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Living with Chronic Illness: an Investigation of its Impact on Social Participation

Appendix 1: Chi-Squared Results: Type of Illness by Social Participation

Social Activities

  CVD Muscular-skeletal problem Mental / Nervous illness Lung Problem Other health problem Digestive tract / reproductive problem Sensory Impairment
Meeting friends 170,441 4 ,000 127,588 4 0.000 106,985 4 0.00 105,978 4 0.000 47,728 4 0.000 73,512 4 0.000 128,243 4 0.000
Contacting friends 389,439 4 ,000 219,499 4 0.000 159,792 4 0.000 110,552 4 0.000 69,986 4 0.000 100,872 4 0.000 130,118 4 0.000
Meet relatives 54,376 4 ,000 81,602 4 0.000 44,082 4 0.00 31,593 4 0.000 15,168 4 0.004 24,300 4 0.000 5,702 4 ,223
Contact relatives 35,960 4 ,000 36,972 4 0.000 70,327 4 0.00 42,822 4 0.000 10,580 4 ,032 17,066 4 0.000 7,377 4 ,117


Cultural Activities

  CVD Muscular-skeletal problem Mental / Nervous illness Lung Problem Other health problem Digestive tract / reproductive problem Sensory Impairment
Visit galleries 160,686 3 ,000 209,425 3 .000 87,133 3 .000 68,196 3 .000 29,977 3 .000 37,067 3 .001 45,176 3 .000
Live performance 185,871 3 ,000 161,619 3 .000 85,066 3 .000 63,932 3 .000 33,014 3 .000 47,674 3 .000 82,477 3 .000
Live sports event 192,871 3 .000 158,303 3 .000 85,092 3 .000 52,179 3 .000 40,668 3 .000 46,673 3 .000 78,601 3 .000
Cinema 793,562 3 .000 538,479 3 .000 142,380 3 .000 134,393 3 .000 96,218 3 .000 158,353 3 .000 232,127 3 .000


Group Activities

  CVD Muscular-skeletal problem Mental / Nervous illness Lung Problem Other health problem Digestive tract / reproductive problem Sensory Impairment
Hobby / social group 158,688 1 .000 163,975 1 0.000 8,617 1 ,003 12,944 1 0.00 10,161 1 0.001 39,430 1 0.000 47,156 1 0.000
Sports group ,343 1 ,558 ,007 1 ,932 2,938 1 ,087 ,024 1 ,877 ,900 1 ,343 ,013 1 ,909 4,926 1 0.026
Other group 138,379 1 .000 109,517 1 0.000 8,917 1 ,003 ,857 1 ,355 19,713 1 ,000 25,312 1 0.000 14,513 1 0.000
Religious group 142,331 1 .000 141,363 1 0.000 28,800 1 .000 4,408 1 ,036 25,717 1 .000 38,986 1 0.000 35,627 1 0.000

 

Appendix 2: Chronic Illness and Social Participation by Explanatory Factor

Age and Vehicle Use

Explanatory Factor Age
0-20 21-40 41-60 61+
Social Participation Chi-square value Significance Chi-square value Significance Chi- square value Significance Chi- square value Significance
Cinema 0,844 ,825 24,616   64,584   67,597  
Live performance 2,593 ,459 15,815 .001 61,885   53,186  
Visit galleries 2,766 ,429 16,118   62,906   86,224  
Live sport event 3,683 ,298 14,459 .002 58,468   19,324  
Meet relatives 12,740 (,013) 4,131 ,389 62,236   6,258 ,181
Meet friends 5,372 ,251 21,809   26,168   51,086  
Contact relatives 1,883 ,757 17,579   50,530   20,254  
Contact friends 4,194 (,380) 18,643     41,655 36,814  
Social group 2,758 ,097 8,387   ,032 ,857 5,356 .021
Religious group ,083 ,773 7,257   ,011 ,915 5,486 .19
Other group 2,109 ,146 3,443 ,064 3,893 ,048 ,797 ,372,
Sport group ,232 ,630 .268 ,605 28,942   13,033  


Economic status

Explanatory Factor Economic Status
Full time Part time Unemployed Student Family (sick) Retired Not in paid work
Social Participation Chi-squared value Significance Chi-squared value Significance Chi-squared value Significance Chi-squared value Significance Chi-squared value Significance Chi-squared value Significance Chi-squared value Significance Chi-squared value Significance
Cinema 35,371 .000 12,322 ,006 7,585 ,055 1,280 ,734 9,560 ,023 7,781 (,051) 68,092   7,906 (,048)
Live performance 1,525 ,676 5,647 ,130 1,307 ,728 2,252 ,522 15,963   22,588 (.007) 47,626   ,604 (,895)
Visit galleries 8,315 ,040 22,253   1,010 ,799 1,216 ,749 6,698 ,082 18,525 (.000) 79,200   1,430 ,699
Live sport event 20,062   2,028 ,567 2,481 (,479) 2,519 ,472 ,551   16,784 (.000) 25,840   5,662 (,129)
Meet relatives 4,661 ,324 3,534 ,473 3,496 ,478 6,975 (,137) 1,355 ,852 ,611 (,962) 7,776 ,100 4,690 (,321)
Meet friends 14,879   2,947 ,567 8,494 ,075 12,003   9,724 ,045 5,618 (,230) 48,617   2,910 (,573)
Contact relatives 2,557 ,634 5,990 ,200 6,023 ,197 1,655 ,799 4,324 .364 2,997 (,558) 15,280 ,004 5,027 (,284)
Contact friends 23,202   6,060 ,195 9,544 ,049 17,233   14,773 ,054 9,293 ,054 40,918   2,056 ,725
Hobby social group 4,949 ,026 12,865   ,088 ,767 2,076 ,150 4,249 ,039 ,653 (,419) 4,424 ,035 ,167 ,683
Religious group 12,917   1,708 ,191 1,457 ,227 6,327   3,423 ,064 ,015 (,903) 8,472   ,050 ,823
Other group 2,374 ,123 3,190 ,074 ,924 ,336 ,203 ,652 1,165 ,280 1,674 (,196) 3,687 ,055 ,054 ,817
Sport group ,519 ,471 1,655 ,198 ,219 ,640 ,180 ,671 ,587 ,444 ,072 ,789 12,930   6,041 0.014


Money

Explanatory Factor Ends Meet
Great difficulty Difficulty Some difficulty Fairly easily Easily Very easily
Social Participation Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance
Cinema 27,054   96,478   173,252   290,115   103,721   41,308  
Live performance 10,012 .018 19,789   49,665   58,506   33,597   10,249 ,017
Visit galleries 15,442   10,386 ,016 38,219   65,891   24,138   28,602  
Live sport event 9,940   9,011 .029 63,565   116,168   26,454   20,535  
Meet relatives 8,350 ,080 6,444 ,168 9,243 ,055 38,894   18,943   3,190 ,527
Meet friends 10,992 .027 10,713 .030 56,090   65,433   35,867   13,406  
Contact relatives 4,777 .311 14,517   14,590   17,730   10,809 ,029 9,382 ,052
Contact friends 16,693   68,069   87,643   127,684   68,444   28,196  
Hobby social group 1,227 .268 12,101   61,233d   41,565   8,374   12,531  
Religious group 5,883   8,989   37,758d   43,488   4,064 ,044 16,510  
Other group 3,658 ,056 3,778 ,052 7,550d   47,343   8,995   1,087 ,297
Sport group 8,379 0.004 ¯ 1,096 ,295 ,037d ,848 ,179 ,672 5,818   ,355 ,551


Family status

Explanatory Factor Family Type
Single Couple without child Couple with child Lone parent
Social Participation Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance Chi-Squared Value Significance
Cinema 223,316   205,617   66,716   58,144  
Live performance 86,022   84,264   23,679   14,358  
Visit galleries 117,918   93,343   23,650   3,114 ,374
Live sport event 132,851   51,068   17,726   12,792  
Meet relatives 47,482   31,879   23,774   16,987  
Meet friends 63,997   54,925   47,509   17,155  
Contact relatives 19,769   23,602   23,590   4,096 ,393
Contact friends ,125 ,724 ,125 ,719 44,768   11,060  
Hobby social group ,262 ,609 4,821 ,028 28,445   5,580 ,018
Religious group ,125 ,724 ,129 ,719 44,768   11,060  
Other group ,605 ,437 2,925 ,087 7,669   22,597  
Sport group 44,122   20,102   4,801   ,007 ,933


Significance values:
Empty boxes mean that the value is significant at 0.000 level

Degrees of Freedom:
I have omitted the degrees of freedom in the table for reasons of clarity. They are: Age: 3 Economic status: 3 Ends Meet: 3 Family Status: