WEBVTT

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/19-0
00:00:09.404 --> 00:00:10.804
We have the editing panel.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/23-0
00:00:12.204 --> 00:00:13.404
And the next panel.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/27-0
00:00:16.324 --> 00:00:17.094
And the viewer.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/30-0
00:00:18.324 --> 00:00:18.914
OK.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/32-0
00:00:19.574 --> 00:00:19.864
Brill.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/35-0
00:00:20.324 --> 00:00:21.774
Brilliant. Um.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/91-0
00:00:22.924 --> 00:00:27.695
Thank you, Elena. Um, well,
thank you. First of all for

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/91-1
00:00:27.695 --> 00:00:32.380
inviting me today. And thank you
all for coming to the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/91-2
00:00:32.380 --> 00:00:37.492
presentation based afternoon. So
yes, I collaborate on this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/91-3
00:00:37.492 --> 00:00:42.177
project with Jesse. We started
this project in in 2019

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/91-4
00:00:42.177 --> 00:00:47.458
basically, but it was kind of
delayed because of COVID as you

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/91-5
00:00:47.458 --> 00:00:50.184
understand now we're looking at.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-0
00:00:50.284 --> 00:00:54.600
Um, language in in borderline
communities, so we had to cross

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-1
00:00:54.600 --> 00:00:58.985
borders once the borders were
closed because of covet and also

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-2
00:00:58.985 --> 00:01:03.092
we were looking at shopkeepers
in this occasion, which was

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-3
00:01:03.092 --> 00:01:07.338
again because of the coveted
shops were closed. So we're now

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-4
00:01:07.338 --> 00:01:11.724
reaching a point when we found
managed to collect all our data

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-5
00:01:11.724 --> 00:01:16.109
and we're analysing the data and
we're able to kind of see the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-6
00:01:16.109 --> 00:01:20.076
findings of this fascinating
project. So this is a paper

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/154-7
00:01:20.076 --> 00:01:20.424
that.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/194-0
00:01:20.504 --> 00:01:24.984
We are hoping to publish soon as
so if there is any feedback on

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/194-1
00:01:24.984 --> 00:01:29.254
on this it would be very very
useful to us at this point. So

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/194-2
00:01:29.254 --> 00:01:33.244
please give us your your
comments and your questions and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/194-3
00:01:33.244 --> 00:01:37.304
and your feedback. It will be
very very much appreciated.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/217-0
00:01:38.104 --> 00:01:42.812
Um, so um yes, we will be
looking at a shopkeepers and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/217-1
00:01:42.812 --> 00:01:47.690
public signs in the linguistic
landscape of this divided

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/217-2
00:01:47.690 --> 00:01:48.374
capital.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/229-0
00:01:49.424 --> 00:01:53.414
And we're using ideas or from
our political economy.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/235-0
00:01:55.184 --> 00:01:57.854
So let's start buying.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/275-0
00:01:59.484 --> 00:02:04.577
Considering the importance of
studying a public signs in in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/275-1
00:02:04.577 --> 00:02:10.093
commercial areas, so commercial
St as you probably not is, there

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/275-2
00:02:10.093 --> 00:02:15.185
is an ambulance off signs, many
of which are in placed with

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/275-3
00:02:15.185 --> 00:02:18.834
basically economic
considerations in mind.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/324-0
00:02:19.944 --> 00:02:24.161
We're focusing on shop front
signs, which are basically

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/324-1
00:02:24.161 --> 00:02:28.904
public texts which served inform
functions. For instance, they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/324-2
00:02:28.904 --> 00:02:33.647
serve to inform kind of the the
passers by about the nature of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/324-3
00:02:33.647 --> 00:02:38.315
the shops and what they sell,
but also shop front signs, they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/324-4
00:02:38.315 --> 00:02:40.724
advertise products and services.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/351-0
00:02:41.364 --> 00:02:46.328
Um, no. They're often produced
based on who is perceived to be

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/351-1
00:02:46.328 --> 00:02:50.976
the target audience and also
what their commercial desires

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/351-2
00:02:50.976 --> 00:02:52.394
are thought to be.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/399-0
00:02:53.624 --> 00:02:57.175
Now shop front signs are
important to study because they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/399-1
00:02:57.175 --> 00:03:00.538
are sociolinguistics
technologies of placemaking that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/399-2
00:03:00.538 --> 00:03:04.088
operated through specific
language ideologies, which can

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/399-3
00:03:04.088 --> 00:03:07.825
in turn shape the linguistic
landscape. So we are basically

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/399-4
00:03:07.825 --> 00:03:11.188
interested in those ideologies
and how they shape the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/399-5
00:03:11.188 --> 00:03:13.554
linguistic landscape of a given
area.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/430-0
00:03:14.694 --> 00:03:19.217
What we need to remember is that
the choice of linguistic

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/430-1
00:03:19.217 --> 00:03:24.052
resources on any public sign,
but also on shop front signs is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/430-2
00:03:24.052 --> 00:03:28.809
very, very crucial, especially
when it comes to multilingual

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/430-3
00:03:28.809 --> 00:03:29.744
communities.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/494-0
00:03:31.104 --> 00:03:35.693
This is because, um, linguistic
choices are not random, they're

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/494-1
00:03:35.693 --> 00:03:39.493
not neutral. They are in fact
often linked to social

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/494-2
00:03:39.493 --> 00:03:43.867
historical experiences of a
given community. Their language,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/494-3
00:03:43.867 --> 00:03:48.097
policies, and issues that have
to do with identities, with

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/494-4
00:03:48.097 --> 00:03:52.542
ideologies. And as we're going
to demonstrate as well in this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/494-5
00:03:52.542 --> 00:03:57.203
study, political economies now,
all these issues will surface in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/494-6
00:03:57.203 --> 00:04:00.644
any community, but they are can
be exacerbated.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/501-0
00:04:00.734 --> 00:04:04.014
In border communities that are
affected by conflict.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/562-0
00:04:05.024 --> 00:04:09.171
So many scholars have explored
the linguistic landscape of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/562-1
00:04:09.171 --> 00:04:13.247
commercial areas around the
world, and we're going to see

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/562-2
00:04:13.247 --> 00:04:17.744
that in a moment. However, not
many have focused on communities

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/562-3
00:04:17.744 --> 00:04:21.961
that are affected by conflict,
so this study is significant

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/562-4
00:04:21.961 --> 00:04:25.826
because it simultaneously
explores the value and roles

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/562-5
00:04:25.826 --> 00:04:30.042
that languages play when it
comes to the political economic

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/562-6
00:04:30.042 --> 00:04:33.134
concerns of to conflict ridden
communities.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/629-0
00:04:36.104 --> 00:04:40.548
Just to tell you a little bit
about the political economy of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/629-1
00:04:40.548 --> 00:04:45.210
language. So studying language
and political economy is crucial

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/629-2
00:04:45.210 --> 00:04:49.289
because it enables us to
understand the complexities of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/629-3
00:04:49.289 --> 00:04:53.587
modern societies, especially
with kind of current societal

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/629-4
00:04:53.587 --> 00:04:57.739
changes such as globalisation,
super diversity increase,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/629-5
00:04:57.739 --> 00:05:02.401
mobility of individuals across
borders, which is basically what

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/629-6
00:05:02.401 --> 00:05:04.294
we are kind of interested.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/674-0
00:05:04.374 --> 00:05:08.824
Today, if you wanna definition,
you can find one from block.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/674-1
00:05:08.824 --> 00:05:13.128
Political economy focuses on and
analyses the relationship

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/674-2
00:05:13.128 --> 00:05:17.359
between the individual and
society and between the market

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/674-3
00:05:17.359 --> 00:05:21.225
and the state, and it seeks to
understand how social

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/674-4
00:05:21.225 --> 00:05:24.799
institutions and their
activities and capitalism

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/674-5
00:05:24.799 --> 00:05:25.674
interrelate.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/676-0
00:05:27.574 --> 00:05:28.084
Now.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/735-0
00:05:30.874 --> 00:05:35.543
In in 1989, there are two
separate papers from Susan, Gal

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/735-1
00:05:35.543 --> 00:05:40.533
and Irvine, who foregrounded in
sociolinguistics. The idea of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/735-2
00:05:40.533 --> 00:05:45.603
political economy. There were
calling researchers in the field

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/735-3
00:05:45.603 --> 00:05:50.674
not just to study language in
relation to society and culture,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/735-4
00:05:50.674 --> 00:05:55.745
but also to explore the value
and the role languages play when

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/735-5
00:05:55.745 --> 00:05:59.044
it comes to political economic
concerns.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/797-0
00:06:00.124 --> 00:06:04.861
Of course, the idea of languages
having different roles and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/797-1
00:06:04.861 --> 00:06:09.677
values is not something new. We
all know that Birdie 19 from

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/797-2
00:06:09.677 --> 00:06:14.097
1977 advocated that linguistic
practises can be seen as

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/797-3
00:06:14.097 --> 00:06:18.755
symbolic assets, or in other
words, as linguistic capital,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/797-4
00:06:18.755 --> 00:06:23.413
they may have different values
which they can translate as

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/797-5
00:06:23.413 --> 00:06:28.149
economic value, depending on
whether they are considered to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/797-6
00:06:28.149 --> 00:06:29.254
be legitimate.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/841-0
00:06:29.834 --> 00:06:34.042
Prestigious, valuable in a
specific time and space. Ohh,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/841-1
00:06:34.042 --> 00:06:38.619
whether they're thought to be
illegitimate and worthless. Now

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/841-2
00:06:38.619 --> 00:06:42.606
body's ideas have been
influential and they have been

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/841-3
00:06:42.606 --> 00:06:47.183
adopted by many scholars, but at
the same time there are some

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/841-4
00:06:47.183 --> 00:06:48.954
scholars who criticised.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/861-0
00:06:49.034 --> 00:06:54.057
Um, these ideas for their static
description of the valuation

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/861-1
00:06:54.057 --> 00:06:57.054
processes of languages and
speakers?

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-0
00:06:57.974 --> 00:07:01.722
They say that in order to
understand how valuation

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-1
00:07:01.722 --> 00:07:06.205
processes work, it is important
not just to presume what the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-2
00:07:06.205 --> 00:07:10.468
values, the roles and the
functions of languages are in a

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-3
00:07:10.468 --> 00:07:14.657
given community, but is actually
important to unveil the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-4
00:07:14.657 --> 00:07:18.184
ideological stances that
circulate within those

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-5
00:07:18.184 --> 00:07:22.300
communities and legitimise
certain linguistic resources

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-6
00:07:22.300 --> 00:07:26.856
over others. So basically this
is what we are trying to do in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/934-7
00:07:26.856 --> 00:07:27.664
this study.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/950-0
00:07:31.654 --> 00:07:36.712
Now taking political economy and
looking the linguistic landscape

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/950-1
00:07:36.712 --> 00:07:39.164
and language in in public space.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/982-0
00:07:40.144 --> 00:07:45.411
There are various studies that
highlighted their important the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/982-1
00:07:45.411 --> 00:07:49.842
symbolic power of English as an
emblematic marker of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/982-2
00:07:49.842 --> 00:07:53.604
globalisation, with its use on
public signs.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-0
00:07:53.974 --> 00:07:57.375
Um, so usually we see in
commercial areas the use of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-1
00:07:57.375 --> 00:08:01.418
English being associated with
kind of like a desire to project

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-2
00:08:01.418 --> 00:08:05.652
the modern and more cosmopolitan
and more still sophisticated and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-3
00:08:05.652 --> 00:08:09.695
trending outlook gaining there
for economic value. The studies

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-4
00:08:09.695 --> 00:08:13.866
that I have here are just a few
recent ones, but there are other

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-5
00:08:13.866 --> 00:08:17.844
studies as well that highlight
the importance of the symbolic

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-6
00:08:17.844 --> 00:08:20.924
power of English in the
linguistic landscape of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1044-7
00:08:20.924 --> 00:08:22.014
commercial areas.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1108-0
00:08:24.654 --> 00:08:29.585
But also other studies that have
focused on the use of minority

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1108-1
00:08:29.585 --> 00:08:34.515
language in commercial areas in
their public space, you can see

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1108-2
00:08:34.515 --> 00:08:38.520
against some of them here,
they're they're more and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1108-3
00:08:38.520 --> 00:08:42.988
findings from these studies
indicate that shopkeepers use

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1108-4
00:08:42.988 --> 00:08:47.302
their languages on shop signs to
gain visibility in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1108-5
00:08:47.302 --> 00:08:51.847
linguistic landscape. Now, this
enables them to do various

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1108-6
00:08:51.847 --> 00:08:53.464
things, first of all.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1141-0
00:08:53.534 --> 00:08:58.336
To highlight their cultural and
linguistic diversity in in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1141-1
00:08:58.336 --> 00:09:03.381
public space, but also to create
solidarity with their target

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1141-2
00:09:03.381 --> 00:09:07.694
audience and as a result to
develop a customer base.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1193-0
00:09:08.814 --> 00:09:12.652
Also, they use different
languages as a marketing

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1193-1
00:09:12.652 --> 00:09:16.567
practise in order to
differentiate their shop from

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1193-2
00:09:16.567 --> 00:09:21.479
others in the area, and this is
particularly evident in Halton.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1193-3
00:09:21.479 --> 00:09:26.315
Kelly hopes study 2019, where
they investigated a tailor shop,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1193-4
00:09:26.315 --> 00:09:28.924
just one shop in Singapore
where.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1212-0
00:09:29.664 --> 00:09:32.728
English and Chinese are
predominated, and this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1212-1
00:09:32.728 --> 00:09:36.117
particular shop used only
Scandinavian, so this was

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1212-2
00:09:36.117 --> 00:09:38.854
considered to be an anomaly in
this area.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1226-0
00:09:39.294 --> 00:09:43.284
Um, so basically, this study
highlights the importance of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1226-1
00:09:43.284 --> 00:09:47.204
studying this kind of kind of
anomalies in public space.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1286-0
00:09:49.384 --> 00:09:53.312
So as I said, these are a few
studies. There are actually

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1286-1
00:09:53.312 --> 00:09:57.577
more, but these studies offer
valuable insights into different

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1286-2
00:09:57.577 --> 00:10:01.098
language hierarchies in the
linguistic landscape of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1286-3
00:10:01.098 --> 00:10:05.160
commercial areas around the
world. But our study will bring

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1286-4
00:10:05.160 --> 00:10:09.020
another crucial element into
play, that of conflict over

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1286-5
00:10:09.020 --> 00:10:13.014
territory, which is basically
what is happening in Cyprus.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1347-0
00:10:17.034 --> 00:10:21.903
So as I said, this is a case
study in Cyprus and our aim is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1347-1
00:10:21.903 --> 00:10:26.284
to explore the individual
political economies and the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1347-2
00:10:26.284 --> 00:10:31.558
ideologies that circulate in the
two conflict ridden communities

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1347-3
00:10:31.558 --> 00:10:36.914
in Cyprus in order to unveil the
role and economic value of Greek

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1347-4
00:10:36.914 --> 00:10:41.457
and Turkish in public space. Now
this will enable us to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1347-5
00:10:41.457 --> 00:10:46.244
understand what makes some
linguistic resources in Cyprus.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1359-0
00:10:46.324 --> 00:10:51.719
Economically valuable and others
worthless, focusing on this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1359-1
00:10:51.719 --> 00:10:53.134
divided capital.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1371-0
00:10:58.674 --> 00:11:03.894
So now I would like to give you
some information about Cyprus.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1407-0
00:11:04.224 --> 00:11:07.354
I'm just to understand the
situation, the conflict and also

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1407-1
00:11:07.354 --> 00:11:10.379
the kind of languages and
ideologies that exist in in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1407-2
00:11:10.379 --> 00:11:13.769
Community, so I'm going to spend
a little time talking about the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1407-3
00:11:13.769 --> 00:11:14.864
context of the study.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1474-0
00:11:15.624 --> 00:11:19.908
Um, so the case of Cyprus is
interesting to investigate

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1474-1
00:11:19.908 --> 00:11:24.115
because after a long term
conflict between the Turkish

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1474-2
00:11:24.115 --> 00:11:29.010
Cypriots and the Greek Cypriots
and the war in 1974, the island

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1474-3
00:11:29.010 --> 00:11:33.982
is divided by the UN controlled
buffer zone, the green language.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1474-4
00:11:33.982 --> 00:11:38.724
You can see here on the on the
map runs across the island and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1474-5
00:11:38.724 --> 00:11:43.619
it basically divides Cyprus. And
because, as you can see in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1474-6
00:11:43.619 --> 00:11:44.154
centre.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1478-0
00:11:44.994 --> 00:11:47.274
Which is the capital into.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1529-0
00:11:48.014 --> 00:11:51.998
Um, in 1983, the defacto state
of the Turkish Republic of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1529-1
00:11:51.998 --> 00:11:56.256
Northern Cyprus was declared.
Now we should bear in mind that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1529-2
00:11:56.256 --> 00:11:59.346
this state is not
internationally recognised

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1529-3
00:11:59.346 --> 00:12:03.741
except by Turkey, and this is is
it something important when it

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1529-4
00:12:03.741 --> 00:12:07.724
comes to the political economy
of the area and the North.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1547-0
00:12:09.204 --> 00:12:14.373
Now, um, the aftermath of the
war. Uh let both communities to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1547-1
00:12:14.373 --> 00:12:17.374
uh, basically economic
catastrophe.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1590-0
00:12:18.004 --> 00:12:22.541
But despite the disaster, the
development in the Republic of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1590-1
00:12:22.541 --> 00:12:27.002
Cyprus has shown a remarkable
economic growth that's in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1590-2
00:12:27.002 --> 00:12:31.538
South. Yet the economy in the
north, in the Turkish Republic

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1590-3
00:12:31.538 --> 00:12:36.149
of Northern Cyprus, which is
much smaller and internationally

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1590-4
00:12:36.149 --> 00:12:38.974
isolated, depended heavily on
Turkey.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1632-0
00:12:40.554 --> 00:12:45.533
We should also say that the
Republic of Cyprus joined the EU

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1632-1
00:12:45.533 --> 00:12:50.186
and continue to flourish
economically, but the north did

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1632-2
00:12:50.186 --> 00:12:55.573
not form part of the deal and it
lacked significantly behind that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1632-3
00:12:55.573 --> 00:12:59.164
of the more prosperous Greek
Cypriot South.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1681-0
00:13:01.494 --> 00:13:05.722
Another important development
was in 2003, when some crossing

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1681-1
00:13:05.722 --> 00:13:10.018
points started to open across
the buffer zone, enabling people

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1681-2
00:13:10.018 --> 00:13:13.769
to cross to the other side.
After 30 years of complete

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1681-3
00:13:13.769 --> 00:13:18.201
separation, one of the course in
points is actually part of this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1681-4
00:13:18.201 --> 00:13:21.474
study, and I'm going to present
it in a moment.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1709-0
00:13:25.814 --> 00:13:29.691
So it's very quickly about the
languages in Cyprus. So the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1709-1
00:13:29.691 --> 00:13:33.436
South, the, the, the Republic of
Cyprus has two official

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1709-2
00:13:33.436 --> 00:13:36.064
languages. There are Greek and
Turkish.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1737-0
00:13:37.554 --> 00:13:42.330
However, it should be noted that
the use of Turkish is very, very

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1737-1
00:13:42.330 --> 00:13:46.671
limited and the majority of the
people in the Greek Cypriot

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1737-2
00:13:46.671 --> 00:13:48.914
community do not learn Turkish.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1771-0
00:13:49.574 --> 00:13:54.103
Um Turkish is the only official
language in the Turkish Republic

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1771-1
00:13:54.103 --> 00:13:58.702
of Northern Cyprus in the north,
and then I have English as well.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1771-2
00:13:58.702 --> 00:14:02.743
On the last box because English
is a very, very important

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1771-3
00:14:02.743 --> 00:14:06.574
language in Cyprus, it is an
elite, dominant language.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1820-0
00:14:07.734 --> 00:14:12.137
It is not officially recognised,
but it is often is widely used

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1820-1
00:14:12.137 --> 00:14:16.403
as you're going to see later on,
and it is also an ethnically

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1820-2
00:14:16.403 --> 00:14:20.530
loaded language and is used to
sometimes as a lingua franca

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1820-3
00:14:20.530 --> 00:14:24.658
between the Greek Cypriots and
Turkish Cypriots, who do not

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1820-4
00:14:24.658 --> 00:14:26.584
speak each other's language.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1846-0
00:14:27.404 --> 00:14:31.617
It is also important for
tourists for trade, for the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1846-1
00:14:31.617 --> 00:14:36.386
workplace and also it is very
associated with modernity and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1846-2
00:14:36.386 --> 00:14:38.134
globalisation as well.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1904-0
00:14:42.184 --> 00:14:46.711
The last slide that I want to
talk about the context is that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1904-1
00:14:46.711 --> 00:14:51.534
of ideologies in Cyprus because
they become very relevant to the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1904-2
00:14:51.534 --> 00:14:56.357
analysis that we're going to do.
So despite opening the crossing

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1904-3
00:14:56.357 --> 00:15:00.883
points potentially basically a
couraging interaction between

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1904-4
00:15:00.883 --> 00:15:04.667
the two communities,
communication between the two

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1904-5
00:15:04.667 --> 00:15:08.600
mostly involves brief
transactional encounters. This

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1904-6
00:15:08.600 --> 00:15:11.864
is often because of the strong
nationalist.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1924-0
00:15:11.954 --> 00:15:17.345
Ideologies that exist in both
communities, there's a lot of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1924-1
00:15:17.345 --> 00:15:22.106
research that shows that the
nationalist ideological

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1924-2
00:15:22.106 --> 00:15:23.004
positions.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1969-0
00:15:24.094 --> 00:15:28.845
Often demonise the other and
promote a kind of 1 sided

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1969-1
00:15:28.845 --> 00:15:33.510
historical narratives of
victimisation, and these are

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1969-2
00:15:33.510 --> 00:15:38.261
often fed by official master
narratives through public

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/1969-3
00:15:38.261 --> 00:15:41.284
education and also the mass
media.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2004-0
00:15:42.634 --> 00:15:47.191
There's also research that shows
that although there have been

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2004-1
00:15:47.191 --> 00:15:51.385
attempts at official levels to
tone down this nationalist

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2004-2
00:15:51.385 --> 00:15:55.507
discourses and promote a more
collective identity, these

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2004-3
00:15:55.507 --> 00:15:58.544
discourses are still very, very
dominant.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2026-0
00:16:00.874 --> 00:16:04.600
There is an alternative pro
reconciliation ideology that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2026-1
00:16:04.600 --> 00:16:08.326
promotes an independency period
identity. This is called

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2026-2
00:16:08.326 --> 00:16:09.044
separatism.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2043-0
00:16:09.584 --> 00:16:14.476
Um, but this kind of counter
discourse is often considered

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2043-1
00:16:14.476 --> 00:16:18.124
damaging by the majority of the
population.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2083-0
00:16:19.074 --> 00:16:23.761
Um, it should me mention that,
at least in the Greek Cypriot

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2083-1
00:16:23.761 --> 00:16:27.909
context, these ideologies relate
closely to political

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2083-2
00:16:27.909 --> 00:16:32.365
affiliations, so the right wing
political parties promote

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2083-3
00:16:32.365 --> 00:16:36.820
nationalism and the left wing
often promote separatism as

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2083-4
00:16:36.820 --> 00:16:37.204
well.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2133-0
00:16:41.494 --> 00:16:46.885
Right now I will take you to the
context of our investigation. I

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2133-1
00:16:46.885 --> 00:16:51.860
started exploring the linguistic
landscape of the centre of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2133-2
00:16:51.860 --> 00:16:57.168
Nicosia back in 2016. I think I
started this work and basically

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2133-3
00:16:57.168 --> 00:17:02.558
was field work where I collected
a lot of photographic data from

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2133-4
00:17:02.558 --> 00:17:03.304
the area.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2163-0
00:17:04.754 --> 00:17:08.288
So what do you see? Here is the
centre of Nicosia is the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2163-1
00:17:08.288 --> 00:17:11.946
historical centre. Nicosia is
much bigger, but this is the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2163-2
00:17:11.946 --> 00:17:14.674
historical centre that is within
the walls.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2203-0
00:17:15.854 --> 00:17:20.260
You can see the buffer zone in
yellow now. This is the green

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2203-1
00:17:20.260 --> 00:17:25.027
line, but I it's yellow here. So
this is the UN controlled buffer

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2203-2
00:17:25.027 --> 00:17:28.782
zone that divides the two
communities and access is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2203-3
00:17:28.782 --> 00:17:32.104
prohibited in this area. There's
no economic.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2268-0
00:17:32.474 --> 00:17:37.369
Um activity and the buildings
are all abandoned. You can see

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2268-1
00:17:37.369 --> 00:17:42.103
on the north in red this is
Erastus St that we explore the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2268-2
00:17:42.103 --> 00:17:46.918
commercial area in Arasta St
this is in the Turkish Cypriot

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2268-3
00:17:46.918 --> 00:17:51.652
community and in the South we
have literal St in the Greek

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2268-4
00:17:51.652 --> 00:17:56.787
secret community. So basically
approximately 800 metres are lie

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2268-5
00:17:56.787 --> 00:18:01.762
in the Greek Cypriot community.
This is in Ledra St and about

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2268-6
00:18:01.762 --> 00:18:02.644
150 metres.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2343-0
00:18:03.234 --> 00:18:07.531
Is Astra St and approximately
there 80 metres of UN controlled

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2343-1
00:18:07.531 --> 00:18:11.760
Norman's lad that divides the
tune. The crossing point in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2343-2
00:18:11.760 --> 00:18:15.853
leavers lock Magic crossing
point. So basically someone who

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2343-3
00:18:15.853 --> 00:18:20.354
is in the live in literal St can
pass through the crossing point,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2343-4
00:18:20.354 --> 00:18:24.856
pass through the buffer zone and
end up in the other community by

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2343-5
00:18:24.856 --> 00:18:28.334
foot, which is quite important
for our study here.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2391-0
00:18:30.044 --> 00:18:35.060
Now although both are ASTA and
Lidras are commercial areas full

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2391-1
00:18:35.060 --> 00:18:39.919
of shops and restaurants and
coffee shops and bars and so on.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2391-2
00:18:39.919 --> 00:18:44.542
They're quite different because
leaders is relatively more

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2391-3
00:18:44.542 --> 00:18:49.401
economically developed, it's
more westernised and modern with

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2391-4
00:18:49.401 --> 00:18:53.084
global franchises as well as
local businesses.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2407-0
00:18:54.024 --> 00:18:58.211
But Harasta in the Turkish
Cypriot community, has a local

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2407-1
00:18:58.211 --> 00:18:59.654
shops in the bazaar.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2440-0
00:19:00.764 --> 00:19:05.616
They are inexpensive items being
sold and the items are usually

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2440-1
00:19:05.616 --> 00:19:10.467
displayed outside the shops in
the street like a bazaar, giving

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2440-2
00:19:10.467 --> 00:19:13.574
the area and more traditional
character.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2462-0
00:19:16.934 --> 00:19:21.626
Now the the field book that I
started doing um a few years

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2462-1
00:19:21.626 --> 00:19:25.124
ago, I basically wanted to
investigate the.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2501-0
00:19:25.644 --> 00:19:30.285
Um, the visibility of English,
Greek and Turkish in the area.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2501-1
00:19:30.285 --> 00:19:34.851
So I conducted fieldwork in the
area that I've shown you and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2501-2
00:19:34.851 --> 00:19:39.417
collected all the signs that I
saw as a passerby and kind of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2501-3
00:19:39.417 --> 00:19:43.384
counted the instances of each
language on the signs.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2541-0
00:19:44.104 --> 00:19:47.529
And this is basically what I
found. Um so as you can see in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2541-1
00:19:47.529 --> 00:19:50.897
both Greek Cypriot community
Turkish Cypriot community and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2541-2
00:19:50.897 --> 00:19:54.208
the buffer zone, the little
crossing point English is the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2541-3
00:19:54.208 --> 00:19:57.690
dominant language, which is
quite interesting because that's

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2541-4
00:19:57.690 --> 00:19:59.174
not the official language.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2607-0
00:20:00.814 --> 00:20:04.454
Greek and Turkish are the
languages that follow in each

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2607-1
00:20:04.454 --> 00:20:07.964
community, so Greek is is
dominant. The Greek Cypriot

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2607-2
00:20:07.964 --> 00:20:11.409
community, which isn't
surprising and Turkish in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2607-3
00:20:11.409 --> 00:20:15.439
Turkish Cypriot community. But
what is interesting is looking

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2607-4
00:20:15.439 --> 00:20:19.404
at the use of the language of
the other. So those circles in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2607-5
00:20:19.404 --> 00:20:23.434
blue indicate when Turkish for
examples was used in the Greek

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2607-6
00:20:23.434 --> 00:20:24.604
Cypriot community.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2624-0
00:20:25.424 --> 00:20:29.022
And Greek in the Turkish Cypriot
community. And if you Add all

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2624-1
00:20:29.022 --> 00:20:31.534
this up, you will see that
Turkish is used.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2648-0
00:20:32.214 --> 00:20:37.295
Kind of like it's 0.3% in the
Greek Cypriot community. So

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2648-1
00:20:37.295 --> 00:20:42.726
basically not that often. And
Greek is about 4%, a little bit

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2648-2
00:20:42.726 --> 00:20:43.164
more.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2675-0
00:20:44.244 --> 00:20:48.647
Compared to the Greek Cypriot
community, so although these are

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2675-1
00:20:48.647 --> 00:20:52.211
could be considered as a
normally to the, you know

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2675-2
00:20:52.211 --> 00:20:56.474
dominant languages is quite
interesting to investigate. Why?

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2706-0
00:20:57.754 --> 00:21:01.581
Greek is visible in the Turkish
Cypriot community and why

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2706-1
00:21:01.581 --> 00:21:05.802
Turkish is a little bit visible
in the Greek Cypriot community,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2706-2
00:21:05.802 --> 00:21:09.694
so we're just focusing on bat.
We're trying to figure out.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2721-0
00:21:11.254 --> 00:21:14.736
Why the languages of the other
is actually used or not used in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2721-1
00:21:14.736 --> 00:21:15.564
each community?

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2749-0
00:21:16.684 --> 00:21:20.533
Um, the border and the buffer
zone are quite interesting

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2749-1
00:21:20.533 --> 00:21:24.381
because this is the space where
I found most signs being

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2749-2
00:21:24.381 --> 00:21:28.094
multilingual and containing the
language of the other.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2763-0
00:21:29.754 --> 00:21:32.678
As I said, there's no economic
activity in this area, but is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2763-1
00:21:32.678 --> 00:21:33.924
it? It is a special place.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2802-0
00:21:34.284 --> 00:21:38.162
Um, I don't have time to go
through this now, so feel free

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2802-1
00:21:38.162 --> 00:21:42.237
to ask me at the end if you're
interested in finding out more

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2802-2
00:21:42.237 --> 00:21:46.443
about the buffer zone. There's
also my 2020 publication where I

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2802-3
00:21:46.443 --> 00:21:49.334
actually investigate that
particular space.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2808-0
00:21:50.184 --> 00:21:52.094
But now we're focusing on the
Blues.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2812-0
00:21:52.884 --> 00:21:53.494
This case.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2819-0
00:21:55.884 --> 00:21:58.754
So the data collection in this
study.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2836-0
00:21:59.874 --> 00:22:04.350
We are using interviews in
combination with photographs of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2836-1
00:22:04.350 --> 00:22:07.384
shop front signs from both
communities.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2879-0
00:22:08.064 --> 00:22:12.562
Now, combining the two methods
enabled us not to restrict the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2879-1
00:22:12.562 --> 00:22:17.131
analysis on what is just visible
in the research location, but

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2879-2
00:22:17.131 --> 00:22:21.556
actually complemented with kind
of discussion of issues that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2879-3
00:22:21.556 --> 00:22:25.690
have to do with authorship,
agency ideologies, political

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2879-4
00:22:25.690 --> 00:22:29.534
beliefs and perceptions of the
linguistic landscape.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2907-0
00:22:30.654 --> 00:22:34.966
So we conducted 20 interviews
with shopkeepers, 10 are from

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2907-1
00:22:34.966 --> 00:22:39.564
the Greek Cypriot community and
10 are from the Turkish Cypriot

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2907-2
00:22:39.564 --> 00:22:43.444
community in the streets that
have mentioned earlier.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2973-0
00:22:45.604 --> 00:22:50.716
The discussion of the topics of
the interviews we wanted to find

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2973-1
00:22:50.716 --> 00:22:55.749
out about the business history,
how the shop emerged, the stuff

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2973-2
00:22:55.749 --> 00:23:00.939
and the clientele, demographics,
the language repaired words, and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2973-3
00:23:00.939 --> 00:23:05.736
the language practises of the
shopkeepers and the clientele,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2973-4
00:23:05.736 --> 00:23:10.454
the language on their signs and
the factors that influenced

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2973-5
00:23:10.454 --> 00:23:14.464
their choice, and how they think
their shop signs.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2997-0
00:23:14.534 --> 00:23:18.602
Construct the vicinity and how
this may affect their business.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2997-1
00:23:18.602 --> 00:23:21.960
So quite a few things that we
talked about with our

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/2997-2
00:23:21.960 --> 00:23:22.734
shopkeepers.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3020-0
00:23:24.034 --> 00:23:27.810
Each interview lasted between 30
minutes and about an hour, and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3020-1
00:23:27.810 --> 00:23:31.349
it was conducted in the native
language of the shopkeepers,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3020-2
00:23:31.349 --> 00:23:32.764
either Greek or Turkish.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3044-0
00:23:33.724 --> 00:23:38.896
So we transcribed, we translated
the data, and then we did a

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3044-1
00:23:38.896 --> 00:23:43.897
qualitative analysis of the
interviews we used and vivo to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3044-2
00:23:43.897 --> 00:23:44.914
do that and.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3069-0
00:23:45.954 --> 00:23:49.772
In the thematic analysis
basically identified emerging

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3069-1
00:23:49.772 --> 00:23:54.145
emerging themes, so we didn't
have themes prepared in advance.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3069-2
00:23:54.145 --> 00:23:57.824
We kind of let the data tell us
the story basically.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3092-0
00:23:58.984 --> 00:24:04.186
So we identified 4 themes in the
data and this is what I will

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3092-1
00:24:04.186 --> 00:24:08.464
start presenting now. So let's
go to the findings.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-0
00:24:11.414 --> 00:24:15.658
So the first theme was that
language is used as an economic

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-1
00:24:15.658 --> 00:24:19.549
resource. So one of the
findings, if you remember from

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-2
00:24:19.549 --> 00:24:23.722
the table that I showed you
earlier, was that the language

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-3
00:24:23.722 --> 00:24:28.390
of the other was widely excluded
from the linguistic landscape of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-4
00:24:28.390 --> 00:24:32.563
each community and more so in
the Greek Cypriot community.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-5
00:24:32.563 --> 00:24:36.665
However, there were a few signs
that contain Greek in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-6
00:24:36.665 --> 00:24:41.122
Turkish Cypriot community. So
what I'm going to do now is show

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3161-7
00:24:41.122 --> 00:24:41.404
you.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3166-0
00:24:41.484 --> 00:24:43.974
Some representative sample.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3189-0
00:24:45.074 --> 00:24:50.083
So this sign for a pharmacy is
in the Turkish Cypriot community

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3189-1
00:24:50.083 --> 00:24:54.466
with seeds bilingual. It has
English on top and this is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3189-2
00:24:54.466 --> 00:24:55.874
followed by Greek.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3208-0
00:24:57.404 --> 00:25:00.959
And we have another sign here,
in this case monolingual in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3208-1
00:25:00.959 --> 00:25:04.272
Greek, is kind of like an
ephemeral sign. It's kind of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3208-2
00:25:04.272 --> 00:25:04.994
handwritten.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3223-0
00:25:06.154 --> 00:25:10.277
It is on the in Greek and is
says we have a communicative

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3223-1
00:25:10.277 --> 00:25:12.124
with sell it by the piece.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3283-0
00:25:14.254 --> 00:25:19.367
This sign was very interested
because initially you will think

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3283-1
00:25:19.367 --> 00:25:24.480
that this is a sign that it has
English and then underneath it

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3283-2
00:25:24.480 --> 00:25:29.430
has the Greek translation. But
interestingly the translation

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3283-3
00:25:29.430 --> 00:25:34.218
either is misspelt or it is it
doesn't correspond to isn't

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3283-4
00:25:34.218 --> 00:25:39.493
correct basically, so it doesn't
make sense in Greek which makes

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3283-5
00:25:39.493 --> 00:25:44.524
us think that probably Google
Translate was used in order to.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3298-0
00:25:44.654 --> 00:25:48.460
Translate the English into
Greek, which means that the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3298-1
00:25:48.460 --> 00:25:50.604
shopkeeper does not know Greek.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3300-0
00:25:51.324 --> 00:25:51.814
Um.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-0
00:25:53.064 --> 00:25:57.319
The other sign is this one. It's
trilingual, so you have a

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-1
00:25:57.319 --> 00:26:01.862
Turkish coming first, followed
by English translation and then

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-2
00:26:01.862 --> 00:26:05.611
by the Greek translation. And
again, this is a very

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-3
00:26:05.611 --> 00:26:10.082
interesting sign because the
author is using Roman characters

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-4
00:26:10.082 --> 00:26:14.264
instead of the Greek alphabet.
This is what we call green

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-5
00:26:14.264 --> 00:26:18.230
glish, and it was quite
interesting because when I was

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-6
00:26:18.230 --> 00:26:22.124
taking this photo, the
shopkeeper just jumped outside

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3382-7
00:26:22.124 --> 00:26:23.854
the shop to ask me what.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-0
00:26:23.964 --> 00:26:28.064
I was doing there. You get that
when you do linguistic landscape

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-1
00:26:28.064 --> 00:26:31.974
research and you end up having
quite interesting conversation

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-2
00:26:31.974 --> 00:26:35.759
with with people. So I asked
him, I'm I said I'm doing this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-3
00:26:35.759 --> 00:26:39.543
and I'm interested in the Greek
here. He said Ohh I have no

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-4
00:26:39.543 --> 00:26:43.453
clue. My nephew did that. So my
nephew searched and found the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-5
00:26:43.453 --> 00:26:47.553
Greek translation and he gave me
the sign again showing that the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-6
00:26:47.553 --> 00:26:51.148
authors do not really know the
language but they make an

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3453-7
00:26:51.148 --> 00:26:53.544
attempt to include it in their
signs.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3470-0
00:26:55.344 --> 00:26:59.314
Now some data from our
interviews in relation to the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3470-1
00:26:59.314 --> 00:27:03.134
use of the Greek in the Turkish
Cypriot community.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3531-0
00:27:04.214 --> 00:27:09.062
Now, many shopkeepers in Arasta
said that the customer base is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3531-1
00:27:09.062 --> 00:27:13.986
heavily dependent on the Greek
city speaking customers from the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3531-2
00:27:13.986 --> 00:27:18.987
South. Therefore, using Greek on
their signs would help increase

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3531-3
00:27:18.987 --> 00:27:23.449
their trade. And this is
basically what Ahmed said. He is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3531-4
00:27:23.449 --> 00:27:28.296
the owner of a coffee shop, he
said, because there are lots of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3531-5
00:27:28.296 --> 00:27:31.604
locals from the South coming
here as well.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3581-0
00:27:32.924 --> 00:27:36.278
I even used Greek at some point
on my science, like the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3581-1
00:27:36.278 --> 00:27:39.812
communicative, which showed
before the traditional Cypriot

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3581-2
00:27:39.812 --> 00:27:43.286
desert. In Greek we learned it
and used it. We shows that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3581-3
00:27:43.286 --> 00:27:47.059
they're not really competent in
the language, but they learned

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3581-4
00:27:47.059 --> 00:27:49.394
it for a purpose to attract
customers.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-0
00:27:50.994 --> 00:27:55.291
Um mbula, the owner of another
coffee shop, stressed that there

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-1
00:27:55.291 --> 00:27:59.387
was more demand for the dessert
once the name was written in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-2
00:27:59.387 --> 00:28:03.684
Greek, showing that the business
positively impacted by the use

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-3
00:28:03.684 --> 00:28:08.115
of the language of the other. So
she says it helps. They do come,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-4
00:28:08.115 --> 00:28:11.942
but when you use it, namely
their language, they like it

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-5
00:28:11.942 --> 00:28:15.836
even more. It can be attractive
to those who do not speak

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-6
00:28:15.836 --> 00:28:19.999
English or Turkish and also said
when I put it in Greek on my

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3660-7
00:28:19.999 --> 00:28:20.334
sign.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3672-0
00:28:20.424 --> 00:28:24.338
What we get a lot of demand. So
I guess it helps. It definitely

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3672-1
00:28:24.338 --> 00:28:24.704
helps.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3707-0
00:28:26.364 --> 00:28:30.180
Similarly, Niazi, who is A at
the jewellery shopkeeper,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3707-1
00:28:30.180 --> 00:28:34.540
mentioned he put writings on the
board. If they can't read what

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3707-2
00:28:34.540 --> 00:28:38.628
it is, they won't know what
they're buying. So as a result,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3707-3
00:28:38.628 --> 00:28:39.854
they wouldn't buy.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3750-0
00:28:41.474 --> 00:28:46.203
So basically it seems that the
main concern of the shopkeepers

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3750-1
00:28:46.203 --> 00:28:50.707
in the north is attracting
customers, so they try to put up

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3750-2
00:28:50.707 --> 00:28:55.211
signs in the language of the
other, even if they don't know

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3750-3
00:28:55.211 --> 00:28:59.414
that language, in order to
increase their transactions.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3753-0
00:29:02.294 --> 00:29:04.484
Now if we move to.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3763-0
00:29:05.524 --> 00:29:08.651
The Greek Cypriot community is
also very, very interesting

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3763-1
00:29:08.651 --> 00:29:09.074
because.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3800-0
00:29:11.034 --> 00:29:15.720
We basically didn't find any
signs in in Turkish on on when

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3800-1
00:29:15.720 --> 00:29:20.562
we did the field work with with
the shopkeepers. This was the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3800-2
00:29:20.562 --> 00:29:24.154
only sign that I managed to find
in Ledra St.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3817-0
00:29:25.214 --> 00:29:29.516
So it is a shop front side of an
internationally renowned hair

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3817-1
00:29:29.516 --> 00:29:31.564
salon. You might recognise it.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3846-0
00:29:32.284 --> 00:29:37.195
Um and this hair salon obviously
has hairdressing services, but

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3846-1
00:29:37.195 --> 00:29:41.338
also it provides training for
prospective and current

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3846-2
00:29:41.338 --> 00:29:45.634
hairdressers. And design is
basically advertising this.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3879-0
00:29:47.084 --> 00:29:51.838
This training courses we can
see, it's trilingual, so we have

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3879-1
00:29:51.838 --> 00:29:56.438
English again at the top. This
is a franchise or English is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3879-2
00:29:56.438 --> 00:30:00.808
prioritised, then this is
followed by Greek and last one

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3879-3
00:30:00.808 --> 00:30:02.034
we have Turkish.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3913-0
00:30:03.304 --> 00:30:07.187
Um, no, we interviewed because
this was the only one fine that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3913-1
00:30:07.187 --> 00:30:10.515
I found at that point in the
linguistic landscape. We

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3913-2
00:30:10.515 --> 00:30:14.089
interviewed the manager, the
Metris, and um, we wanted to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3913-3
00:30:14.089 --> 00:30:16.554
know a little bit more about
this sign.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3993-0
00:30:17.874 --> 00:30:22.326
So he said the reason I'm trying
to to read. Sorry. The reason

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3993-1
00:30:22.326 --> 00:30:26.778
that we did that is because they
asked for it, meaning that we

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3993-2
00:30:26.778 --> 00:30:30.735
had many inquiries from
prospective students that would

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3993-3
00:30:30.735 --> 00:30:34.833
enrol. So we were obliged to
have it to show that we want

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3993-4
00:30:34.833 --> 00:30:38.861
them. So basically his stating
that the only reason that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3993-5
00:30:38.861 --> 00:30:43.383
Turkish was used on the sign was
because this decision was made

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/3993-6
00:30:43.383 --> 00:30:47.764
by the company. Now what we see
from his discourse is how he.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4058-0
00:30:48.014 --> 00:30:52.594
Removes himself from the agency
of this act, claiming that the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4058-1
00:30:52.594 --> 00:30:57.175
decision is actually made by the
company and indicates that he

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4058-2
00:30:57.175 --> 00:31:01.464
had nothing to do and he's not
responsible for this choice

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4058-3
00:31:01.464 --> 00:31:06.189
personally. He then stated that
this was simply a business move,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4058-4
00:31:06.189 --> 00:31:10.188
hinting once again that he had
nothing to do with that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4058-5
00:31:10.188 --> 00:31:14.622
decision. So in this case we
kind of thought that we have an

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4058-6
00:31:14.622 --> 00:31:18.184
instance where language is a
burden. It's there.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4068-0
00:31:18.404 --> 00:31:21.814
They're forced to use it even if
they don't want to do it.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4092-0
00:31:24.864 --> 00:31:30.746
Now going further into the Greek
Cypriot community and trying to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4092-1
00:31:30.746 --> 00:31:36.174
understand a little bit the
absence of Turkish in the area.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4160-0
00:31:37.744 --> 00:31:41.742
We did a few um we discussed
that with a few of the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4160-1
00:31:41.742 --> 00:31:46.663
shopkeepers. So um, Elias is an
employee at a restaurant and he

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4160-2
00:31:46.663 --> 00:31:51.276
said we have actually many
customers who have extreme right

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4160-3
00:31:51.276 --> 00:31:55.966
wing views. So you automatically
lose those customers he was

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4160-4
00:31:55.966 --> 00:32:00.502
talking about using Turkish
basically. So if you count and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4160-5
00:32:00.502 --> 00:32:05.500
compare how many Turkish Cypriot
customers you have and how many

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4160-6
00:32:05.500 --> 00:32:07.114
of the others namely.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4187-0
00:32:07.194 --> 00:32:11.009
You're Cypriot, you do not risk
losing the Greek Cypriot, so as

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4187-1
00:32:11.009 --> 00:32:14.406
if there's no worth using
Turkish because you don't want

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4187-2
00:32:14.406 --> 00:32:17.564
to make those Greek secret
customers you have angry.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4264-0
00:32:18.854 --> 00:32:23.038
Um, Spiros also said something
else. He's he's the owner of a

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4264-1
00:32:23.038 --> 00:32:27.221
gift shop. He says there is some
prejudice. Now if I write in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4264-2
00:32:27.221 --> 00:32:31.134
Turkish at the end, they will
consider me to be a Turk. I

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4264-3
00:32:31.134 --> 00:32:35.317
don't know. This is how I take
it. I don't know. I think that

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4264-4
00:32:35.317 --> 00:32:39.568
people's psychology and is a bit
of hesitation there. And then

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4264-5
00:32:39.568 --> 00:32:43.751
finally, he says, I don't think
that they want to see Turkish

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4264-6
00:32:43.751 --> 00:32:46.854
words in this area talking about
his clients.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4338-0
00:32:47.854 --> 00:32:52.231
So it seems like the political
views of the Greek Cypriot

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4338-1
00:32:52.231 --> 00:32:56.607
community and the customer
profile of the shops seemed to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4338-2
00:32:56.607 --> 00:33:00.908
affect this shopkeeper's
language choices, kind of using

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4338-3
00:33:00.908 --> 00:33:05.435
Turkish on their signs would
mean using the language of the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4338-4
00:33:05.435 --> 00:33:09.887
enemy, and this would be a
strong reason for possible loss

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4338-5
00:33:09.887 --> 00:33:14.715
of Greek Cypriot customers due
to the political stances and the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4338-6
00:33:14.715 --> 00:33:17.884
strong nationalist ideologies
that exist.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4344-0
00:33:17.954 --> 00:33:20.074
In the Greek Cypriot community.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4366-0
00:33:22.564 --> 00:33:26.430
Delving deeper into this
exclusion again in the Greek

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4366-1
00:33:26.430 --> 00:33:31.154
Cypriot community, we found that
others had very strong personal.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4416-0
00:33:31.584 --> 00:33:36.129
Um, opinions about not using
turkeys the the quotes before

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4416-1
00:33:36.129 --> 00:33:40.982
was about the community has this
opinion, so I'm trying not to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4416-2
00:33:40.982 --> 00:33:45.526
use it to keep them happy, but
then we see that others had

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4416-3
00:33:45.526 --> 00:33:50.533
individual opinions, so this one
is a yanos. He's the owner of a

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4416-4
00:33:50.533 --> 00:33:51.534
leather shop.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4477-0
00:33:52.644 --> 00:33:56.119
And he says it's a good for the
business for the shop. But I

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4477-1
00:33:56.119 --> 00:33:59.366
personally wouldn't want to put
signs in Turkish. Do you

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4477-2
00:33:59.366 --> 00:34:02.670
understand what I'm trying to
tell you? I'm not as strong

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4477-3
00:34:02.670 --> 00:34:05.916
fanatic. This is another
interesting thing that we found

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4477-4
00:34:05.916 --> 00:34:09.163
in the Greek secret community.
There's also some kind of

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4477-5
00:34:09.163 --> 00:34:12.581
defence. I'm not a fanatic. I'm
not a racist. I'm not a bad

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4477-6
00:34:12.581 --> 00:34:13.264
person, but.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4479-0
00:34:14.114 --> 00:34:14.654
Um.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4529-0
00:34:15.964 --> 00:34:19.171
If someone comes and tells me
that they are Turkish Cypriot,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4529-1
00:34:19.171 --> 00:34:22.378
fine, I will welcome them. I
will treat them the same way as

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4529-2
00:34:22.378 --> 00:34:25.427
I treat anyone, but I wouldn't
promote my shop to Turkish

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4529-3
00:34:25.427 --> 00:34:28.318
people to encourage Turkish
people to come and shop. I

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4529-4
00:34:28.318 --> 00:34:31.104
wouldn't do that now. If they
come, they're welcome.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4540-0
00:34:32.584 --> 00:34:39.194
And possibly the strongest view
was expressed by Akhilesh.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4586-0
00:34:40.084 --> 00:34:44.756
Now I feel less. He's the owner
of an ice cream parlour and he's

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4586-1
00:34:44.756 --> 00:34:49.069
been in the area for more than
50 years. He experienced the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4586-2
00:34:49.069 --> 00:34:53.741
conflict. He experienced the war
a lot. So he was the person who

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4586-3
00:34:53.741 --> 00:34:57.334
had the strongest views, I think
in our data set.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-0
00:34:58.224 --> 00:35:02.252
So he starts by saying let me
tell you something I would never

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-1
00:35:02.252 --> 00:35:05.895
make an effort to attract
Turkish secret customers. They

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-2
00:35:05.895 --> 00:35:09.667
do come, they are welcome. But
I'm telling you that at the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-3
00:35:09.667 --> 00:35:13.438
bottom of my self. So he's
becoming very emotional at this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-4
00:35:13.438 --> 00:35:17.210
point. And it's not like I'm a
person who will hurt anyone

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-5
00:35:17.210 --> 00:35:21.173
against we have this defensive
view. It's just I cannot erase

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-6
00:35:21.173 --> 00:35:24.881
it. The conflict from my
feelings. I cannot forgive them.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4656-7
00:35:24.881 --> 00:35:28.524
Yes. You're trying to attract
them using their language.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4705-0
00:35:28.604 --> 00:35:32.185
That means that you want them,
and I don't want them. Do you

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4705-1
00:35:32.185 --> 00:35:35.825
understand? And if no one comes
to my shop, I don't care. But

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4705-2
00:35:35.825 --> 00:35:39.054
then he says something
interesting that when Talat, he

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4705-3
00:35:39.054 --> 00:35:42.869
was the president back then went
there and he invited him and he

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4705-4
00:35:42.869 --> 00:35:46.509
gave him an ice cream. So it's
quite interesting, ambivalence

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4705-5
00:35:46.509 --> 00:35:47.154
at the end.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4761-0
00:35:48.624 --> 00:35:52.891
But overall, there seem to be
very negative reactions towards

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4761-1
00:35:52.891 --> 00:35:56.950
Turkish, and this is linked to
the very strong nationalist

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4761-2
00:35:56.950 --> 00:36:01.148
ideologies that consider the
people across the divide us the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4761-3
00:36:01.148 --> 00:36:05.070
enemy as the ones responsible
for the conflict, and they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4761-4
00:36:05.070 --> 00:36:08.923
cannot forgive them, and
therefore they don't want them

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4761-5
00:36:08.923 --> 00:36:12.294
as customers, so they don't lose
their language.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4791-0
00:36:14.134 --> 00:36:20.567
Now we also thought that, um, we
did identify a little bit more

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4791-1
00:36:20.567 --> 00:36:26.898
positive. Um, um, ideas in our
data set that as a language, as

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4791-2
00:36:26.898 --> 00:36:28.104
a potential.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4796-0
00:36:28.454 --> 00:36:30.534
Um of reconciliation.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4806-0
00:36:31.654 --> 00:36:34.904
So this is our last theme that
we found.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4813-0
00:36:36.044 --> 00:36:38.524
In this example and beyond the.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4849-0
00:36:39.984 --> 00:36:44.138
Turkish Cypriots soup
shopkeeper's trying to use Greek

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4849-1
00:36:44.138 --> 00:36:48.442
to encourage more, more
business. We found this quote by

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4849-2
00:36:48.442 --> 00:36:53.049
sadien. So she's in an employee
in at a shop where they sell

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4849-3
00:36:53.049 --> 00:36:54.634
bags and accessories.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4861-0
00:36:55.524 --> 00:36:59.202
And she makes some very
interesting points. She actually

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4861-1
00:36:59.202 --> 00:36:59.524
says.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4870-0
00:37:01.124 --> 00:37:04.454
That is a mixed culture in
Cyprus.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4910-0
00:37:05.384 --> 00:37:09.161
And it has to be written, the
Greek must be written on the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4910-1
00:37:09.161 --> 00:37:13.002
sides because we are a mixed
culture. And actually she says

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4910-2
00:37:13.002 --> 00:37:16.970
that the welcome, this idea and
and the really appreciate the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4910-3
00:37:16.970 --> 00:37:19.274
idea. And this is how it should
be.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4953-0
00:37:20.384 --> 00:37:23.823
And then they go and and talk
about quick existence, he says.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4953-1
00:37:23.823 --> 00:37:27.262
I coexist with them here, and I
don't only serve you or serve

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4953-2
00:37:27.262 --> 00:37:30.701
them if I'm writing things for
you to understand. I also need

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4953-3
00:37:30.701 --> 00:37:33.862
to write it for them to
understand in this is normal and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/4953-4
00:37:33.862 --> 00:37:35.304
highlights this normality.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-0
00:37:36.294 --> 00:37:40.439
Lent his as a few things about
the signs and said pretend they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-1
00:37:40.439 --> 00:37:44.782
don't exist. The Greek Cypriots.
It's impossible. Just because we

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-2
00:37:44.782 --> 00:37:48.466
speak different languages or
have different religion or

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-3
00:37:48.466 --> 00:37:52.545
nationality. This is at least
something we need to change and

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-4
00:37:52.545 --> 00:37:56.624
impose to the next generation.
So it was quite interesting to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-5
00:37:56.624 --> 00:38:00.901
to find this attitude in our in
our data set. But despite the US

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-6
00:38:00.901 --> 00:38:04.980
versus them, this course, so
they argued that they, they need

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5027-7
00:38:04.980 --> 00:38:06.624
these multiple languages.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5036-0
00:38:06.694 --> 00:38:10.684
Some signs for the business, and
she even kind of.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5054-0
00:38:11.654 --> 00:38:15.518
Signal the possibility that we
need to and enlighten the the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5054-1
00:38:15.518 --> 00:38:17.924
next generation for things to
change.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5085-0
00:38:20.234 --> 00:38:23.959
I was hoping that I was gonna
find something similar in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5085-1
00:38:23.959 --> 00:38:27.497
Greek Cypriot community. I did
not, but I found a little

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5085-2
00:38:27.497 --> 00:38:28.924
something from Despina.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5107-0
00:38:29.924 --> 00:38:34.119
So that's been our they, she's
the shop owner of a shoe shop

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5107-1
00:38:34.119 --> 00:38:37.900
and she owns that with her
husband. And the husband is

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5107-2
00:38:37.900 --> 00:38:39.894
creating basically the signs.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-0
00:38:41.544 --> 00:38:45.303
So she just seems to express
some positive views towards

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-1
00:38:45.303 --> 00:38:49.061
coexistence with the Turkish
Cypriot, but she's not very

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-2
00:38:49.061 --> 00:38:52.819
willing to elaborate on her
thoughts. So we asked her if

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-3
00:38:52.819 --> 00:38:56.643
they would consider using
Turkish off on their shop front

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-4
00:38:56.643 --> 00:39:00.599
signs and her response was maybe
yes. Which was interesting

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-5
00:39:00.599 --> 00:39:04.555
because with other shopkeepers
that we have, the answer was

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-6
00:39:04.555 --> 00:39:08.511
basically no, I don't think so.
So we tried to understand a

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5177-7
00:39:08.511 --> 00:39:10.554
little bit why that's been out.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5206-0
00:39:11.194 --> 00:39:16.466
Would say maybe yes. So we asked
her why and she responded OK,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5206-1
00:39:16.466 --> 00:39:21.319
because some of them don't know
English. So to be able to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5206-2
00:39:21.319 --> 00:39:26.004
understand if I knew Turkish, I
would. So that kind of.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5226-0
00:39:26.424 --> 00:39:29.746
Um makes us interesting, so we
ask there. Are you gonna wear?

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5226-1
00:39:29.746 --> 00:39:33.068
You're interested in learning
Turkish? Said. Well, maybe it's

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5226-2
00:39:33.068 --> 00:39:34.514
just I don't have the time.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-0
00:39:35.504 --> 00:39:39.462
And then we asked them her. Uh,
do you think it would be

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-1
00:39:39.462 --> 00:39:43.627
beneficial or a problem if
Turkish is used on on signs? And

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-2
00:39:43.627 --> 00:39:47.793
she said no, but she's not
elaborate, so we keep pushing to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-3
00:39:47.793 --> 00:39:51.889
to get a little bit from from
their spinach and eventually

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-4
00:39:51.889 --> 00:39:55.916
says it's both positive and
negative positive for Turkish

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-5
00:39:55.916 --> 00:40:00.498
Cypriots, but who will feel that
they are more welcome if you are

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-6
00:40:00.498 --> 00:40:04.941
Turkish letters but negatively
for the ones who do not want the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5298-7
00:40:04.941 --> 00:40:05.774
coexistence?

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-0
00:40:05.844 --> 00:40:09.599
Like Turkish Cypriots? And then
we ask, who are these people?

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-1
00:40:09.599 --> 00:40:13.415
And at this point, she starts
being a little bit uncomfortable

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-2
00:40:13.415 --> 00:40:17.170
and laughing. It says Ohh, you
ask me those things. There are

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-3
00:40:17.170 --> 00:40:21.046
many people who don't want this
and this is well, no. So again,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-4
00:40:21.046 --> 00:40:24.922
we might see little attempt from
test spin out to kind of think

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-5
00:40:24.922 --> 00:40:28.797
about coexistence and learn each
other's language and maybe put

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-6
00:40:28.797 --> 00:40:32.734
it on science. But against this
dominant ideologies, nationalist

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-7
00:40:32.734 --> 00:40:36.489
ideologies that exist in the
Greek Cypriot community will not

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5374-8
00:40:36.489 --> 00:40:37.094
allow her.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5377-0
00:40:37.304 --> 00:40:38.604
To to do that.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5384-0
00:40:42.734 --> 00:40:45.664
So going to the conclusions now.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5456-0
00:40:48.144 --> 00:40:52.204
Our study demonstrates that um
social actors, namely the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5456-1
00:40:52.204 --> 00:40:55.979
shopkeepers, interact with
public signs and how they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5456-2
00:40:55.979 --> 00:41:00.395
contribute to the shaping of the
linguistic landscape in this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5456-3
00:41:00.395 --> 00:41:04.883
divided city. So the linguistic
landscape the public signs are

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5456-4
00:41:04.883 --> 00:41:09.227
created by governments they're
created by, by people, and in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5456-5
00:41:09.227 --> 00:41:13.715
this case, we see specifically
the shop shopkeeper's, how they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5456-6
00:41:13.715 --> 00:41:17.774
kind of influence the shape of
the linguistic landscape.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5524-0
00:41:18.884 --> 00:41:23.907
So we demonstrate that decisions
on which language to use on shop

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5524-1
00:41:23.907 --> 00:41:28.320
front signs are very, very
complex and in many cases they

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5524-2
00:41:28.320 --> 00:41:32.734
seem to be influenced by
individual decisions made by the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5524-3
00:41:32.734 --> 00:41:37.451
shopkeepers, which in turn are
affected by their own economic

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5524-4
00:41:37.451 --> 00:41:41.941
needs and the ideological
stances both their own and those

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5524-5
00:41:41.941 --> 00:41:46.354
of their community in relation
to the conflict in Cyprus.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5526-0
00:41:51.884 --> 00:41:52.124
OK.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5570-0
00:41:53.004 --> 00:41:57.398
So shopkeepers, as we saw in the
north in Arasta Street, are

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5570-1
00:41:57.398 --> 00:42:01.719
anxious about their economic
gains and they want to attract

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5570-2
00:42:01.719 --> 00:42:05.897
customers. This is due to the
embargo. This is due to the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5570-3
00:42:05.897 --> 00:42:10.218
restrictions applied to the
investment and commerce in this

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5570-4
00:42:10.218 --> 00:42:11.514
unrecognised part.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5624-0
00:42:12.894 --> 00:42:16.894
The shopkeepers are using their
linguistic capitals in the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5624-1
00:42:16.894 --> 00:42:21.300
language of the former enemy to
the fullest, even if they're not

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5624-2
00:42:21.300 --> 00:42:25.232
proficient in it. They're
they're trying in an attempt to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5624-3
00:42:25.232 --> 00:42:29.164
attract customers from the
South. So in this context, the

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5624-4
00:42:29.164 --> 00:42:33.366
Greek language is prestigious
and it is economically valuable

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5624-5
00:42:33.366 --> 00:42:35.264
for the people in the north.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5676-0
00:42:36.934 --> 00:42:41.754
On the other side of the border,
we have linguistic gatekeeping

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5676-1
00:42:41.754 --> 00:42:45.821
um in the Greek Cypriot
community, and as we've seen,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5676-2
00:42:45.821 --> 00:42:50.339
that the visibility of Turkish
being almost nonexistent. So

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5676-3
00:42:50.339 --> 00:42:55.008
shopkeepers in Lidras were not
concerned about losing Turkish

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5676-4
00:42:55.008 --> 00:42:59.452
secret customers due to the
prosperity they enjoy by being

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5676-5
00:42:59.452 --> 00:43:02.614
in the eurozone and also
internationally.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5740-0
00:43:04.084 --> 00:43:08.568
We also found that their
linguistic choices are motivated

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5740-1
00:43:08.568 --> 00:43:13.592
by either fear of using Turkish,
because what will the Community

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5740-2
00:43:13.592 --> 00:43:17.998
say? It is a betrayal, or by
their own very, very strong

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5740-3
00:43:17.998 --> 00:43:22.326
political ideological stances.
So in this case, Turkish

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5740-4
00:43:22.326 --> 00:43:26.732
language is seen as illegitimate
as worthless and has no

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5740-5
00:43:26.732 --> 00:43:29.514
immediate economic return or
value.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5786-0
00:43:30.844 --> 00:43:34.935
Now our interviews. We're gonna
just the last point. Our

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5786-1
00:43:34.935 --> 00:43:39.242
interviews with the shopkeepers
in both sides of the divide

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5786-2
00:43:39.242 --> 00:43:43.404
indicated that this kind of
public policies are basically

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5786-3
00:43:43.404 --> 00:43:47.280
missing in terms of guiding in
terms of regulating or

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5786-4
00:43:47.280 --> 00:43:50.294
encouraging multilingualism in
in Cyprus.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5852-0
00:43:51.214 --> 00:43:55.469
So one of the most important
implications of our study,

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5852-1
00:43:55.469 --> 00:44:00.406
therefore would be to highlight
the need of of such policies, as

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5852-2
00:44:00.406 --> 00:44:04.812
we see how the motivations of
using or not using specific

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5852-3
00:44:04.812 --> 00:44:09.446
languages in in the area are
driven not just by economic but

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5852-4
00:44:09.446 --> 00:44:13.624
also by ideological and
political factors. So the last

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5852-5
00:44:13.624 --> 00:44:18.410
thing I want to say is that in,
in this regard, our suggestion

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5852-6
00:44:18.410 --> 00:44:22.284
is for directions and
regulations to be developed.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5879-0
00:44:22.354 --> 00:44:25.856
For the promotion of
multilingual practises to

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5879-1
00:44:25.856 --> 00:44:30.103
reflect the cosmopolitan
character of the area, but also

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5879-2
00:44:30.103 --> 00:44:33.903
keeping in mind the
sensitivities that exist in in

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5879-3
00:44:33.903 --> 00:44:35.914
the in the two communities.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5895-0
00:44:37.444 --> 00:44:41.692
So thank you very much. Just to
give you some selected

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5895-1
00:44:41.692 --> 00:44:45.784
references, if there's anything
that you would like.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5926-0
00:44:47.144 --> 00:44:50.850
That is not on the slide. Then
I'm happy to to show more more

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5926-1
00:44:50.850 --> 00:44:54.496
references and I'm very much
looking forward to hearing your

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5926-2
00:44:54.496 --> 00:44:57.484
feedback and your questions.
Thank you very much.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5948-0
00:44:59.484 --> 00:45:03.384
Thank you very much for your
presentation. Christiana, I am

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5931-0
00:44:59.724 --> 00:45:00.174
Thank you.

c4a89787-bf59-442c-8e2d-cc8741ff2204/5948-1
00:45:03.384 --> 00:45:06.764
going to stop the recording now
for the discussion.