WEBVTT 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/28-0 00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:11.270 We go. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/33-0 00:00:12.800 --> 00:00:13.370 Yes. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/32-0 00:00:12.860 --> 00:00:13.260 Got it. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/90-0 00:00:14.220 --> 00:00:18.128 Excellent. So well, hello, good afternoon, good evening. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/90-1 00:00:18.128 --> 00:00:22.584 Depending on where you are, let me first begin by thanking them. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/90-2 00:00:22.584 --> 00:00:26.149 Migration, identity and translation network for the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/90-3 00:00:26.149 --> 00:00:29.714 opportunity to to present a disseminate serious and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/90-4 00:00:29.714 --> 00:00:34.171 particularly to Helena Wall for making it possible and extending 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/90-5 00:00:34.171 --> 00:00:38.010 this invitation to me. So thank you very much for that. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/125-0 00:00:39.520 --> 00:00:43.481 Today I'm going to be talking about the previous research 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/125-1 00:00:43.481 --> 00:00:47.442 project of mine, about job interviews and performances of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/125-2 00:00:47.442 --> 00:00:51.812 professional self or identities and multilingual repertoires in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/125-3 00:00:51.812 --> 00:00:52.700 this context. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/127-0 00:00:53.580 --> 00:00:54.520 Umm. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/142-0 00:00:56.390 --> 00:00:59.191 In this, in this particular talk, I'm going to be focusing 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/142-1 00:00:59.191 --> 00:01:00.710 on how multilingual repertoires. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/190-0 00:01:00.830 --> 00:01:04.975 Umm figured in recruitment processes as both requirements 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/190-1 00:01:04.975 --> 00:01:09.192 for employment as well as competitive assets or advantages 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/190-2 00:01:09.192 --> 00:01:13.551 in gaining access to the labor market. And fundamentally, as 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/190-3 00:01:13.551 --> 00:01:18.126 part of the linguistic penalty, Celia Roberts has study and I'm 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/190-4 00:01:18.126 --> 00:01:22.700 sure I've heard that you've been exploring through this seminar 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/190-5 00:01:22.700 --> 00:01:23.200 series. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/221-0 00:01:24.190 --> 00:01:28.079 Let me tell you a bit about the background for my project. I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/221-1 00:01:28.079 --> 00:01:31.586 became interested in job interviews at all after I had 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/221-2 00:01:31.586 --> 00:01:35.412 been part of of of a reset project conducted in Norway that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/221-3 00:01:35.412 --> 00:01:36.050 looked at. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-0 00:01:36.130 --> 00:01:40.192 The the uh the experiences of migrants living in Norway. It 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-1 00:01:40.192 --> 00:01:43.915 was a project called Up language, Culture and identity 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-2 00:01:43.915 --> 00:01:47.436 in migrant narratives, and I decided to look at the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-3 00:01:47.436 --> 00:01:51.362 experiences of Latin American migrants living in Oslo and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-4 00:01:51.362 --> 00:01:55.221 having a very focused on narrative and stories and their 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-5 00:01:55.221 --> 00:01:59.487 lived experiences. And one of the findings of this project was 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-6 00:01:59.487 --> 00:02:02.939 that I obtained several non elicited job interview 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-7 00:02:02.939 --> 00:02:07.001 narratives, particularly as answers to very general or open 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/305-8 00:02:07.001 --> 00:02:08.220 questions such as. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-0 00:02:08.760 --> 00:02:12.678 What was bad experience from that first time in Norway, or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-1 00:02:12.678 --> 00:02:16.729 what was something that you're strong experience to remember 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-2 00:02:16.729 --> 00:02:20.647 very well from that time or something on that light and it 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-3 00:02:20.647 --> 00:02:24.898 became obvious I got several job interview narratives that were 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-4 00:02:24.898 --> 00:02:29.082 told skillfully and creating a lot of engagement. And it was a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-5 00:02:29.082 --> 00:02:33.066 focus group kind of interview. And it became obvious for me 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-6 00:02:33.066 --> 00:02:36.785 that that job interviews were really a key situation in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/394-7 00:02:36.785 --> 00:02:40.770 gumpaste terms, to look closer into in order to understand. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/396-0 00:02:40.860 --> 00:02:41.230 Sort of. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/432-0 00:02:42.430 --> 00:02:46.701 Migrants own experiences, not just us. The object of discourse 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/432-1 00:02:46.701 --> 00:02:50.633 and how people talk about how what it is being becoming a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/432-2 00:02:50.633 --> 00:02:54.837 living through migration, but also as a subject experience in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/432-3 00:02:54.837 --> 00:02:55.040 it. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-0 00:02:57.400 --> 00:03:01.164 After all, gaining access to employment or just labor in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-1 00:03:01.164 --> 00:03:05.258 entails it. It is a traumatic experience because entails both 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-2 00:03:05.258 --> 00:03:09.287 gaining access to remunerated work, emonic, independence and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-3 00:03:09.287 --> 00:03:13.447 ethers of rights associated to belonging, to to being a member 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-4 00:03:13.447 --> 00:03:17.277 of the world, for state in Norway, for example, that once 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-5 00:03:17.277 --> 00:03:20.777 you have become employed, then you have the right to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-6 00:03:20.777 --> 00:03:24.739 unemployment benefits, among other things. So it's really a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/505-7 00:03:24.739 --> 00:03:25.730 very important. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/520-0 00:03:27.310 --> 00:03:30.590 And part of that, that experience of of moving and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/520-1 00:03:30.590 --> 00:03:32.070 settling another place. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/548-0 00:03:32.860 --> 00:03:36.127 So employment is a central atomic the in the field of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/548-1 00:03:36.127 --> 00:03:39.758 migration and the field of language and of multilingualism, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/548-2 00:03:39.758 --> 00:03:43.025 something that is often presented A-frame as the most 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/548-3 00:03:43.025 --> 00:03:43.630 important. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/605-0 00:03:43.710 --> 00:03:47.523 Have challenge to to the survival of the welfare state in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/605-1 00:03:47.523 --> 00:03:51.795 Western Europe. I'm not. I think that you're having some similar 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/605-2 00:03:51.795 --> 00:03:56.002 debates in the in the UK as we are having in Norway that really 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/605-3 00:03:56.002 --> 00:04:00.210 employment is central for for to continue to to have the living 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/605-4 00:04:00.210 --> 00:04:04.285 standards we we we have had in this country in the context of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/605-5 00:04:04.285 --> 00:04:05.600 increased migration. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/613-0 00:04:06.360 --> 00:04:10.050 Umm, I'm sorry, I have really forgotten about. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/617-0 00:04:11.370 --> 00:04:12.380 The PowerPoint. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/620-0 00:04:14.250 --> 00:04:15.290 Umm. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-0 00:04:18.470 --> 00:04:22.567 In the case of countries of the global N migrants as a group 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-1 00:04:22.567 --> 00:04:26.933 show lower participation in the labor monk and and higher levels 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-2 00:04:26.933 --> 00:04:30.896 of on on underemployment. In this I'm sort of referring to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-3 00:04:30.896 --> 00:04:35.061 the brilliant research, but by Celia Roberts in context of by 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-4 00:04:35.061 --> 00:04:39.292 Misha flowback and Switzerland by Maria Rosario Sada in Spain. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-5 00:04:39.292 --> 00:04:43.323 Like we see sort of some of the same recurrent topics of of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-6 00:04:43.323 --> 00:04:46.278 higher migration rates and higher levels of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-7 00:04:46.278 --> 00:04:50.308 underemployment. That is people are overqualified for their 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/694-8 00:04:50.308 --> 00:04:50.980 positions. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-0 00:04:51.210 --> 00:04:55.581 And when addressing this issues both in political discourse, in, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-1 00:04:55.581 --> 00:04:59.684 in policy, and even often in research, language is presented 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-2 00:04:59.684 --> 00:05:03.920 as a central topic, as the key to solving this puzzle. Just if 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-3 00:05:03.920 --> 00:05:07.888 people are there, there, there is this sort of explanatory 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-4 00:05:07.888 --> 00:05:11.721 model that says that the the, the root of the problem of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-5 00:05:11.721 --> 00:05:15.689 migrant struggling to gain access or to regain access once 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-6 00:05:15.689 --> 00:05:19.657 they lost employment in the receiving society is that they 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/780-7 00:05:19.657 --> 00:05:22.280 have lower levels of formal education. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-0 00:05:22.460 --> 00:05:26.375 Either that they have lower levels of training or they have 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-1 00:05:26.375 --> 00:05:30.551 not higher than they do not have higher education, or that they 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-2 00:05:30.551 --> 00:05:34.400 do not have a lot of work experience, or that they're work 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-3 00:05:34.400 --> 00:05:38.446 experience is not particularly relevant for the context where 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-4 00:05:38.446 --> 00:05:42.491 they work. And importantly for this case, also low competence 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-5 00:05:42.491 --> 00:05:45.819 of the majority language necessary to work is also 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-6 00:05:45.819 --> 00:05:49.081 presented. One of the key elements. So after this 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/856-7 00:05:49.081 --> 00:05:52.670 presenting sort of this field that sort of emerge the. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/920-0 00:05:52.750 --> 00:05:56.861 Through my research in front of me, I I I became interested in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/920-1 00:05:56.861 --> 00:06:00.972 in what role language played in this process is I wanted to to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/920-2 00:06:00.972 --> 00:06:04.692 look closer into this question in an region context as a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/920-3 00:06:04.692 --> 00:06:08.020 society that has often been described as a social, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/920-4 00:06:08.020 --> 00:06:12.327 linguistic parasite in paradise, where dialectal variation is not 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/920-5 00:06:12.327 --> 00:06:15.982 only very much present in all domains of life, but even 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/920-6 00:06:15.982 --> 00:06:16.830 celebrate it. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/952-0 00:06:17.560 --> 00:06:21.080 And also where you have it, the Scandinavian dialectal continuum 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/952-1 00:06:21.080 --> 00:06:23.951 that provides passive comprehension with the initial 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/952-2 00:06:23.951 --> 00:06:27.255 Swedish. So they're they're multilingualism, is present in a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/952-3 00:06:27.255 --> 00:06:28.880 way that makes it interesting. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/989-0 00:06:29.660 --> 00:06:32.865 Umm so my question when approaching recruitment 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/989-1 00:06:32.865 --> 00:06:37.205 processes and job interviews was what role did let that language 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/989-2 00:06:37.205 --> 00:06:41.478 play in hiring practices and how we're multilingual competences 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/989-3 00:06:41.478 --> 00:06:45.351 conceived, measured and dealt with in the process of this 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/989-4 00:06:45.351 --> 00:06:47.020 recruitment processes so. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1037-0 00:06:47.950 --> 00:06:51.934 No Norwegian or Norway has historically playing well a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1037-1 00:06:51.934 --> 00:06:56.281 fairly homogeneous society, or it has been imagined in that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1037-2 00:06:56.281 --> 00:07:00.410 way. There has direct our historical minority groups and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1037-3 00:07:00.410 --> 00:07:04.975 indigenous groups in the North, but but still there, the newer 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1037-4 00:07:04.975 --> 00:07:07.800 forms of migration was something that. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1062-0 00:07:09.050 --> 00:07:13.609 Related to to to work migration primarily did not started 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1062-1 00:07:13.609 --> 00:07:18.404 arriving in the country in the 70s, very much connected with 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1062-2 00:07:18.404 --> 00:07:19.740 the oil industry. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1118-0 00:07:20.340 --> 00:07:25.045 Umm, this letter with the economic success also connected 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1118-1 00:07:25.045 --> 00:07:30.157 to oil and energy policies in the country, Norway has received 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1118-2 00:07:30.157 --> 00:07:35.430 higher numbers of work migrants as well as refugees, becoming an 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1118-3 00:07:35.430 --> 00:07:39.811 increasingly more diverse, more multilingual and more 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1118-4 00:07:39.811 --> 00:07:44.354 multicultural society, particular after the 2000s. It's 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1118-5 00:07:44.354 --> 00:07:45.490 been a rather. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1146-0 00:07:45.940 --> 00:07:51.006 And dramatic change compared to many other contexts where has a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1146-1 00:07:51.006 --> 00:07:55.993 colonial history and past, for example, as of Argentina, where 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1146-2 00:07:55.993 --> 00:07:59.080 come from, or Spain or even the UK so. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1190-0 00:07:59.860 --> 00:08:04.350 When I wanted to look closer at this, issues of migration work 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1190-1 00:08:04.350 --> 00:08:08.697 and language I I was really puzzled about the role perceived 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1190-2 00:08:08.697 --> 00:08:12.830 qualifications plate. So I decided to design a project so 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1190-3 00:08:12.830 --> 00:08:16.180 that I could sort of distinguish between this. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-0 00:08:16.660 --> 00:08:21.040 Uh idea of what? What education and work qualifications migrants 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-1 00:08:21.040 --> 00:08:25.151 have and what are the linguistic competences, so I wanted to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-2 00:08:25.151 --> 00:08:28.924 distinguish on language qualifications. So I designed a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-3 00:08:28.924 --> 00:08:32.765 research project to study recruitment processes for that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-4 00:08:32.765 --> 00:08:36.606 looked at the protected profession. I mean, I don't know 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-5 00:08:36.606 --> 00:08:40.852 if that's the term is not OK, but a protected profession would 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-6 00:08:40.852 --> 00:08:44.962 be something that you have to buy on Abilitation title. That 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1261-7 00:08:44.962 --> 00:08:46.310 would be you cannot. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-0 00:08:46.390 --> 00:08:50.333 Like I can call myself a coach without necessarily having the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-1 00:08:50.333 --> 00:08:53.832 degree to be a coach, but I cannot call myself a civil 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-2 00:08:53.832 --> 00:08:57.839 engineer or a medical doctor or a nurse, right? I have to have 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-3 00:08:57.839 --> 00:09:01.973 an ability to degree that allows me to practice that profession. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-4 00:09:01.973 --> 00:09:05.599 So my idea would be that, OK, if we look at one of these 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-5 00:09:05.599 --> 00:09:09.606 professions and then migrants are people wanting to migrate to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-6 00:09:09.606 --> 00:09:13.549 Norway to apply it to one of the spots, they would have to go 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1341-7 00:09:13.549 --> 00:09:17.620 through the process of getting recognition for their education. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1381-0 00:09:18.140 --> 00:09:23.856 So Long story short, that is how it ended up looking at medical 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1381-1 00:09:23.856 --> 00:09:28.947 doctors and in a sense I was rather lucky with my timing 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1381-2 00:09:28.947 --> 00:09:34.485 because as I was set it out to to, to, to do my field work in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1381-3 00:09:34.485 --> 00:09:39.040 Norway was implementing changings to their medical 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1381-4 00:09:39.040 --> 00:09:40.380 internship. So. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1402-0 00:09:41.050 --> 00:09:44.715 A short notice. Uh, a short note on the original health system 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1402-1 00:09:44.715 --> 00:09:47.450 and and the training of of of medical doctors. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1411-0 00:09:47.540 --> 00:09:51.860 And the residency is sort of the practical part of. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1435-0 00:09:52.300 --> 00:09:56.669 Uh, the medical training young doctors go through to become, to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1435-1 00:09:56.669 --> 00:10:01.107 become professional doctors, and it's usually what happens after 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1435-2 00:10:01.107 --> 00:10:01.790 they they. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1470-0 00:10:02.500 --> 00:10:06.027 They graduate. They have to go in, uh, a residence for a year 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1470-1 00:10:06.027 --> 00:10:09.212 and a half long uh, where they're hired. They spend one 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1470-2 00:10:09.212 --> 00:10:12.455 year in residence at the hospital at since six months in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1470-3 00:10:12.455 --> 00:10:13.820 the in the local clinic. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1506-0 00:10:16.300 --> 00:10:20.800 The the health system in in Northwest predominantly public 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1506-1 00:10:20.800 --> 00:10:25.454 the higher education system is also predominantly public. So 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1506-2 00:10:25.454 --> 00:10:30.183 it's really organized nationally by the health department. So 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1506-3 00:10:30.183 --> 00:10:32.090 then the idea is that by. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1540-0 00:10:32.170 --> 00:10:35.827 Umm. Installing the system then people students will get the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1540-1 00:10:35.827 --> 00:10:39.783 training they need and then they would also spend one year in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1540-2 00:10:39.783 --> 00:10:43.201 hospital and then go six months to a local clinic in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1540-3 00:10:43.201 --> 00:10:43.980 municipality. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1564-0 00:10:44.500 --> 00:10:47.914 And I don't know how familiar you are with the geography of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1564-1 00:10:47.914 --> 00:10:51.385 Norway, but if you have the United Kingdom here and you have 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1564-2 00:10:51.385 --> 00:10:53.320 Denmark, will Norway is a fairly. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-0 00:10:54.710 --> 00:10:58.118 Long stretched out country with a rather small population 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-1 00:10:58.118 --> 00:11:01.526 population of barely 5 million people, and there's a very 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-2 00:11:01.526 --> 00:11:05.346 active population policy that we want people to live in. All the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-3 00:11:05.346 --> 00:11:08.813 small places all over the country. So then you really need 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-4 00:11:08.813 --> 00:11:12.398 to have a medical doctors and universities and school really 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-5 00:11:12.398 --> 00:11:15.982 throughout the entire shore of the country and entire entire 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-6 00:11:15.982 --> 00:11:19.508 country. And this is sometimes challenge. So by having this 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1636-7 00:11:19.508 --> 00:11:21.800 medical internship system sort of the. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-0 00:11:21.880 --> 00:11:25.831 The the, The It's it's important for how everything for this the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-1 00:11:25.831 --> 00:11:29.417 system works and that you secure that people are receiving 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-2 00:11:29.417 --> 00:11:32.639 training and that they're working as medical doctors 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-3 00:11:32.639 --> 00:11:36.408 across the country. Historically this post were assigned by a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-4 00:11:36.408 --> 00:11:40.116 lottery system. So then if you graduate as a doctor then you 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-5 00:11:40.116 --> 00:11:43.824 register to get a residency post and then just a Big Lottery 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-6 00:11:43.824 --> 00:11:47.714 system and then the higher the first numbers the first they get 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-7 00:11:47.714 --> 00:11:51.422 a number get to choose where they go. So they probably would 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1726-8 00:11:51.422 --> 00:11:52.820 go to the more central. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1748-0 00:11:52.910 --> 00:11:57.177 Areas of the country closer to a bigger city and then the more 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1748-1 00:11:57.177 --> 00:12:01.174 remote areas will get sort of covered less, but that would 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1748-2 00:12:01.174 --> 00:12:03.680 house the system was organized then. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-0 00:12:04.530 --> 00:12:08.244 What started to happen with Internet internationalization 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-1 00:12:08.244 --> 00:12:12.343 and with an increasing uh number or an and the higher number of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-2 00:12:12.343 --> 00:12:15.738 mobility in Europe and particularly from Scandinavia 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-3 00:12:15.738 --> 00:12:19.644 that were more and more young doctors were applying to enter 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-4 00:12:19.644 --> 00:12:23.295 the medical internship. So I think that by the year 2011 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-5 00:12:23.295 --> 00:12:27.266 there were twice as many newly graduated Norwegian doctors as 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-6 00:12:27.266 --> 00:12:31.172 available post or they were twice as many people at entering 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-7 00:12:31.172 --> 00:12:35.015 them. And the lottery system than they were posed because a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1829-8 00:12:35.015 --> 00:12:36.040 few good get it. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1879-0 00:12:36.130 --> 00:12:39.609 Your degree recognized on the few hot sort of complete the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1879-1 00:12:39.609 --> 00:12:43.148 language requirements and you qualify it for a post and you 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1879-2 00:12:43.148 --> 00:12:46.627 just got into the lottery and you gotta post and you got a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1879-3 00:12:46.627 --> 00:12:50.225 year and a half contract with very nice salary in Norway. So 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1879-4 00:12:50.225 --> 00:12:53.527 it was a very attractive entrance to to to to the labor 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1879-5 00:12:53.527 --> 00:12:53.940 market. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1886-0 00:12:54.010 --> 00:12:55.990 For them, what happened? 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1899-0 00:12:55.340 --> 00:12:59.162 I think the yeah, I think I think we're a little behind on 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1899-1 00:12:59.162 --> 00:12:59.810 the slide. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1898-0 00:12:59.570 --> 00:12:59.870 Ohh. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1901-0 00:13:00.740 --> 00:13:01.370 Points. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1905-0 00:13:01.910 --> 00:13:03.300 OK, where are you? 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1912-0 00:13:04.560 --> 00:13:07.100 I think we're just hitting the overflow bit. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1915-0 00:13:08.860 --> 00:13:09.500 OK. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1921-0 00:13:11.900 --> 00:13:13.130 OK, good. We're on it. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1923-0 00:13:13.700 --> 00:13:14.240 Yeah. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1991-0 00:13:15.030 --> 00:13:19.964 Kit. So then with the with the, the EU directive of 2005, then 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1991-1 00:13:19.964 --> 00:13:24.820 made the automatic recognition of professional qualifications 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1991-2 00:13:24.820 --> 00:13:29.754 across the globe, particularly medical professions. Then there 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1991-3 00:13:29.754 --> 00:13:34.532 was more flexibility for you, newly graduated professionals, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1991-4 00:13:34.532 --> 00:13:39.074 to move across borders, which also increase the number of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1991-5 00:13:39.074 --> 00:13:43.460 candidates applying to the residency system and created 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/1991-6 00:13:43.460 --> 00:13:45.340 what was rather sort of. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2031-0 00:13:45.460 --> 00:13:48.978 Unique situation compared to many other European countries 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2031-1 00:13:48.978 --> 00:13:52.496 that there was an overflow of medical doctors entering the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2031-2 00:13:52.496 --> 00:13:56.313 residence system and mainly the problem as it was conceived was 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2031-3 00:13:56.313 --> 00:14:00.189 that there were a lot of foreign doctors applying and because of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2031-4 00:14:00.189 --> 00:14:03.290 EU regulations, Norway cannot discriminate against. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-0 00:14:03.390 --> 00:14:07.954 A foreign trained doctors on the basis of how they could apply. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-1 00:14:07.954 --> 00:14:11.734 And since it wasn't a recruitment process, they have 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-2 00:14:11.734 --> 00:14:16.227 to take in all candidates that were qualified to to get a post 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-3 00:14:16.227 --> 00:14:20.719 in this lottery system. So as I started doing my field work, I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-4 00:14:20.719 --> 00:14:24.927 got a I got to see how the Norwegian authorities want from 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-5 00:14:24.927 --> 00:14:29.420 the lottery based system that was obliged to sort of give jobs 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-6 00:14:29.420 --> 00:14:33.414 to everyone that qualified to be registered to create a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2106-7 00:14:33.414 --> 00:14:34.840 recruitment process. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2169-0 00:14:34.940 --> 00:14:39.276 Based on labor market, so hospitals and municipalities 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2169-1 00:14:39.276 --> 00:14:43.298 where would create job announcements and those job 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2169-2 00:14:43.298 --> 00:14:47.950 announcements would then go out and people would apply and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2169-3 00:14:47.950 --> 00:14:52.523 institutions would select candidates would not be obliged 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2169-4 00:14:52.523 --> 00:14:57.175 to provide positions anymore. So one of the most important 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2169-5 00:14:57.175 --> 00:15:01.905 changes in this in how this system would now work from this 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2169-6 00:15:01.905 --> 00:15:05.690 moment is that prior to the change you have to. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2197-0 00:15:05.790 --> 00:15:09.580 The document that Norwegian proficiency you have to have a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2197-1 00:15:09.580 --> 00:15:13.755 see one exam or something of the like to be able to register for 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2197-2 00:15:13.755 --> 00:15:16.260 that residency. But in the new system. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2202-0 00:15:17.440 --> 00:15:20.230 You it was really not. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2208-0 00:15:20.310 --> 00:15:24.560 The IT was not formal and. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2216-0 00:15:26.930 --> 00:15:29.230 Requirements are needed to be documented. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2218-0 00:15:30.290 --> 00:15:31.320 Umm. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-0 00:15:39.820 --> 00:15:43.749 This is from the Norwegian health department. Under the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-1 00:15:43.749 --> 00:15:47.959 criteria they establish what formal requirements candidates 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-2 00:15:47.959 --> 00:15:51.959 needed to have one hired as a as a resident in in in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-3 00:15:51.959 --> 00:15:56.309 Norwegian residence system, they had to have authorization to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-4 00:15:56.309 --> 00:16:00.449 work as a medical doctor, and they have to have sufficient 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-5 00:16:00.449 --> 00:16:04.869 knowledge of Norwegian to secure proper professional practice. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-6 00:16:04.869 --> 00:16:08.798 Now what's sufficient knowledge and proper professional 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2287-7 00:16:08.798 --> 00:16:09.430 practice? 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2303-0 00:16:09.770 --> 00:16:14.241 Are how they should be measured or addressed. Is not defined or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2303-1 00:16:14.241 --> 00:16:14.940 specified. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-0 00:16:15.970 --> 00:16:19.213 In the document for 2013, they write under Point B, being 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-1 00:16:19.213 --> 00:16:22.400 sufficient knowledge of Norwegian to secure professional 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-2 00:16:22.400 --> 00:16:25.866 practice thereout that employs themselves must establish what 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-3 00:16:25.866 --> 00:16:28.885 should count as sufficient knowledge of Norwegian for 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-4 00:16:28.885 --> 00:16:31.792 clinical work and patient contact. The authorities. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-5 00:16:31.792 --> 00:16:34.868 Language requirements are advisory municipalities, and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-6 00:16:34.868 --> 00:16:38.446 hospitals will thus be free to impose stricter requirements for 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2380-7 00:16:38.446 --> 00:16:40.850 language tests and language comprehension. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2382-0 00:16:41.560 --> 00:16:42.150 So. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-0 00:16:42.920 --> 00:16:47.159 In short, the new internship system I was studying the job 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-1 00:16:47.159 --> 00:16:51.614 interview had now become some sort of language testing arena. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-2 00:16:51.614 --> 00:16:55.854 I'm I'm sorry in in, in, in a sense that now it was not no 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-3 00:16:55.854 --> 00:17:00.094 longer a formal requirement that I have to show AC1 or AC2 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-4 00:17:00.094 --> 00:17:04.836 results in language testing, but rather that they have to. It was 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-5 00:17:04.836 --> 00:17:09.147 up to the employees themselves to establish how the kind is 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-6 00:17:09.147 --> 00:17:13.243 going to to record to, to prove their proficiency in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2468-7 00:17:13.243 --> 00:17:13.890 language. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2484-0 00:17:14.770 --> 00:17:20.045 UM in the later document from the Ministry of, but I I found 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2484-1 00:17:20.045 --> 00:17:22.120 they also discussed how. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-0 00:17:23.240 --> 00:17:26.527 How they old requirements that were in place before were 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-1 00:17:26.527 --> 00:17:30.103 actually insufficient, because even when doctors had obtained 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-2 00:17:30.103 --> 00:17:33.621 the C1 or C2 level, it actually showed that in practice they 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-3 00:17:33.621 --> 00:17:36.908 were not proficient enough, and they even challenged and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-4 00:17:36.908 --> 00:17:40.715 authorities to to to test and to implement stricter requirements. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-5 00:17:40.715 --> 00:17:44.290 It is important and I'm reading from this guidelines from the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-6 00:17:44.290 --> 00:17:47.232 health department. It is important that spoken and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-7 00:17:47.232 --> 00:17:50.461 written knowledge of Norwegian can be documented in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-8 00:17:50.461 --> 00:17:53.518 application process. In addition, the interview will 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2567-9 00:17:53.518 --> 00:17:54.960 clarify if the candidate. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-0 00:17:55.050 --> 00:17:58.437 Actually has the language skills established, the director of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-1 00:17:58.437 --> 00:18:01.607 Health suggests that depend on the achieve results on the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-2 00:18:01.607 --> 00:18:04.939 language. That's the employer should use their experience of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-3 00:18:04.939 --> 00:18:08.382 the candidates language level at the point of departure in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-4 00:18:08.382 --> 00:18:11.387 recruitment process. So as a point of reference in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-5 00:18:11.387 --> 00:18:14.665 recruitment process. So in short, the new internship system 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-6 00:18:14.665 --> 00:18:18.053 I was studying the in this new system, that job interview has 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-7 00:18:18.053 --> 00:18:21.331 become a language testing arena and the recruitment process 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-8 00:18:21.331 --> 00:18:24.828 through it says of technologies of job announcements of C's and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2646-9 00:18:24.828 --> 00:18:27.560 different technologies. It had become a de facto. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2660-0 00:18:27.670 --> 00:18:31.303 The language policy arena, with notions such as sufficient 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2660-1 00:18:31.303 --> 00:18:33.150 knowledge and were determined. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2672-0 00:18:33.230 --> 00:18:39.593 Uh, where the the final determined in ad hoc practices 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2672-1 00:18:39.593 --> 00:18:39.940 so. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2711-0 00:18:40.710 --> 00:18:43.770 I went on to look at how this was implemented in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2711-1 00:18:43.770 --> 00:18:47.119 recruitment process is and basically this meant what were 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2711-2 00:18:47.119 --> 00:18:50.583 the requirements in the job announcements that were set out 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2711-3 00:18:50.583 --> 00:18:52.200 to to to call for residence. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2714-0 00:18:52.860 --> 00:18:53.810 UM. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2747-0 00:18:56.590 --> 00:18:59.668 Job announcements in include sort of the detail of what are 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2747-1 00:18:59.668 --> 00:19:02.387 the required qualifications and what are the desired 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2747-2 00:19:02.387 --> 00:19:05.517 qualifications of the of the candidates and when it comes to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2747-3 00:19:05.517 --> 00:19:07.620 language, there was only one mention of. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2765-0 00:19:09.460 --> 00:19:12.705 Norwegian proficiency that it was the candidates must must 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2765-1 00:19:12.705 --> 00:19:16.225 have spoken and written origin. There were no specifications of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2765-2 00:19:16.225 --> 00:19:16.720 how this. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2816-0 00:19:17.990 --> 00:19:22.452 Uh mastery of Norwegian should be or could be documented, but 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2816-1 00:19:22.452 --> 00:19:26.555 rather that this should be rather colloquial formulation 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2816-2 00:19:26.555 --> 00:19:31.017 that the candidates must spoke these languages. So when I set 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2816-3 00:19:31.017 --> 00:19:35.551 it to gather data, I knew that there were very many candidates 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2816-4 00:19:35.551 --> 00:19:40.229 applying to interest imposed in Norway. I knew because I was the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2816-5 00:19:40.229 --> 00:19:43.540 whole point of reorganizing this this system. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-0 00:19:44.160 --> 00:19:47.888 Umm and other professional was becoming increasingly 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-1 00:19:47.888 --> 00:19:51.967 internationalized each. But however, in each hiring round 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-2 00:19:51.967 --> 00:19:55.976 that I observe during my field work, I was following the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-3 00:19:55.976 --> 00:20:00.266 implementation of this of this process for a year and a half 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-4 00:20:00.266 --> 00:20:04.275 and I observed 6 rounds of recruitment and I recorded at 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-5 00:20:04.275 --> 00:20:08.355 147 job interviews and for each one each round that I was 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-6 00:20:08.355 --> 00:20:12.786 observing that were between 5 and 15 people that were going to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2900-7 00:20:12.786 --> 00:20:13.630 be employed. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2915-0 00:20:13.710 --> 00:20:17.638 And it was over 4 or 500 candidates for each one of these 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2915-1 00:20:17.638 --> 00:20:19.670 spots, so they were extremely. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2983-0 00:20:20.060 --> 00:20:25.294 And a lot of applicants wanted to get a post in this residence 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2983-1 00:20:25.294 --> 00:20:30.694 is system. However, only between 15 to 40 of the candidates that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2983-2 00:20:30.694 --> 00:20:35.678 had applied made it to the interview at all. So in a sense, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2983-3 00:20:35.678 --> 00:20:40.829 the change in the organization of the of the residency system 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2983-4 00:20:40.829 --> 00:20:45.232 was was effective in managing the number of of of of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2983-5 00:20:45.232 --> 00:20:49.718 applications because they allowed the institutions to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/2983-6 00:20:49.718 --> 00:20:50.300 select. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3008-0 00:20:50.430 --> 00:20:54.248 Those candidates they wanted to move forward, so out of the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3008-1 00:20:54.248 --> 00:20:57.876 total of 174th interviews I observed, they were only two 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3008-2 00:20:57.876 --> 00:21:00.740 foreign born, raised and trained candidates. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-0 00:21:01.540 --> 00:21:05.622 That made it to the interview face. There were only two 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-1 00:21:05.622 --> 00:21:10.360 migrant candidates in my dad my data, so I wanted to to observe. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-2 00:21:10.360 --> 00:21:15.025 Originally the large majority of candidates were Norwegian born 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-3 00:21:15.025 --> 00:21:18.743 or raised. Ohh, and her Norwegian education and an 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-4 00:21:18.743 --> 00:21:22.971 important part of them were maybe in the original born or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-5 00:21:22.971 --> 00:21:26.980 born abroad and raised in Norway. But really the large 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-6 00:21:26.980 --> 00:21:31.135 majority of them were majority background Norwegians and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3082-7 00:21:31.135 --> 00:21:33.030 surprisingly one must say. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3089-0 00:21:34.110 --> 00:21:36.420 Of how we see this process is evolving. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3133-0 00:21:37.190 --> 00:21:39.996 In terms of my research questions and interesting 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3133-1 00:21:39.996 --> 00:21:43.645 migration and assessing the role of language and multilingualism 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3133-2 00:21:43.645 --> 00:21:47.125 in recruitment processes, this was there were nothing, not an 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3133-3 00:21:47.125 --> 00:21:50.437 overwhelming amount of data to to go on investigating this 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3133-4 00:21:50.437 --> 00:21:50.830 issues. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3136-0 00:21:52.460 --> 00:21:53.280 However. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3138-0 00:21:53.780 --> 00:21:54.470 Uh. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-0 00:21:55.920 --> 00:21:59.544 Upon studying the the trail of documents and and and and as 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-1 00:21:59.544 --> 00:22:03.229 well as the the job interviews, I discovered that there were 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-2 00:22:03.229 --> 00:22:06.793 several candidates I had not previously been interested in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-3 00:22:06.793 --> 00:22:10.780 in. In looking closer into that, I thought that were relevant for 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-4 00:22:10.780 --> 00:22:14.525 my project, but that they were however doing very interesting 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-5 00:22:14.525 --> 00:22:18.330 things in their applications and in the interviews in terms of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-6 00:22:18.330 --> 00:22:22.196 their linguistic proficiency. So instead of minority background 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-7 00:22:22.196 --> 00:22:25.760 regions that were explicitly arguing for their proficiency 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3231-8 00:22:25.760 --> 00:22:28.720 and competency in origin in a manner I actually. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3236-0 00:22:28.810 --> 00:22:30.530 Did not really expect. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-0 00:22:31.420 --> 00:22:35.217 In the following excerpt we see short example that it's an 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-1 00:22:35.217 --> 00:22:38.757 excerpt from a coverlet where I candidate would finish 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-2 00:22:38.757 --> 00:22:42.296 background rice, rice. I was born in Finland and speak 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-3 00:22:42.296 --> 00:22:46.480 Finnish fluently but I am not a Norwegian citizen, have lived in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-4 00:22:46.480 --> 00:22:50.599 Norway since 1980. My level of Norwegian is at the model mother 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-5 00:22:50.599 --> 00:22:54.138 tongue level and see the attached certificates. So the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-6 00:22:54.138 --> 00:22:58.193 candidate in question have moved to Norway in her childhood or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3317-7 00:22:58.193 --> 00:23:01.990 early adolescence. She had attended middle in high school. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3337-0 00:23:02.050 --> 00:23:05.376 In the country and she had excelled in her studies in order 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3337-1 00:23:05.376 --> 00:23:08.812 to be accepted to an original medical training program, which 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3337-2 00:23:08.812 --> 00:23:11.140 is again for free but highly competitive. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-0 00:23:11.770 --> 00:23:15.770 And medical degrees are taught entirely in Norwegian and has 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-1 00:23:15.770 --> 00:23:19.966 very high proficiency in origin. E required to be accepted onto 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-2 00:23:19.966 --> 00:23:24.032 graduate as a medical doctor, both written and spoken origin, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-3 00:23:24.032 --> 00:23:28.229 so I was really puzzled. Why was this candidate taking the time 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-4 00:23:28.229 --> 00:23:32.032 and space to argue for her proficiency in Norwegian? This 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-5 00:23:32.032 --> 00:23:36.229 proficiency for me was perfectly inferable from her CV. Why was 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-6 00:23:36.229 --> 00:23:40.425 this argument presented through also through the adversity? I'm 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3407-7 00:23:40.425 --> 00:23:41.540 I speak finished. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3414-0 00:23:41.670 --> 00:23:43.500 Exactly, but I am an original citizen. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3424-0 00:23:44.110 --> 00:23:47.540 And I have a mother language and mother tongue level. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3439-0 00:23:48.460 --> 00:23:51.362 Why did she invest the time and effort to write this point 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3439-1 00:23:51.362 --> 00:23:53.970 explicitly and to refer to pertaining documentation? 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3491-0 00:23:55.420 --> 00:23:58.778 After an encounter this acceptable, I discovered that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3491-1 00:23:58.778 --> 00:24:02.323 pattern of candidates with someone similar or comparable 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3491-2 00:24:02.323 --> 00:24:06.179 background that we're reading what they were writing seamless 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3491-3 00:24:06.179 --> 00:24:09.786 statements in the cover letter or open fields or of their 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3491-4 00:24:09.786 --> 00:24:13.517 application, such as in this case or the candidate wrote. I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3491-5 00:24:13.517 --> 00:24:17.000 was born in Iran, but I, but I was raised in in Norway. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-0 00:24:17.600 --> 00:24:20.845 And I does I speak Norwegian fluently and have also good 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3500-0 00:24:18.720 --> 00:24:18.990 Well. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-1 00:24:20.845 --> 00:24:24.374 command of other languages. This candidate reported in his CV 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-2 00:24:24.374 --> 00:24:27.733 that he spoke health professions in Farsi, Danish, Danish, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-3 00:24:27.733 --> 00:24:30.808 Swedish, German, Latvian and Norwegian. However, when 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-4 00:24:30.808 --> 00:24:33.711 profiling his language, competence is in the cover 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-5 00:24:33.711 --> 00:24:37.127 letter. The only argument that was put forward was building 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-6 00:24:37.127 --> 00:24:40.087 case for his fluency in Norwegian he was dressed in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-7 00:24:40.087 --> 00:24:43.503 Norway. He had completed his grade education in the country 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-8 00:24:43.503 --> 00:24:47.089 he had attended medical school abroad in in Latvia, but he had 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-9 00:24:47.089 --> 00:24:50.847 worked summers and holidays as a medical student in Norway. So he 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3584-10 00:24:50.847 --> 00:24:52.270 had many accomplishments. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-0 00:24:52.350 --> 00:24:56.532 Accomplishments since he see his CV that would require to have a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-1 00:24:56.532 --> 00:25:00.585 high proficiency in origin. So why was he taking the effort to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-2 00:25:00.585 --> 00:25:04.252 argue this point yet another case the the candidate does 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-3 00:25:04.252 --> 00:25:07.919 profile his multilingual competences but makes a pointer 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-4 00:25:07.919 --> 00:25:11.843 of naming his proficiency in the region and also the year of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-5 00:25:11.843 --> 00:25:15.703 Migration to Norway, was born in Tehran. In Iran. I came to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-6 00:25:15.703 --> 00:25:19.242 Norway 1990 Black grew up in Middletown. I speak three 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3662-7 00:25:19.242 --> 00:25:22.780 language fluency in addition to Norwegian and English. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3708-0 00:25:23.650 --> 00:25:27.971 Yeah, enough of migrations. I get highlighted alongside claims 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3708-1 00:25:27.971 --> 00:25:31.744 to competence in three languages. Why were they taking 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3708-2 00:25:31.744 --> 00:25:35.379 time to do this as a? As a comparison, there were 22 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3708-3 00:25:35.379 --> 00:25:39.357 candidates in the data who did not mention proficiency in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3708-4 00:25:39.357 --> 00:25:42.650 Norwegian in their CV or in the in Interactive. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3724-0 00:25:43.030 --> 00:25:48.582 Uh HR in the system for for for submitting the the the CV's 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3724-1 00:25:48.582 --> 00:25:49.230 online. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3739-0 00:25:49.650 --> 00:25:53.697 And I'm surprisingly, they were all majority background 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3739-1 00:25:53.697 --> 00:25:57.600 candidates. But I thought that this was a intriguing. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3741-0 00:25:57.900 --> 00:25:58.440 I'm. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3796-0 00:26:00.460 --> 00:26:04.314 Phenomenon. Why were people taking the time to argue for 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3796-1 00:26:04.314 --> 00:26:08.777 what naively understood as being an obvious competence, inferable 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3796-2 00:26:08.777 --> 00:26:13.172 from the from the CVS in one of the job interviews with minority 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3796-3 00:26:13.172 --> 00:26:17.229 background candidate, I found an interesting exchange short 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3796-4 00:26:17.229 --> 00:26:21.557 exchange like my might be able to to help me shed some light in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3796-5 00:26:21.557 --> 00:26:24.870 the process is underlight and this kind of text. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3865-0 00:26:25.510 --> 00:26:28.845 Uh, this candidate was born in India but grew up in Norway and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3865-1 00:26:28.845 --> 00:26:32.180 had in Norwegian medical degree. He had already introduced his 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3865-2 00:26:32.180 --> 00:26:35.303 ethnic background in a self presentational sequence in the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3865-3 00:26:35.303 --> 00:26:38.797 beginning of the interview. When you say ohh, tell me a bit about 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3865-4 00:26:38.797 --> 00:26:41.814 yourself or ohh I'm so old I do this and I want the self 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3865-5 00:26:41.814 --> 00:26:44.990 presentation part that always takes place in the interview. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3897-0 00:26:46.170 --> 00:26:49.237 However, when the interview was getting closer to the end and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3897-1 00:26:49.237 --> 00:26:52.254 the interviews were asking more personal questions about his 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3897-2 00:26:52.254 --> 00:26:55.321 interest and personal traits, the topic of his background was 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3897-3 00:26:55.321 --> 00:26:58.240 broke, but into the conversation in an interesting manner. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3957-0 00:26:59.490 --> 00:27:03.365 There are the Oval. One is one of the the chief doctors at 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3957-1 00:27:03.365 --> 00:27:07.372 present on the interview. I'm. I'm sorry. Not presenting the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3957-2 00:27:07.372 --> 00:27:11.182 data in Norwegian. I'm just giving a translation. That is 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3957-3 00:27:11.182 --> 00:27:15.386 why it's it's maybe a bit of a strange formulation, but you you 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3957-4 00:27:15.386 --> 00:27:19.392 you were born in Norway or are you? I was born in India. You 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3957-5 00:27:19.392 --> 00:27:22.020 were born in India? Yes. Unless rather. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3993-0 00:27:22.710 --> 00:27:26.873 Long password. The candidate doesn't really offer any 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3993-1 00:27:26.873 --> 00:27:31.962 elaboration on on his background being thematized. Do you have my 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3993-2 00:27:31.962 --> 00:27:36.434 many roots still in India? Or yes, I go there about every 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/3993-3 00:27:36.434 --> 00:27:38.670 other year, every third year. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-0 00:27:39.310 --> 00:27:43.591 Umm, yes. So do you have much of your school years from there or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-1 00:27:43.591 --> 00:27:47.608 is it no school? I I came to know when I was two months old. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-2 00:27:47.608 --> 00:27:51.362 So. So my parents were already here and there's a lot of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-3 00:27:51.362 --> 00:27:55.313 overlap. This is I'm I'm not sure how familiar you are with 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-4 00:27:55.313 --> 00:27:58.804 the with this kind of transcription of oral language 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-5 00:27:58.804 --> 00:28:02.624 but this brackets here indicate that there's overlap that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-6 00:28:02.624 --> 00:28:06.707 there's big everyone speaking at the same time and people are 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4072-7 00:28:06.707 --> 00:28:08.090 laughing. Oh yes yes. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-0 00:28:09.200 --> 00:28:12.847 Yeah, everyone is laughing and then green. They live there. But 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-1 00:28:12.847 --> 00:28:16.324 my mother wanted to give birth down there. Yes, I was there. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-2 00:28:16.324 --> 00:28:19.800 Their first son. So from this we can see how key information 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-3 00:28:19.800 --> 00:28:23.220 about the Earth migration or age. We're moving to Norway or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-4 00:28:23.220 --> 00:28:26.753 attended school was treated at this important and relevant to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-5 00:28:26.753 --> 00:28:30.002 the interview situation. But the interviewers, it seemed 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-6 00:28:30.002 --> 00:28:33.079 important by some reason to establish how much of the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-7 00:28:33.079 --> 00:28:36.613 candidates education had been completed in another country in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-8 00:28:36.613 --> 00:28:40.260 another that shows that year of or age of migration is not just 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4158-9 00:28:40.260 --> 00:28:41.970 another detail in the current. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4173-0 00:28:42.100 --> 00:28:45.285 It's personal biography, but relevant to the professional 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4173-1 00:28:45.285 --> 00:28:48.030 identities and performances in in the interviews. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4210-0 00:28:48.700 --> 00:28:52.263 A lot of this interaction, I think that we can analyze some 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4210-1 00:28:52.263 --> 00:28:55.945 of the short texts in the cover letters as what I have called 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4210-2 00:28:55.945 --> 00:28:59.330 strategic disclosures aimed at preventing some potential 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4210-3 00:28:59.330 --> 00:29:02.240 negative or untrue inferences by the interviews. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4213-0 00:29:03.100 --> 00:29:03.530 Umm. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4234-0 00:29:03.240 --> 00:29:06.534 Just jumping in at this point, Veronica, I think we've got 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4223-0 00:29:05.700 --> 00:29:06.040 Yeah. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4234-1 00:29:06.534 --> 00:29:09.270 about 5 minutes to go to the the the discussion. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4232-0 00:29:07.670 --> 00:29:08.300 Yes. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4240-0 00:29:09.980 --> 00:29:11.530 Yeah. Thank you very much. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4242-0 00:29:12.910 --> 00:29:13.640 So. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4244-0 00:29:14.930 --> 00:29:15.750 Let me see. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4283-0 00:29:20.230 --> 00:29:24.886 So this is what I called this this movements where people are 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4283-1 00:29:24.886 --> 00:29:29.692 offering, uh details such as if migration, it kind of strategic 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4283-2 00:29:29.692 --> 00:29:33.898 disclosure sort of preemptive move where people provide 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4283-3 00:29:33.898 --> 00:29:35.400 details in order to. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4293-0 00:29:37.860 --> 00:29:42.490 Preempt negative inferences and we have to of the interview. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-0 00:29:43.460 --> 00:29:47.172 That the candidates might not potentially not be proficient 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-1 00:29:47.172 --> 00:29:50.574 enough, or but it might be multilingual, might have no 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-2 00:29:50.574 --> 00:29:54.348 region as a second language, which was something kind. Maybe 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-3 00:29:54.348 --> 00:29:57.564 offer worrying and I found in the interviews and in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-4 00:29:57.564 --> 00:30:01.276 discussions between the the, the, the, the interviewers and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-5 00:30:01.276 --> 00:30:04.740 how candidates were being evaluated. There was a lot of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-6 00:30:04.740 --> 00:30:08.390 worry of maybe we should check. I just wanna hear how they 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-7 00:30:08.390 --> 00:30:12.288 speak. I just wanna check their language. So for me as someone 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4365-8 00:30:12.288 --> 00:30:13.030 interesting. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-0 00:30:13.110 --> 00:30:16.946 In migration processes and then migrant myself, I had not 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-1 00:30:16.946 --> 00:30:21.112 expected to meet to meet native speaker. Speaker is ideologies 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-2 00:30:21.112 --> 00:30:24.617 and monolingual ideologies. Basically through what I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-3 00:30:24.617 --> 00:30:28.585 perceived as Norwegian speakers that have no region, if not 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-4 00:30:28.585 --> 00:30:32.487 technically as their first language, that I had learned at 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-5 00:30:32.487 --> 00:30:36.124 birth, at least at any other practical purpose. Asilia 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-6 00:30:36.124 --> 00:30:39.696 Roberts Scholarship has shown constructive a cohesive 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4443-7 00:30:39.696 --> 00:30:43.730 narrative account that Fisis, biographical and professional. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-0 00:30:44.120 --> 00:30:47.964 But story seem to coherent narrative evening is essential 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-1 00:30:47.964 --> 00:30:51.741 to performing trustworthy professional persona, and this 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-2 00:30:51.741 --> 00:30:55.519 is one of the elements are central to what she calls the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-3 00:30:55.519 --> 00:30:59.098 linguistic penalty. This combination of disadvantages 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-4 00:30:59.098 --> 00:31:02.942 experienced by linguistic minority groups in in selection 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-5 00:31:02.942 --> 00:31:07.183 and in evaluation processes. So the challenge will be to fit in 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-6 00:31:07.183 --> 00:31:11.093 very complex backgrounds and family stories and migrations 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4518-7 00:31:11.093 --> 00:31:15.070 trajectories into single linear narrative that it's easily. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4564-0 00:31:15.160 --> 00:31:19.442 Explained and interesting in this case the linguistic penalty 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4564-1 00:31:19.442 --> 00:31:23.586 did not only represent another burden on migrant candidates 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4564-2 00:31:23.586 --> 00:31:27.936 themselves, but with we had a personal experience of migration 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4564-3 00:31:27.936 --> 00:31:32.011 to share, but was also a burden upon Norwegian born raised 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4564-4 00:31:32.011 --> 00:31:35.050 candidate with my minority backgrounds. So. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4586-0 00:31:35.780 --> 00:31:39.321 I think that I'm gonna jump because I I had too much in a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4586-1 00:31:39.321 --> 00:31:43.290 very ambitious presentation, but I want to show you a bit about. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-0 00:31:43.880 --> 00:31:47.732 And stress a bit, I think that I've made the point that I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-1 00:31:47.732 --> 00:31:51.982 wanted to show that even though the I I have very few of second 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-2 00:31:51.982 --> 00:31:55.569 language speaking migrant candidates, a lot of what I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-3 00:31:55.569 --> 00:31:58.757 would have considered categorized, particularly 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-4 00:31:58.757 --> 00:32:02.343 linguistic terms as as as Norwegian speakers that had 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-5 00:32:02.343 --> 00:32:06.062 Norwegian as at least their first their first language, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-6 00:32:06.062 --> 00:32:09.782 their main language, they're work language. We're still 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-7 00:32:09.782 --> 00:32:14.032 meeting some of the monolingual ideologies that were would also 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4657-8 00:32:14.032 --> 00:32:14.630 face the. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4666-0 00:32:14.710 --> 00:32:18.100 Ohh, multilingual and minority candidates? 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4672-0 00:32:19.340 --> 00:32:21.370 There were not particular. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4686-0 00:32:22.950 --> 00:32:29.948 Uh, there, there were not a lot of UM requirements as to for 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4686-1 00:32:29.948 --> 00:32:31.440 multilingual. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4737-0 00:32:31.520 --> 00:32:36.037 The competences being an asset, however, the the University 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4737-1 00:32:36.037 --> 00:32:41.005 Hospital I was following had one point in their job announcements 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4737-2 00:32:41.005 --> 00:32:45.071 where they required that applicants with a command of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4737-3 00:32:45.071 --> 00:32:49.964 other language, other languages than Norwegian were requested to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4737-4 00:32:49.964 --> 00:32:54.632 specify it, and in the website designed to applicants for the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4737-5 00:32:54.632 --> 00:32:58.170 residents, say program, they identify or they. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4824-0 00:33:00.450 --> 00:33:04.349 Market the the the hospital as as a hospital that served the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4824-1 00:33:04.349 --> 00:33:08.505 multinational patient population and attempts to hire candidates 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4824-2 00:33:08.505 --> 00:33:12.404 with different backgrounds and culture. So in these terms, I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4824-3 00:33:12.404 --> 00:33:16.304 found that a lot of minority background candidates were very 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4824-4 00:33:16.304 --> 00:33:20.204 strategically selling and and their multilingualism in terms 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4824-5 00:33:20.204 --> 00:33:23.400 that fit that multilingual multicultural program. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-0 00:33:23.920 --> 00:33:27.215 And one extremely gifted candidate to wrote in her cover 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-1 00:33:27.215 --> 00:33:30.799 letter. I was born and raised in Norway with Indian roots. My 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-2 00:33:30.799 --> 00:33:33.689 cultural background provide provides with several 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-3 00:33:33.689 --> 00:33:37.389 advantages, being multilingual amongst other I grew up speaking 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-4 00:33:37.389 --> 00:33:41.030 Norwegian Hindi and English and I speak all language fluently. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-5 00:33:41.030 --> 00:33:44.614 The advantage of Hindi is that the spoken language is exactly 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-6 00:33:44.614 --> 00:33:48.198 like Urdu and Punjabi. She's not a linguist. I can also speak 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4899-7 00:33:48.198 --> 00:33:49.470 conversational French. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-0 00:33:50.290 --> 00:33:53.308 Big Hospital House is a that's the way I anonymize 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-1 00:33:53.308 --> 00:33:56.681 institutional houses and multicultural patient group and 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-2 00:33:56.681 --> 00:34:00.290 out of my experience from last summer and knowledge of Hindu 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-3 00:34:00.290 --> 00:34:03.723 and heard is extremely helpful for communicating with the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-4 00:34:03.723 --> 00:34:07.510 elderly immigrant patients as a way of contrast when there were 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-5 00:34:07.510 --> 00:34:10.587 other candidates that would choose to highlight the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-6 00:34:10.587 --> 00:34:14.256 multilingual competences and have very different backgrounds, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-7 00:34:14.256 --> 00:34:17.747 they would frame it in terms of exchange experiences often 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/4973-8 00:34:17.747 --> 00:34:20.410 connected to learning a foreign language in. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-0 00:34:20.500 --> 00:34:23.600 Sort of cosmopolitan. The more prestigious form of a 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-1 00:34:23.600 --> 00:34:27.403 multilingualism in my in my 4th year at mid university, onto the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-2 00:34:27.403 --> 00:34:30.913 next change program period to Rome in Italy, where lectures 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-3 00:34:30.913 --> 00:34:34.599 took place at a public hospital in town before traveling items 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-4 00:34:34.599 --> 00:34:38.226 sections in basic Italian admit university and and was it the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-5 00:34:38.226 --> 00:34:41.619 language course in this city in Italy before the semester 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-6 00:34:41.619 --> 00:34:45.012 started in Rome, I attended medical school in Italian for 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-7 00:34:45.012 --> 00:34:48.522 five months and therefore had to learn the language besides 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-8 00:34:48.522 --> 00:34:51.915 Italian and have a good command of English and have basic 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5055-9 00:34:51.915 --> 00:34:52.500 knowledge. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5083-0 00:34:52.570 --> 00:34:56.483 Of German after Ahmad studied it on the junior and Senior High 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5083-1 00:34:56.483 --> 00:34:59.837 School. This is not particular notorious multilingual 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5083-2 00:34:59.837 --> 00:35:03.750 repertoire. For in Norway it's quite normal that people speak. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5138-0 00:35:03.840 --> 00:35:07.891 And Norwegian English plus another second foreign language 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5138-1 00:35:07.891 --> 00:35:12.079 that is called from school, and particularly that they, they 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5138-2 00:35:12.079 --> 00:35:16.268 learn other languages through through exchange. What I found 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5138-3 00:35:16.268 --> 00:35:20.799 interesting that both in the job interviews and in the texts that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5138-4 00:35:20.799 --> 00:35:24.164 for minority background candidates I had learned 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5138-5 00:35:24.164 --> 00:35:27.940 languages through migration and as heritage languages. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5142-0 00:35:28.450 --> 00:35:30.340 Uh, they would. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-0 00:35:30.900 --> 00:35:35.306 To sell this resources as assets related to being diverse or they 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-1 00:35:35.306 --> 00:35:39.312 would get questions on the repertoire as a way of eliciting 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-2 00:35:39.312 --> 00:35:43.384 information on their ethnicity and but where are you from or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-3 00:35:43.384 --> 00:35:47.323 where are you really from or what language do you speak or 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-4 00:35:47.323 --> 00:35:51.462 what? How is your family? What languages do you speak at home 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-5 00:35:51.462 --> 00:35:55.201 whereas majority background candidates could frame this 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-6 00:35:55.201 --> 00:35:59.340 competences in term of formal qualifications that they had to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5222-7 00:35:59.340 --> 00:36:01.610 taken so many classes or courses? 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5285-0 00:36:01.690 --> 00:36:05.353 And get a lot of. Oh, but that's a very difficult language to 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5285-1 00:36:05.353 --> 00:36:09.015 learn that you actually did. So I think that the point that I 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5285-2 00:36:09.015 --> 00:36:12.442 wanted to to, to, to, to do today by showing this sort of 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5285-3 00:36:12.442 --> 00:36:15.927 different data set. So they were both the documents of the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5285-4 00:36:15.927 --> 00:36:19.590 interview, how people present their competences and how these 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5285-5 00:36:19.590 --> 00:36:22.603 are discussed in the interview is that, of course, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5285-6 00:36:22.603 --> 00:36:25.970 multilingualism or multilingual competence are resource. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5325-0 00:36:26.150 --> 00:36:30.454 A resource at work and in order to gain employment. But I would 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5325-1 00:36:30.454 --> 00:36:34.422 say that this is very much dependent on the speaker rather 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5325-2 00:36:34.422 --> 00:36:38.456 than the resources themselves. Like I I had candidates that 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5325-3 00:36:38.456 --> 00:36:41.550 were majority background and could argue for. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-0 00:36:42.070 --> 00:36:45.945 And being very impressive for having learned Russian that it's 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-1 00:36:45.945 --> 00:36:49.881 very difficult and had a lot of cases. Whereas for an Ukrainian 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-2 00:36:49.881 --> 00:36:53.264 background candidate, this competences were completely 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-3 00:36:53.264 --> 00:36:57.139 invisible and it was even rather a problem or an issue that if 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-4 00:36:57.139 --> 00:37:00.953 she would have enough command of Norwegian or not. So I think 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-5 00:37:00.953 --> 00:37:04.090 that often we talk about multilingualism or or the 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-6 00:37:04.090 --> 00:37:08.026 language as as as resources or as being a detriment or or what, 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5399-7 00:37:08.026 --> 00:37:11.840 what station. I think that we're often rather speaking about. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5407-0 00:37:12.040 --> 00:37:14.570 Speakers rather than than languages. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5410-0 00:37:15.630 --> 00:37:16.320 So. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5418-0 00:37:17.290 --> 00:37:19.370 Very short to the point and thank you. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5423-0 00:37:25.050 --> 00:37:27.670 Thank you very much, Monica. 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5445-0 00:37:29.250 --> 00:37:34.046 Diana going to end the recording. We have some applause 643c5332-b837-4747-bba6-c5d59a7b083b/5445-1 00:37:34.046 --> 00:37:38.670 reactions coming in and we will start the discussion.