WEBVTT NOTE duration:"00:30:42" NOTE recognizability:0.830 NOTE language:en-us NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:02.340 --> 00:00:04.070 That you've accepted your Harry NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:04.070 --> 00:00:06.839 invitation to be here and share your work. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:06.840 --> 00:00:10.506 Because the network is very interested NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:10.510 --> 00:00:13.790 in issues around identity issues NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:13.790 --> 00:00:16.414 around representation issues around NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:16.414 --> 00:00:19.600 the politics of representation and the NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:19.600 --> 00:00:22.598 work you do on nationalism and diaspora NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:22.598 --> 00:00:25.566 studies is of course and and the role NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:25.566 --> 00:00:28.671 of social media is very sort of close NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:28.671 --> 00:00:31.310 to the interests of the number of NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:31.393 --> 00:00:37.000 the members of our network. The I'm. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:37.000 --> 00:00:39.844 Really interested to actually see how NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:39.844 --> 00:00:43.278 you're actually talk about concepts of NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:43.278 --> 00:00:45.459 regeneration and recontextualization. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:45.460 --> 00:00:49.044 UM, of course in the current what we're NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:49.044 --> 00:00:51.620 all experiencing in the with the war NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:51.620 --> 00:00:54.500 in the area that you are focusing on NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:54.500 --> 00:00:56.858 between Russia and there's sort of NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:56.858 --> 00:00:58.883 there's studies that you're focusing NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:00:58.883 --> 00:01:01.217 on between the Russia and Ukraine, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:01.220 --> 00:01:03.820 but I'm very interested in what is happening. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:03.820 --> 00:01:05.350 And as we're all very interested NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:05.350 --> 00:01:06.950 in what is happening in Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:06.950 --> 00:01:10.550 And the war that has this terrible impact, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:10.550 --> 00:01:11.850 of course. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:11.850 --> 00:01:14.812 Uhm, on so many levels and I would be NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:14.812 --> 00:01:17.198 very interested in how you're approaching it. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:17.200 --> 00:01:20.736 Uh, in your study and how you're actually NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:20.736 --> 00:01:22.592 connecting linguistic unity issues NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:22.592 --> 00:01:24.837 around power issues around politics NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:24.837 --> 00:01:27.499 of identity and how you're actually NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:27.499 --> 00:01:30.397 bringing that together in in your work, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:31.646 in the sort of in the synchrony. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:31.650 --> 00:01:35.993 But also what is kind of how you've NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:35.993 --> 00:01:37.979 actually approaching it and framing it NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:37.979 --> 00:01:40.187 and where you're going with your work NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:40.187 --> 00:01:42.580 in the future and how the work we do. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:42.580 --> 00:01:44.736 Can contribute and can make a difference, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:44.740 --> 00:01:46.840 so I'm very really very interested to NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:46.840 --> 00:01:48.868 actually hear more about your approach. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:48.870 --> 00:01:49.222 Uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:49.222 --> 00:01:51.334 and how you actually see relevance NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:51.334 --> 00:01:53.383 because you've also been in NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:53.383 --> 00:01:54.769 very interdisciplinary spaces, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:54.770 --> 00:01:57.110 so I'm really interested to hear NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:57.110 --> 00:01:59.456 from your perspective where you see NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:01:59.456 --> 00:02:01.604 the need for researchers to pull NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:01.604 --> 00:02:03.841 together where you actually see that NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:03.841 --> 00:02:06.025 we really can contribute to making NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:06.030 --> 00:02:10.026 this world that is becoming uglier. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:10.030 --> 00:02:11.622 Hopefully a better place. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:11.622 --> 00:02:12.816 So very interested. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:12.820 --> 00:02:15.724 Here kind of your work, but also your NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:15.724 --> 00:02:18.557 sort of thoughts about how networks like, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:18.557 --> 00:02:20.099 this one which are very interdisciplinary. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:20.100 --> 00:02:22.600 One can be spaces, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:22.600 --> 00:02:25.876 that actually can bring together voices that. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:25.880 --> 00:02:27.896 We want to kind of make louder NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:27.896 --> 00:02:29.819 and and we want to unite. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:29.820 --> 00:02:31.772 So over to you, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:31.772 --> 00:02:32.260 Ivan. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:32.260 --> 00:02:34.726 Thank you very much for this NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:34.726 --> 00:02:36.444 kind introduction and thank you NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:36.444 --> 00:02:38.074 very much for the invitation. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:38.080 --> 00:02:40.230 It's great to be here. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:40.230 --> 00:02:42.366 And now my today's talk is based on, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:42.370 --> 00:02:42.824 uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:42.824 --> 00:02:44.640 my previous postdoctoral project NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:44.640 --> 00:02:46.910 at the University of Cambridge, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:46.910 --> 00:02:51.574 and Don't Go and study on the identity NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:51.580 --> 00:02:53.815 and nationalism and languages and NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:53.815 --> 00:02:57.021 how they've been shaped by both the NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:57.021 --> 00:02:59.674 full scale Russian invasion and also NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:02:59.674 --> 00:03:03.130 I focused on the role of new medium. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:03.130 --> 00:03:04.850 So I prepared several slides, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:04.850 --> 00:03:08.480 let me share them with you. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:08.480 --> 00:03:12.740 UM? Can you see them well? NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:12.740 --> 00:03:16.420 So several words about the NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:16.420 --> 00:03:20.100 theorizations which guide my research. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:20.100 --> 00:03:20.756 Of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:20.756 --> 00:03:23.360 we all know theorizations by Benedict NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:23.360 --> 00:03:25.520 Anderson on imagined community, NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:25.520 --> 00:03:28.480 and of course he stresses the role of NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:28.480 --> 00:03:32.628 prime capitalism which allowed this. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:32.630 --> 00:03:34.790 Nations, modern nations to emerge. NOTE Confidence: 0.752945765769231 00:03:34.790 --> 00:03:39.134 He focuses mainly on the role of newspapers. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:39.140 --> 00:03:40.946 And, uh, he also stresses that, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:40.950 --> 00:03:42.598 uh, this spring capitalism NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:42.598 --> 00:03:43.834 produced standard languages, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:43.840 --> 00:03:46.530 so languages were always at NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:46.530 --> 00:03:49.220 the core of national building. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:49.220 --> 00:03:51.000 But in our digital age, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:53.569 we also can say that this print NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:53.569 --> 00:03:55.760 capitalism is replaced by digital one. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:55.760 --> 00:03:58.135 So new media play increasingly NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:03:58.135 --> 00:04:00.971 important role and also there is NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:00.971 --> 00:04:03.631 a lot of writing of how national NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:03.631 --> 00:04:05.670 belonging is articulated online NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:05.670 --> 00:04:08.665 and crystallized by online spaces. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:08.670 --> 00:04:10.818 And, uh, through different NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:10.818 --> 00:04:12.966 linguistic behaviors as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:12.970 --> 00:04:14.650 And of course Nation is narrated. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:14.650 --> 00:04:16.186 And here writers, poets, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:16.186 --> 00:04:18.490 and intellectuals play a key role. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:18.490 --> 00:04:22.956 So I I call them cultural producers. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:22.960 --> 00:04:23.986 And of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:23.986 --> 00:04:26.038 the automy of civic and ethnic NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:26.038 --> 00:04:27.640 nationalism is being criticized. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:27.640 --> 00:04:30.178 Taras Kuzio points out that every NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:30.178 --> 00:04:33.084 civic nation always has at my cultural NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:33.084 --> 00:04:35.352 core and there is always choice NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:35.352 --> 00:04:37.818 made towards official languages. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:37.820 --> 00:04:40.452 And although it could be in the NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:40.452 --> 00:04:43.470 form of loss or through just NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:43.470 --> 00:04:45.267 informal power structures. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:45.270 --> 00:04:48.455 And, uh, what does it mean for, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:48.460 --> 00:04:50.542 uh, Ukrainians, and, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:50.542 --> 00:04:51.236 uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:51.236 --> 00:04:54.174 wider Eastern Slavs Steven Schulman NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:54.174 --> 00:04:55.882 provides very good explanation NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:55.882 --> 00:04:58.541 of this identity or meta identity NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:04:58.541 --> 00:05:00.756 options for Eastern Slavic people. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:00.760 --> 00:05:02.800 When we speak about national one, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:02.800 --> 00:05:05.660 it focuses on ethnic cultures, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:05.660 --> 00:05:08.004 vernacular languages and treats, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:08.004 --> 00:05:10.934 particularly towards the Russian one, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:10.940 --> 00:05:13.940 as a dissimilar and competitive. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:13.940 --> 00:05:15.600 In other words, as other. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:15.600 --> 00:05:18.340 This identity is more of NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:18.340 --> 00:05:19.984 like postcolonial nature. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:19.990 --> 00:05:21.970 And then there is supranational identity, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:21.970 --> 00:05:24.172 so it treats Eastern Slavs as NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:24.172 --> 00:05:26.137 triune nation and stresses the NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:26.137 --> 00:05:28.267 importance of the Russian language. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:28.270 --> 00:05:32.230 And of course it's presents Belarusians, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:32.230 --> 00:05:36.850 Ukrainians and Russians as basically similar. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:36.850 --> 00:05:38.305 And then, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:38.305 --> 00:05:40.245 this identities are usually NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:40.245 --> 00:05:42.272 articulated through what's manual NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:42.272 --> 00:05:44.767 customs calls icons of nationalism. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:44.770 --> 00:05:49.340 So for Ukraine and then it's like NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:49.340 --> 00:05:51.610 a conservative. Uh, variation. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:51.610 --> 00:05:54.735 The Second World War struggle. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:54.740 --> 00:05:56.660 Independence struggle plays a NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:56.660 --> 00:05:58.100 particularly important role, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:58.100 --> 00:05:59.824 so here is important. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:05:59.824 --> 00:06:01.979 The leader of Ukrainian nationalism NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:01.979 --> 00:06:04.320 of that time, Stepan Bandera. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:04.320 --> 00:06:07.120 But also Ukrainian insurgent army. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:07.120 --> 00:06:08.080 Of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:08.080 --> 00:06:10.480 this narrative is controversial due NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:10.480 --> 00:06:13.395 to radical nationalism and also these NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:13.395 --> 00:06:15.725 organizations had some degree of NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:15.725 --> 00:06:17.640 collaborations with Nazi Germany. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:17.640 --> 00:06:19.030 Uh, and uh, this uh. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:19.030 --> 00:06:20.590 Part of Ukrainian history, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:20.590 --> 00:06:23.230 of course, is exploited by uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:23.230 --> 00:06:25.090 Russia in presenting Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:25.090 --> 00:06:25.910 Contemporary Ukraine, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:25.910 --> 00:06:28.370 as sort of and Nazi state. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:28.370 --> 00:06:30.410 And then there is genocidal famine NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:30.410 --> 00:06:32.195 of Holodomor which has taken NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:32.195 --> 00:06:33.627 place in Soviet Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:33.630 --> 00:06:36.295 In 1932 nineteen 33 so NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:36.295 --> 00:06:38.427 these both 2 narratives. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:38.430 --> 00:06:41.951 It's like both show the heroes and NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:41.951 --> 00:06:44.157 suffering martyrdom of Ukrainian NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:44.157 --> 00:06:47.787 nation and Ukrainian language in this. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:47.790 --> 00:06:51.255 Of conservative narrative place the key role. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:51.260 --> 00:06:53.690 So it's romantic vision of language NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:53.690 --> 00:06:56.269 as the heart of the nation. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:56.270 --> 00:06:58.310 And then there are different NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:58.310 --> 00:06:59.126 supernational identities. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:06:59.130 --> 00:07:01.790 One could be called Soviet to file. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:01.790 --> 00:07:04.387 It focuses really on the Soviet Union NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:04.387 --> 00:07:07.250 and the victory in the Second World War. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:07.250 --> 00:07:09.690 In Russia it became sort of a religion, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:09.690 --> 00:07:11.002 as you can see. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:11.002 --> 00:07:13.403 And of course it combines some elements NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:13.403 --> 00:07:16.259 of the pre Soviet period such as uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:16.260 --> 00:07:18.171 Russian Imperial period, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:18.171 --> 00:07:20.719 Russian Orthodoxy and of NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:20.719 --> 00:07:22.630 course Russian language. NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:22.630 --> 00:07:23.416 And you may, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:23.416 --> 00:07:24.726 if you follow the news, NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:24.730 --> 00:07:27.742 you may spot that actually Russian NOTE Confidence: 0.835863621666667 00:07:27.742 --> 00:07:29.750 speaking and Russian constantly NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:29.834 --> 00:07:33.109 used by Russian propaganda interchangeably. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:33.110 --> 00:07:34.247 So basically speaking, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:34.247 --> 00:07:37.490 Russian in a way presented as being Russian. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:37.490 --> 00:07:43.162 So it's presented as very hard or strong. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:43.162 --> 00:07:45.942 Identity. But for Ukraine, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:45.942 --> 00:07:48.762 the language it's very interrelated NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:48.762 --> 00:07:52.708 for the National Liberation struggle. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:52.710 --> 00:07:54.398 So Ukrainian was officially NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:54.398 --> 00:07:56.508 banned in the Russian Empire, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:07:56.510 --> 00:08:00.380 so famously it was said that there is no NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:00.380 --> 00:08:04.638 such language never was, and now will be. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:04.638 --> 00:08:07.023 When the Russian Empire collapsed, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:07.030 --> 00:08:11.860 the Bolsheviks initially offered sort of the. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:11.860 --> 00:08:15.668 The freedom of cultural production and, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:15.668 --> 00:08:18.788 it resulted in, uh, Ukrainian renaissance. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:18.788 --> 00:08:21.604 So revival of Ukrainian NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:21.604 --> 00:08:24.420 language and very active. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:24.420 --> 00:08:27.000 Writing and creation of poems and NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:27.000 --> 00:08:30.030 novels in the early Soviet periods, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:30.030 --> 00:08:32.946 and then most of representatives of NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:32.946 --> 00:08:34.890 Ukrainian intelligentsia were executed. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:34.890 --> 00:08:38.245 So this period is called NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:38.245 --> 00:08:39.587 executed Renaissance. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:39.590 --> 00:08:42.474 And over the course of, UM, 20th century. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:42.474 --> 00:08:44.934 Of course, Ukraine experienced the NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:44.934 --> 00:08:47.126 decline in linguistic diversity, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:47.130 --> 00:08:49.066 so there was English, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:49.066 --> 00:08:50.802 Polish, German, Russian, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:50.802 --> 00:08:53.306 Ukrainian and other languages. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:53.310 --> 00:08:55.932 But over the course due to NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:55.932 --> 00:08:57.664 Holocaust and horrible events, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:08:57.664 --> 00:09:00.226 but also ethnic cleansing of polls, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:00.230 --> 00:09:04.605 must deportations of Germans and so on. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:04.610 --> 00:09:10.238 Basically the multilingual nature of Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:10.240 --> 00:09:13.328 Was a compromised and in the second half NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:13.328 --> 00:09:17.070 it was mainly about Ukrainian and Russian. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:17.070 --> 00:09:19.260 Ukrainian wasn't the language of social NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:19.260 --> 00:09:22.049 mobility so it was in constant decline NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:22.049 --> 00:09:24.300 just before independence in 1991. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:24.300 --> 00:09:27.100 Less than half Ukrainian schools NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:27.100 --> 00:09:29.348 were teaching in Ukrainian, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:29.348 --> 00:09:32.732 and it's effectively was removed from NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:32.732 --> 00:09:36.548 sort of university academic sphere. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:36.550 --> 00:09:37.810 Uh, after independence, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:37.810 --> 00:09:39.910 the language question became like NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:39.910 --> 00:09:41.789 very useful for politicians, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:41.790 --> 00:09:44.148 and they created this oppositional discourse. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:44.150 --> 00:09:47.756 So one part was protecting Ukrainian NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:47.756 --> 00:09:51.430 and advocating that youth universally, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:51.430 --> 00:09:54.010 and the other was advocating making NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:54.010 --> 00:09:56.230 Russian the second official language. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:56.230 --> 00:09:58.610 So instead of constructive reforms, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:09:58.610 --> 00:10:00.770 politicians really exploited this. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:00.770 --> 00:10:03.470 Ukraine adopted Charter of the NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:03.470 --> 00:10:05.700 Regional and Minority Languages NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:05.700 --> 00:10:08.352 and actually there was like effort NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:08.352 --> 00:10:11.560 in 2012 to make Russian official. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:11.560 --> 00:10:15.392 It was claimed that it could be made NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:15.392 --> 00:10:17.420 original language in the eastern NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:17.420 --> 00:10:19.620 and southern regions of Ukraine, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:19.620 --> 00:10:23.442 and it's actually would mean that NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:23.442 --> 00:10:25.990 it would be official. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:25.990 --> 00:10:28.900 But bilingual policy which like NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:28.900 --> 00:10:31.180 considering previous imperial status of NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:31.180 --> 00:10:33.770 Russian would be very beneficial to it. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:33.770 --> 00:10:37.847 There were like a lot of protests against it, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:37.850 --> 00:10:39.362 but then the revolution. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:39.362 --> 00:10:41.252 Maybe you heard about it. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:41.260 --> 00:10:43.365 It's called the Euromaidan Revolution NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:43.365 --> 00:10:44.291 of 2014. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:44.291 --> 00:10:47.297 It's toppled the regime of Victoria NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:47.297 --> 00:10:49.515 Yanukovych and brought some NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:49.515 --> 00:10:50.769 significant change. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:50.770 --> 00:10:52.594 Ukrainian researcher have. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:52.594 --> 00:10:54.418 Latimer colleague emphasizes NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:54.418 --> 00:10:56.242 that the meaning. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:56.250 --> 00:10:58.700 Off belonging to the nation has changed. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:10:58.700 --> 00:11:00.648 It acquired more civic, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:00.648 --> 00:11:04.240 uh forms and uh was manifested in NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:04.240 --> 00:11:07.135 greater alienation from Russia and NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:07.135 --> 00:11:09.488 greater embrace of Ukrainian nationalism. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:09.488 --> 00:11:12.364 And he argues, this nationalism is scenic. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:12.364 --> 00:11:15.293 Then there was allocated lots of funding NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:15.293 --> 00:11:17.457 for Ukrainian cultural production. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:17.460 --> 00:11:20.376 So lots of films and other NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:20.376 --> 00:11:22.320 cultural products were created. NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:22.320 --> 00:11:24.180 And at the same time, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:24.180 --> 00:11:25.320 in Ukraine, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:25.320 --> 00:11:28.684 the films and songs of those in Russia NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:28.684 --> 00:11:31.174 who supported the aggression were, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:31.180 --> 00:11:31.576 uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:31.576 --> 00:11:32.368 were banned, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:32.368 --> 00:11:34.744 so it's created more space for NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:34.744 --> 00:11:36.677 Ukrainian cultural producers then NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:36.677 --> 00:11:39.599 there was where the communization laws, NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:39.600 --> 00:11:42.935 which made quite effective break NOTE Confidence: 0.861488148666667 00:11:42.935 --> 00:11:45.603 with the Soviet past. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:11:45.610 --> 00:11:48.382 Very important law was introduced in NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:11:48.382 --> 00:11:52.026 2019 and I will discuss it a bit later. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:11:52.030 --> 00:11:54.991 Of course, the large the full scale NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:11:54.991 --> 00:11:58.098 invasion of this year changes things and NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:11:58.098 --> 00:12:01.550 I will discuss it with several examples. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:01.550 --> 00:12:03.950 So before going to these examples, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:03.950 --> 00:12:08.232 I explain what methodology I use so, uh. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:08.232 --> 00:12:11.142 It is argued that, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:11.142 --> 00:12:14.110 data triangulation increases research, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:14.110 --> 00:12:15.914 uh, validity and reliability. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:15.914 --> 00:12:19.569 So I combine on and offline research or NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:19.569 --> 00:12:22.586 research on both sides of the screen. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:22.590 --> 00:12:25.525 Online element focuses on theoretical NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:25.525 --> 00:12:28.959 sample of social media groups and NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:28.959 --> 00:12:31.836 I have to say that I predominantly NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:31.836 --> 00:12:34.329 focus on Facebook platform. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:34.330 --> 00:12:36.054 And involves of qualitative NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:36.054 --> 00:12:38.209 content analysis of these groups. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:38.210 --> 00:12:41.576 I also apply link analysis in order to to NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:41.576 --> 00:12:45.035 see how the groups are connected online. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:45.040 --> 00:12:46.960 And of course, it's important to, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:46.960 --> 00:12:48.529 uh, see, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:48.529 --> 00:12:51.667 how language is used through ethnographic NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:51.667 --> 00:12:54.314 observations and it was done in during NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:54.314 --> 00:12:56.899 my previous project along with expert NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:56.899 --> 00:12:59.079 interviews with cultural producers. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:12:59.080 --> 00:13:01.300 So these were writers, poets, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:01.300 --> 00:13:03.168 film and theatrical directors NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:03.168 --> 00:13:05.036 and bloggers in Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:05.040 --> 00:13:09.176 It was in 2018 and now I planned NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:09.176 --> 00:13:11.948 the second round of these studies. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:11.948 --> 00:13:12.956 And of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:12.960 --> 00:13:14.688 for every ethnographic research. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:14.688 --> 00:13:17.280 Small small talks and the detailed NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:17.346 --> 00:13:19.844 field notes, uh are very important, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:19.844 --> 00:13:22.576 so I bring together this, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:22.576 --> 00:13:27.262 different sources of data for my research. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:27.262 --> 00:13:28.850 And now, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:28.850 --> 00:13:31.244 like as I put the title of orgs so NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:31.244 --> 00:13:34.071 I have to explain why this reference NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:34.071 --> 00:13:36.894 to talking comes from initially orgs NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:36.894 --> 00:13:40.386 were those like para militants who NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:40.386 --> 00:13:43.431 were participating in the anti Maidan NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:43.431 --> 00:13:47.350 Pro Russian movement in 2013 2014. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:47.350 --> 00:13:48.976 Uh, but when Russia are next, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:48.980 --> 00:13:50.948 uh, Crimea and UM. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:50.948 --> 00:13:54.330 And also the war started in uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:54.330 --> 00:13:58.251 in the Donbas region in Ukraine in 2014. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:13:58.251 --> 00:14:01.317 This name actually transitioned and was NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:01.317 --> 00:14:04.608 given to either pro Russian militants NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:04.608 --> 00:14:07.383 or Russian soldiers in Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:07.390 --> 00:14:10.264 This picture and then logically Russia NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:10.264 --> 00:14:12.869 was called either Mordor or Ross, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:12.870 --> 00:14:13.392 Mordor. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:13.392 --> 00:14:16.524 This picture is bought by famous NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:16.524 --> 00:14:18.592 Russian painter Nikolai Kapikian, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:18.592 --> 00:14:22.190 so you can see the central org. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:22.190 --> 00:14:26.330 Resembles uh, someone? NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:26.330 --> 00:14:28.826 And the Euromaidan really gave momentum NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:28.826 --> 00:14:32.349 for a lots of initiatives which actually NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:32.349 --> 00:14:35.907 help people to transition into Ukrainian. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:35.910 --> 00:14:37.131 So this group, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:37.131 --> 00:14:40.192 you can see it has nearly 100,000 NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:40.192 --> 00:14:43.769 members and this still lization of The NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:43.769 --> 00:14:46.627 Beatles picture crossing the roads. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:46.630 --> 00:14:49.684 And I have to say that crossing the NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:49.684 --> 00:14:52.463 road and sort of switching to other NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:52.463 --> 00:14:54.986 languages the same word in Ukrainian so. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:54.990 --> 00:14:56.838 But I heard no Ukrainian school. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:56.840 --> 00:14:59.066 And there were like a lot of NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:14:59.066 --> 00:15:00.340 initiatives like this and, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:00.340 --> 00:15:00.694 uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:00.694 --> 00:15:02.464 they share different stories and NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:02.464 --> 00:15:05.029 in many ways it was presented as NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:05.029 --> 00:15:06.819 sort of one way crossing. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:06.820 --> 00:15:09.291 So once you start speaking Ukrainian you NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:09.291 --> 00:15:13.510 don't know you don't go back, so it's like. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:13.510 --> 00:15:17.638 Not any accommodation bilingualism as such. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:17.640 --> 00:15:19.628 But of course, uh. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:19.628 --> 00:15:21.636 There were the, UM, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:21.636 --> 00:15:24.216 the discourse is about language, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:24.220 --> 00:15:27.238 were, uh, very much about security, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:27.240 --> 00:15:28.900 so it was presented that, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:28.900 --> 00:15:30.810 and the some narrative was NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:30.810 --> 00:15:31.574 quite stigmatizing. NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:31.580 --> 00:15:33.458 It was presented that just because NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:33.458 --> 00:15:35.570 people in the Donbas spoke Russian, NOTE Confidence: 0.88142641875 00:15:35.570 --> 00:15:38.274 than Russia invaded and came to protect them. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:38.280 --> 00:15:40.808 So it was like a bit like simplified NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:40.808 --> 00:15:43.060 narrative that when you speak Ukrainian, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:43.060 --> 00:15:45.377 no one will come to protect you. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:45.380 --> 00:15:48.125 Of course, it's a bit naive now and say, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:48.130 --> 00:15:52.340 Russian. What Russia did in Syria? NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:52.340 --> 00:15:55.103 I mean like no one spoke Russian over there, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:55.110 --> 00:15:56.960 but it's hardly helped Syrian NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:56.960 --> 00:15:59.350 people and over here this poster. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:15:59.350 --> 00:16:01.552 It's actually shows like unique letters NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:01.552 --> 00:16:03.600 of Ukrainian and Russian alphabet. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:03.600 --> 00:16:05.530 So it's he and young. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:05.530 --> 00:16:08.050 And it shows that Ukrainian NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:08.050 --> 00:16:10.570 the switch to Ukrainian should NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:10.570 --> 00:16:13.620 help to repel the aggression. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:13.620 --> 00:16:15.070 And of course there would NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:15.070 --> 00:16:16.520 be a lot of stigmatization. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:16.520 --> 00:16:17.424 Uh, so. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:17.424 --> 00:16:20.588 Those Ukrainians who who spoke Russian were NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:20.588 --> 00:16:23.638 presented as sort of not loyal to the state, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:23.640 --> 00:16:25.800 and this particular poster NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:25.800 --> 00:16:27.960 presents a Russian speaker, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:27.960 --> 00:16:32.776 so it likens Russian speaker to Alcoholics. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:32.780 --> 00:16:37.290 So it's says this Ukrainian once he NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:37.290 --> 00:16:39.915 drinks alcohol, he's called alcoholic, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:39.920 --> 00:16:43.252 but when he speaks Russian, no one. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:43.252 --> 00:16:46.444 Like admits that he's like being Russified, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:46.450 --> 00:16:48.798 so it's like really, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:48.798 --> 00:16:51.692 not very pleasant stigmatization strategy, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:51.692 --> 00:16:55.486 but there were like voices against it, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:55.490 --> 00:16:59.020 so one famous Ukrainian writer, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:16:59.020 --> 00:17:00.511 Yuri and Rohlich, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:00.511 --> 00:17:02.998 has written an essay presenting NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:02.998 --> 00:17:05.986 Eastern Ukrainians as being like a NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:05.986 --> 00:17:08.889 flower culture and speaking Russian. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:08.890 --> 00:17:11.910 And, uh, the activist and. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:11.910 --> 00:17:13.524 Our cultural curator, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:13.524 --> 00:17:16.214 Ivanna Skiba Yakubova has written NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:16.214 --> 00:17:18.889 a brilliant response to this NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:18.889 --> 00:17:20.909 essay saying the following. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:20.910 --> 00:17:22.074 I can read it. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:22.074 --> 00:17:24.196 It's hard to resolve the respect not NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:24.196 --> 00:17:26.056 to suspect that the the deafness NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:26.056 --> 00:17:28.182 of person who and she speaks NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:28.182 --> 00:17:30.072 about this writer while visiting NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:30.072 --> 00:17:32.454 hierarchy for several times a year. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:32.454 --> 00:17:34.484 Still things that the Ukrainian NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:34.484 --> 00:17:36.730 language would make faces long here. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:36.730 --> 00:17:38.330 Maybe it was like this. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:38.330 --> 00:17:40.545 During his first visit to NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:40.545 --> 00:17:42.317 Harkov 20 years ago. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:42.320 --> 00:17:44.861 When a young Ukrainian poet Jadan was NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:44.861 --> 00:17:47.418 meeting him at the railway station. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:47.420 --> 00:17:49.569 It is time to leave that Soviet NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:49.569 --> 00:17:51.860 static vision in the past and to NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:51.860 --> 00:17:53.816 notice that the reality is changing NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:53.820 --> 00:17:55.740 the paramount paramount value of NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:55.740 --> 00:17:58.180 each language is that every region, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:58.180 --> 00:17:59.323 and frankly speaking, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:17:59.323 --> 00:18:01.990 in every social group we can find NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:02.062 --> 00:18:04.277 the words people can understand. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:04.280 --> 00:18:05.340 They're all to the east, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:05.340 --> 00:18:07.916 and she refers to eastern Ukraine is NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:07.916 --> 00:18:09.896 never easy, and the road to the West, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:09.900 --> 00:18:11.600 and she refers to Europe. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:11.600 --> 00:18:15.580 European integration of Ukraine neither. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:15.580 --> 00:18:19.420 And also in this cultural production NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:19.420 --> 00:18:23.308 there were like very like great NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:23.308 --> 00:18:25.920 attempts to embrace multilingualism NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:25.920 --> 00:18:28.400 and promote Ukrainian without NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:28.400 --> 00:18:30.880 stigmatization of Russian speakers. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:30.880 --> 00:18:34.715 So the award winning screenwriter NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:34.715 --> 00:18:36.249 Natalia verse. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:36.250 --> 00:18:40.722 Uh, explains why in his UM, in in, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:40.722 --> 00:18:43.652 in in her uh, movie called Cyborgs, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:43.652 --> 00:18:46.976 which was about Ukrainian soldiers who NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:46.976 --> 00:18:50.522 were defending an airport in Donetsk, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:50.522 --> 00:18:53.187 why the characters speak different NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:53.187 --> 00:18:55.820 languages and some speak non NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:55.820 --> 00:18:57.818 standard languages, some dialects. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:18:57.818 --> 00:19:00.288 So she says the following. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:00.290 --> 00:19:01.818 I'm afraid of extremes. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:01.818 --> 00:19:04.110 So that's why serpina and this NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:04.183 --> 00:19:06.658 character from characters from the. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:06.660 --> 00:19:09.024 In the movie represent those extremes NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:09.024 --> 00:19:11.339 I know and understand the truth, NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:11.340 --> 00:19:12.960 that each of them has. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:12.960 --> 00:19:14.590 I also understand that none NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:14.590 --> 00:19:16.220 of these truths can win. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:16.220 --> 00:19:18.176 There is nothing bad that people NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:18.176 --> 00:19:19.480 have different opinions and NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:19.543 --> 00:19:20.959 see the world differently. NOTE Confidence: 0.902257635714286 00:19:20.960 --> 00:19:23.894 Someone can be left and someone can be right. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:23.900 --> 00:19:26.784 If someone is cultured and then she NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:26.784 --> 00:19:29.381 understands that we should unite for NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:29.381 --> 00:19:31.943 something more important and that we NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:31.943 --> 00:19:35.012 can find a compromise. So it's like, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:35.012 --> 00:19:37.436 really this open-ended frame which allows. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:37.440 --> 00:19:38.844 Of promote Ukrainian, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:38.844 --> 00:19:42.120 but at the same time allows UM, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:42.120 --> 00:19:44.829 various linguistics forms NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:44.829 --> 00:19:47.538 to exist comfortably. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:47.540 --> 00:19:50.108 And then this, uh, language law? NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:50.110 --> 00:19:51.900 Uh, which I have mentioned, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:51.900 --> 00:19:53.844 uh, you can read this paper NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:53.844 --> 00:19:56.280 by me on the conversation. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:56.280 --> 00:19:58.696 So it was like heavily criticized in Russia, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:19:58.700 --> 00:20:01.780 presenting that. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:01.780 --> 00:20:05.116 It would somehow suppress Russian speakers, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:05.120 --> 00:20:07.591 but in this paper I actually show NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:07.591 --> 00:20:09.719 that it supports my minorities. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:09.720 --> 00:20:13.318 It's main aim is to make a NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:13.320 --> 00:20:15.925 Ukrainian universal so a person NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:15.925 --> 00:20:18.009 speaking Ukrainian can receive NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:18.009 --> 00:20:20.345 services and support in Ukrainian NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:20.345 --> 00:20:22.943 language in every part of Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:22.950 --> 00:20:23.778 And, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:23.778 --> 00:20:25.848 it's also done like important NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:25.848 --> 00:20:27.642 work in recognizing languages NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:27.642 --> 00:20:29.554 of Ukrainian indigenous people NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:29.554 --> 00:20:31.944 such as Crimea and Tatars. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:31.950 --> 00:20:34.354 Carins and cream chucks. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:34.354 --> 00:20:37.960 So that's why like enforcing this, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:37.960 --> 00:20:39.352 uh, I mean, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:39.352 --> 00:20:42.600 like law would only mean the elevation NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:42.701 --> 00:20:46.415 of Ukrainian as truly official language, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:46.420 --> 00:20:48.430 and then it would actually NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:48.430 --> 00:20:51.760 provide support for minorities. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:51.760 --> 00:20:54.430 And then we have the invasion NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:54.430 --> 00:20:58.420 and there is a lot of content NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:20:58.420 --> 00:21:02.315 coming from it as we know it's the NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:02.315 --> 00:21:04.815 most documented war so far and NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:04.815 --> 00:21:07.370 language is at the heart of it. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:07.370 --> 00:21:09.368 So during the initial stage there NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:09.368 --> 00:21:12.329 were a lot of like saboteur groups NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:12.329 --> 00:21:14.397 in different Ukrainian cities. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:14.400 --> 00:21:16.120 And. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:16.120 --> 00:21:18.320 I mean like it's hard to say fun NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:18.320 --> 00:21:21.058 and in this context there was like NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:21.058 --> 00:21:23.173 a short Ukrainian language tests NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:23.249 --> 00:21:25.535 in order to identify Russians who NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:25.535 --> 00:21:28.036 came to Ukraine with specific AIDS. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:28.036 --> 00:21:31.940 And one of these tests actually really short. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:31.940 --> 00:21:36.038 One is to say the words. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:36.040 --> 00:21:38.380 Which is apparently very hard for NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:38.380 --> 00:21:40.520 Russian speaker to pronounce and NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:40.520 --> 00:21:45.272 social media are full of this of these tests. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:45.272 --> 00:21:46.120 And yeah, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:46.120 --> 00:21:49.396 Internet meme is made from this movie. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:49.400 --> 00:21:53.090 You probably watched the arrival. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:53.090 --> 00:21:54.170 So once again, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:54.170 --> 00:21:56.803 a language is the matter of, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:21:56.803 --> 00:22:00.114 security and over here it it was NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:00.114 --> 00:22:03.739 used very in very instrumental way. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:03.740 --> 00:22:06.400 And, uh, before the full scale invasion, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:06.400 --> 00:22:08.092 there are of course in public NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:08.092 --> 00:22:09.220 space there would be, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:09.220 --> 00:22:13.438 or voices heard advocating for uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:13.440 --> 00:22:15.660 for the existence of Russian language. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:15.660 --> 00:22:18.198 So some would say that it's NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:18.198 --> 00:22:19.467 actually a function. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:19.470 --> 00:22:21.405 It's good that people know NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:21.405 --> 00:22:22.953 such a big language, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:22.960 --> 00:22:25.125 and it's also an important NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:25.125 --> 00:22:26.857 gateway to Russian culture, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:26.860 --> 00:22:28.680 which many people associate NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:28.680 --> 00:22:30.500 Russia in the West. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:30.500 --> 00:22:33.804 So of course it's related to Tolstoy. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:33.810 --> 00:22:35.574 Industry Husky saw, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:35.574 --> 00:22:38.514 joked jokingly called Tolstaya Esky. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:38.520 --> 00:22:41.826 So in a way it justifies NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:41.826 --> 00:22:43.628 this Russian ambition, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:43.628 --> 00:22:45.500 ambitions geopolitical ambitions. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:45.500 --> 00:22:49.245 Just because there is this layer of. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:49.250 --> 00:22:51.900 Of uh, uh Russian culture, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:51.900 --> 00:22:53.868 but with the invasion, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:53.868 --> 00:22:55.836 it's actually relaunched this NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:22:55.840 --> 00:23:01.070 debate about the the future of. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:01.070 --> 00:23:02.042 Or Russian culture. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:02.042 --> 00:23:04.772 And on the left you can see the NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:04.772 --> 00:23:07.046 monument to the Russian, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:07.046 --> 00:23:11.970 national poet Alexander Pushkin and. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:11.970 --> 00:23:13.070 After, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:13.070 --> 00:23:16.370 the crimes in Butcher were revealed. NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:16.370 --> 00:23:18.674 There was like a really big NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:18.674 --> 00:23:20.910 movement in Ukraine in removing NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:20.910 --> 00:23:24.830 not only removing the monuments NOTE Confidence: 0.878177703913044 00:23:24.830 --> 00:23:28.190 of writers and poets of Russia NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:28.190 --> 00:23:30.890 and Pushkin wasn't an exception. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:30.890 --> 00:23:33.250 And then a lot of in public discourses, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:33.250 --> 00:23:36.826 there is a big emergence of big debates NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:36.830 --> 00:23:39.847 about the heritage of this cultural heritage. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:39.850 --> 00:23:41.488 And there are lots of essays NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:41.488 --> 00:23:43.050 which actually trying to connect. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:43.050 --> 00:23:45.647 So you have ski say or Pushkin NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:45.647 --> 00:23:47.990 to the ongoing events. Of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:47.990 --> 00:23:49.950 then not all of them are convincing, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:49.950 --> 00:23:52.500 so there's like initial claim that NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:52.500 --> 00:23:54.964 this like chauvinism and aggressive NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:54.964 --> 00:23:57.019 attitude towards Ukrainian. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:57.020 --> 00:23:59.356 That's actually imprinted in NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:23:59.356 --> 00:24:01.108 those famous texts. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:01.110 --> 00:24:03.504 So you can see the example NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:03.504 --> 00:24:06.130 of such essay on your left. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:06.130 --> 00:24:07.306 And, of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:07.306 --> 00:24:10.050 uh from time to time there are NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:10.135 --> 00:24:12.179 this like reemerging UM. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:12.180 --> 00:24:15.568 Memes and events which spark public debates? NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:15.570 --> 00:24:19.476 So when Russia has taken a Mariupol, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:19.480 --> 00:24:23.336 the road signs in Ukrainian and English were NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:23.336 --> 00:24:26.117 quickly replaced with the Russian ones, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:26.120 --> 00:24:28.528 and then you can see this caricature NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:28.528 --> 00:24:29.560 on the right. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:29.560 --> 00:24:35.926 It's shows that this workers actually. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:35.930 --> 00:24:37.682 Tolstoy and Pushkin presented NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:37.682 --> 00:24:39.201 as this workers, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:39.201 --> 00:24:41.765 which actually symbolically have NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:41.765 --> 00:24:44.970 to remove Ukrainian from Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:44.970 --> 00:24:48.239 So in a way they are serving NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:48.239 --> 00:24:49.640 the Russian aggression. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:49.640 --> 00:24:53.875 And as eastern Ukrainian cities been bombed, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:53.880 --> 00:24:57.646 uh, most of the refugees in Europe NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:24:57.646 --> 00:25:00.076 and internal internally displaced NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:00.076 --> 00:25:02.968 persons from eastern Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:02.970 --> 00:25:05.235 And their arrival to western NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:05.235 --> 00:25:07.500 Ukraine and also abroad sparks, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:07.500 --> 00:25:10.188 uh, different uh, debates. NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:10.188 --> 00:25:13.020 So, uh, first about refugees, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:13.020 --> 00:25:15.840 uh, this, uh post which asks, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:15.840 --> 00:25:17.382 uh, is there, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:17.382 --> 00:25:17.896 uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:17.896 --> 00:25:20.466 a Russian speaking school for NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:20.466 --> 00:25:23.381 Ukrainian for Ukrainian children in NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:23.381 --> 00:25:26.050 Krakow it was reposted for thousands NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:26.050 --> 00:25:28.140 of times and really criticized, NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:28.140 --> 00:25:30.504 especially by those who would be NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:30.504 --> 00:25:32.530 justifying of saying that the NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:32.530 --> 00:25:34.430 Russian aggression is caused by NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:34.430 --> 00:25:36.837 the fact that people spoke Russian NOTE Confidence: 0.688535834 00:25:36.837 --> 00:25:38.465 in eastern Ukraine so. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:40.770 --> 00:25:42.243 This lady, yeah, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:42.243 --> 00:25:45.189 was ridiculed about this this question. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:45.190 --> 00:25:48.947 So many people would be saying that after NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:48.947 --> 00:25:52.469 having this horrible experience with Russia, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:52.470 --> 00:25:54.262 people logically should distance NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:54.262 --> 00:25:56.502 themselves from the Russian language, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:56.510 --> 00:25:58.946 the orc language or from the language NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:25:58.946 --> 00:26:02.070 of the aggressor, not otherwise. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:02.070 --> 00:26:03.764 And then, uh, there is a Blogger. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:03.770 --> 00:26:05.790 Uh, displays Blogger and NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:05.790 --> 00:26:08.238 educator from Harkov who now, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:08.238 --> 00:26:10.558 uh, forced to live abroad. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:10.560 --> 00:26:14.166 He says the following in his NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:14.166 --> 00:26:17.318 recent Facebook Post I can see new NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:17.318 --> 00:26:19.003 debates about language on Facebook. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:19.010 --> 00:26:20.510 I have solved this problem NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:20.510 --> 00:26:22.010 for myself long time ago. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:22.010 --> 00:26:24.509 I do not use Russian in public. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:24.510 --> 00:26:26.610 I now live abroad and do not NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:26.610 --> 00:26:29.289 want to be identified as Russian. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:29.290 --> 00:26:30.084 So however, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:30.084 --> 00:26:33.260 at one of the schools where I taught, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:33.260 --> 00:26:34.950 Russian was a contract requirement. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:34.950 --> 00:26:37.918 So so he still was teaching Russian. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:37.920 --> 00:26:39.880 And then he said that the boy from NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:39.880 --> 00:26:41.513 that school has recently switched NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:41.513 --> 00:26:43.328 to Ukrainian and when I asked NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:43.328 --> 00:26:45.419 him why he has decided to do so, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:45.420 --> 00:26:48.396 he replied just because we have the war. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:48.400 --> 00:26:51.992 So it's once again the war presented NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:51.992 --> 00:26:55.680 as the main driver that Ukrainians NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:55.680 --> 00:26:59.818 have stopped to use Russian and just NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:26:59.818 --> 00:27:02.751 two days ago there is like widely NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:02.751 --> 00:27:05.606 discussed and circulated video of a NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:05.606 --> 00:27:07.775 volunteer distributors and humanitarian. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:07.775 --> 00:27:10.035 AIDS in western Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:10.040 --> 00:27:11.937 And there there are, like several ladies, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:11.940 --> 00:27:13.824 apparently from eastern Ukraine NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:13.824 --> 00:27:16.179 speaking to him in Russian. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:16.180 --> 00:27:18.634 And he's replying that I'm not NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:18.634 --> 00:27:20.990 obliged to understand this language. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:20.990 --> 00:27:23.942 And they're like really, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:23.942 --> 00:27:26.789 like a lot of. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:26.790 --> 00:27:28.930 Discussions around it and these NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:28.930 --> 00:27:30.642 ladies are heavily criticized, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:30.650 --> 00:27:34.370 so these dramatic events really NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:34.370 --> 00:27:39.070 radicalized the discourses about language. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:39.070 --> 00:27:40.800 Of course, it's quite quite NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:40.800 --> 00:27:42.530 early to draw some conclusions, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:42.530 --> 00:27:46.946 but from data what I which I have, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:46.950 --> 00:27:49.130 this could be the following. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:49.130 --> 00:27:51.394 So there is like really dynamic and change NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:51.394 --> 00:27:53.962 in role of languages in the Ukrainian NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:53.962 --> 00:27:56.510 national building project and the war. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:56.510 --> 00:27:59.282 It's initial stage in 2014 NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:27:59.282 --> 00:28:02.078 really reinforced Ukrainian, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:02.078 --> 00:28:05.806 but of course it's. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:05.810 --> 00:28:06.149 Generally, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:06.149 --> 00:28:08.522 the use of Russian in the private NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:08.522 --> 00:28:10.269 sphere is not stigmatized, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:10.270 --> 00:28:13.168 and it's it's really still widely used, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:13.170 --> 00:28:15.900 although it's possible to observe that NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:15.900 --> 00:28:20.001 there is like this big drive for people NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:20.001 --> 00:28:22.197 switching to Ukrainian completely. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:22.200 --> 00:28:24.680 And of course, UM. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:24.680 --> 00:28:27.740 For this like oppositional discourse, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:27.740 --> 00:28:29.960 it was initially important that NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:29.960 --> 00:28:32.180 it was exploited by politicians. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:32.180 --> 00:28:34.884 But also we should not rule out the NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:34.884 --> 00:28:37.680 emergence of Russia as new imperial power. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:37.680 --> 00:28:40.080 So these discourses of protecting NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:40.080 --> 00:28:41.040 Russian speakers. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:41.040 --> 00:28:43.136 They really polarize societies, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:43.136 --> 00:28:46.280 not only not only Ukrainian society, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:46.280 --> 00:28:48.395 but of course similar processes NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:48.395 --> 00:28:50.510 could be observed in Kazakhstan. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:50.510 --> 00:28:54.780 In Baltic states such as Latvia and. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:54.780 --> 00:28:55.295 Tonia. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:55.295 --> 00:28:58.946 And then, uh, with the war, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:28:58.946 --> 00:29:01.726 language becomes like an integral, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:01.730 --> 00:29:05.705 an integral part of secular NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:05.705 --> 00:29:06.972 securitization discourse. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:06.972 --> 00:29:10.276 So it's not just that the matter NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:10.276 --> 00:29:12.508 of personal choice or not, NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:12.510 --> 00:29:15.110 just natural means of communication. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:15.110 --> 00:29:17.702 It is presented as much as NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:17.702 --> 00:29:19.430 very much about security. NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:19.430 --> 00:29:21.716 And there is lots of studies NOTE Confidence: 0.768378713333333 00:29:21.716 --> 00:29:23.240 which were before the. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:25.710 --> 00:29:27.990 Before the invasion they showed this, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:27.990 --> 00:29:31.458 like distancing from russianness. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:31.460 --> 00:29:33.938 But what will will be the future? NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:33.940 --> 00:29:36.652 It's hard to tell Ukraine is NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:36.652 --> 00:29:38.460 fighting for its survival, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:38.460 --> 00:29:41.124 but not only that, it fights for its, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:41.130 --> 00:29:44.040 uh, democratic and European future. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:44.040 --> 00:29:45.636 And of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:45.636 --> 00:29:48.710 any democracy is based on the recognition NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:48.710 --> 00:29:50.720 and preservation of their diversity. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:50.720 --> 00:29:52.920 So Ukraine should not only NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:52.920 --> 00:29:54.240 repel the attacker, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:54.240 --> 00:29:57.880 but also avoid to becoming something like it. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:29:57.880 --> 00:30:01.306 So I think this citation. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:01.306 --> 00:30:03.926 From Craig Calhoun, is, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:03.926 --> 00:30:05.706 explaining the goal of Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:05.710 --> 00:30:06.805 It is, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:06.805 --> 00:30:08.630 the very nature of democracy, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:08.630 --> 00:30:10.709 that it should exist in plural forms NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:10.709 --> 00:30:12.846 created by different people as they NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:12.846 --> 00:30:14.426 struggle with different circumstances, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:14.430 --> 00:30:16.130 which are obviously very NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:16.130 --> 00:30:17.405 dramatic for Ukraine. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:17.410 --> 00:30:18.961 Now nations reflect NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:18.961 --> 00:30:21.546 communities not merely of fate, NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:21.550 --> 00:30:25.516 but of mutual and collective responsibility. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:25.520 --> 00:30:26.660 So this is it. NOTE Confidence: 0.830900903333333 00:30:26.660 --> 00:30:29.110 Thank you very much for your attention. NOTE Confidence: 0.854342738 00:30:33.850 --> 00:30:38.845 Thank you very much, Evan UMI will end NOTE Confidence: 0.854342738 00:30:38.845 --> 00:30:41.995 the recording now for the discussion.