Hatton and Sosso groups report a zinc-based transparent electrode for organic solar cells in Advanced Energy Materials.

"Zinc Grid Based Transparent Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaics"

Philip Bellchambers, Louis Ammon, Arielle Fitkin, Matthew Dingley, Marc Walker, Szymon Abrahamczyk, Callum Pritchard, Gabriele C. Sosso, Ross A. Hatton

First published: 16 January 2025 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202405148Link opens in a new window

Abstract

Zinc is the 5th most electrically conductive metal and is a fraction of the cost of the most widely used transparent electrode materials; silver, indium-tin oxide and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, but has been surprisingly overlooked as a current carrying element in organic photovoltaics. We report a transparent flexible electrode based on an embedded zinc grid with ~1 micron linewidth and demonstrate its utility as a drop-in replacement for indium-tin oxide coated glass electrodes in model organic photovoltaic devices. The zinc grids are fabricated using the unconventional approach of condensation coefficient modulation, using a micro-contact printed patterned layer of poly(perfluorooctylmethylmethacrylate) to resist zinc condensation in the gaps between grid lines, together with a copper acetylacetonate seed layer to nucleate zinc condensation where grid lines are required. Density functional theory calculations of the strength of the interaction between zinc atoms and this fluorinated polymer provide fundamental insight into why the latter is so effective at resisting zinc condensation. The resulting zinc grid is embedded in a flexible polymer support and transferred to a flexible plastic substrate by delamination, which enables recovery and reuse of the fluorinated polymer.