Professor D James Nokes

Job Title

Professor

Department

Life Sciences

Phone

76524550

D.J.Nokes@warwick.ac.uk

Web Link

Kemri

Research Interests

We have a programme of research that focuses on the investigation of patterns of infection of viruses of medical importance (eg measles, rubella, hepatitis B and respiratory syncytial viruses), predominantly in developing countries (Ethiopia and Kenya). The central objectives are to develop understanding of the factors determining infection dynamics, in relation to host behaviour and demography, and parasite strain structure, and to provide a framework for optimising the design of control programmes. Projects involve a combination of data collection (eg community based sampling of serum, saliva and respiratory fluids), laboratory analysis (serology and molecular genotyping) and mathematical and statistical modelling. Field projects are currently underway in Ethiopia and Kenya. The research is multidisciplinary and collaborative, with applications to public health policy.

Mwaniki, M.K., Nokes, D. James, Ignas, J., Munywoki, P., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Newton, R.J.C., Maitland, Kathryn, Berkley, James A.. Emergency triage assessment for hypoxaemia in neonates and young children in a Kenyan hospital: an observational study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol.87 (No.4), pp. 263-324
Owuor, D. Collins, Ngoi, Joyce M., Otieno, James R., Otieno, Grieven P., Nyasimi, Festus M., Nyiro, Joyce U., Agoti, Charles N., Chaves, Sandra S., Nokes, D. James, 2020. Genetic characterization of influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulating in coastal Kenya, 2009-2017. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
Kamau, E., Onyango, C. O., Otieno, G. P., Kiyuka, P. K., Agoti, C. N., Medley, G. F., Cane, P. A., Nokes, D. James, Munywoki, P. K., 2019. An intensive, active surveillance reveals continuous invasion and high diversity of rhinovirus in households. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 219 (7), pp. 1049-1057
Kamau, Everlyn, Agoti, Charles N., Ngoi, Joyce M., de Laurent, Zaydah R., Gitonga, John, Cotten, Matthew, Phan, My V. T., Nokes, D. James, Delwart, Eric, Sanders, Eduard, Warimwe, George M., Dunning Hotopp, Julie C., 2019. Complete genome sequences of dengue virus type 2 strains from Kilifi, Kenya. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8 (4)
Nyiro, Joyce, Kiyuka, Patience K., Mutunga, Martin N., Sande, Charles J., Munywoki, Patrick K., Scott, J. Anthony G., Nokes, D. James, 2019. Agreement between ELISA and plaque reduction neutralisation assay in detection of respiratory syncytial virus specific antibodies in a birth Cohort from Kilifi, coastal Kenya. Wellcome Open Research, 4
Agoti, Charles N., Phan, My V. T., Munywoki, Patrick K., Githinji, George, Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia A., Kellam, Paul, Cotton, Matthew, Nokes, D. James, 2019. Genomic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infections in households and utility in inferring who infects the infant. Scientific Reports
Sand, Charles, Njunge, James, Mwongeli, Joyce, Mutunga, Martin, Chege, Timothy, Gicheru, Elijah, Gardiner, Elizabeth, Gwela, Agnes, Drysdale, Simon, Green, Christopher, Berkley, James, Nokes, D. James, Pollard, Andrew J., 2019. Airway response to respiratory syncytial virus has incidental antibacterial effects. Nature Communications, 10 (1)
Li, You, Reeves, Rachel M, Wang, Xin, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W Abdullah, Cohen, Cheryl, Moore, David P, Nunes, Marta, Rath, Barbara, Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, Acacio, Sozinho, Alonso, Wladimir J, Antonio, Martin, Ayora Talavera, Guadalupe, Badarch, Darmaa, Baillie, Vicky L, Barrera-Badillo, Gisela, Bigogo, Godfrey, Broor, Shobha, Bruden, Dana, Buchy, Philippe, Byass, Peter, Chipeta, James, Clara, Wilfrido, Dang, Duc-Anh, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Carla Cecília, de Jong, Menno, Díaz-Quiñonez, José Alberto, Do, Lien Anh Ha, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Feng, Luzhao, Ferson, Mark J, Gentile, Angela, Gessner, Bradford D, Goswami, Doli, Goyet, Sophie, Grijalva, Carlos G, Halasa, Natasha, Hellferscee, Orienka, Hessong, Danielle, Homaira, Nusrat, Jara, Jorge, Kahn, Kathleen, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Kotloff, Karen L, Lanata, Claudio F, Lopez, Olga, Lopez Bolaños, Maria Renee, Lucero, Marilla G, Lucion, Florencia, Lupisan, Socorro P, Madhi, Shabir A, Mekgoe, Omphile, Moraleda, Cinta, Moyes, Jocelyn, Mulholland, Kim, Munywoki, Patrick K, Naby, Fathima, Nguyen, Thanh Hung, Nicol, Mark P, Nokes, D. James, Noyola, Daniel E, Onozuka, Daisuke, Palani, Nandhini, Poovorawan, Yong, Rahman, Mustafizur, Ramaekers, Kaat, Romero, Candice, Schlaudecker, Elizabeth P, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Seidenberg, Phil, Simoes, Eric A F, Singleton, Rosalyn, Sistla, Sujatha, Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine, Suntronwong, Nungruthai, Sutanto, Agustinus, Tapia, Milagritos D, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Thongpan, Ilada, Tillekeratne, Gayani, Tinoco, Yeny O, Treurnicht, Florette K, Turner, Claudia, Turner, Paul, van Doorn, Rogier, Van Ranst, Marc, Visseaux, Benoit, Waicharoen, Sunthareeya, Wang, Jianwei, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J, 2019. Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus : a systematic analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 7 (8), pp. e1031-e1045
Khagayi, Sammy, Omore, Richard, Otieno, Grieven P., Ogwel, Billy, Ochieng, John B., Juma, Jane, Apondi, Evans, Bigogo, Godfrey, Onyango, Clayton, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Njeru, Regina, Owor, Betty E., Mwanga, Mike J., Addo, Yaw, Tabu, Collins, Amwayi, Anyangu, Mwenda, Jason M., Tate, Jacqueline E., Parashar, Umesh D., Breiman, Robert F., Nokes, D. James, Verani, Jennifer R., 2019. Effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine against hospitalization with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in Kenyan children. Clinical Infectious Diseases
Oketch, John W., Kamau, Everlyn, Otieno, Grieven P., Otieno, James R., Agoti, Charles N., Nokes, D. James, 2019. Human metapneumovirus prevalence and patterns of subgroup persistence identified through surveillance of pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions in coastal Kenya, 2007?2016. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19 (1)
Kiti, Moses Chapa, Melegaro, Alessia, Cattuto, Ciro, Nokes, D. James, 2019. Study design and protocol for investigating social network patterns in rural and urban schools and households in a coastal setting in Kenya using wearable proximity sensors. Wellcome Open Research, 4
Otieno, G. P., Bottomley, C., Khagayi, S., Adetifa, I., Ngama, M., Omore, R., Ogwel, B., Owor, B. E., Bigogo, G., Ochieng, J. B., Onyango, C., Juma, J., Mwenda, J., Tabu, C., Tate, J. E., Addo, Y., Britton, T., Parashar, U. D., Breiman, R. F., Verani, J. R., Nokes, D. J., 2019. Impact of the introduction of rotavirus vaccine on hospital admissions for diarrhoea among children in Kenya : a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases
Kamau, Everlyn, Luka, Martha M., de Laurent, Zaydah R., Adema, Irene, Agoti, Charles N., Nokes, D. James, 2019. Genome sequences of human coronavirus OC43 and NL63, associated with respiratory infections in Kilifi, Kenya. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8 (46)
Kamau, Everlyn, Oketch, John W., de Laurent, Zaydah R., Phan, My V. T., Agoti, Charles N., Nokes, D. James, Cotton, Matthew, 2019. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia. BMC Genomics
Otieno, J. R., Kamau, E. M., Oketch, J. W., Ngoi, J. M., Gichuki, A. M., Binter, ?., Otieno, G. P., Ngama, M., Agoti, C. N., Cane, P. A., Kellam, P., Cotten, M., Lemey, P., Nokes, D. James, 2018. Whole genome analysis of local Kenyan and global sequences unravels the epidemiological and molecular evolutionary dynamics of RSV genotype ON1 strains. Virus Evolution, 4 (2)
Mohammed, Khadija Said, Kibinge, Nelson, Prins, Pjotr, Agoti, Charles N., Cotten, Matthew, Nokes, D. James, Brand, Samuel, Githinji, George, 2018. Evaluating the performance of tools used to call minority variants from whole genome short-read data. Wellcome Open Research, 3
Sande, Charles J., Mutunga, Martin, Muteti, Jacqueline, Berkley, James A., Nokes, D. James, Njunge, James, 2018. Untargeted analysis of the airway proteomes of children with respiratory infections using mass spectrometry based proteomics. Scientific Reports, 8 (1)
Morobe, John Mwita, Nyiro, Joyce, Brand, Samuel, Kamau, Everlyn, Gicheru, Elijah, Eyase, Fredrick, Otieno, Grieven, Munywoki, Patrick, Agoti, Charles, Nokes, D. James, 2018. Human rhinovirus spatial-temporal epidemiology in rural coastal Kenya, 2015-2016, observed through outpatient surveillance. Wellcome Open Research, 3
Kombe, Ivy K., Munywoki, Patrick K., Baguelin, Marc, Nokes, D. James, Medley, Graham, 2018. Model-based estimates of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus within households. Epidemics
Morpeth, Susan C., Munywoki, Patrick, Hammitt, Laura L., Bett, Anne, Bottomley, Christian, Onyango, Clayton O., Murdoch, David R., Nokes, D. James, Scott, J. Anthony G., 2018. Impact of viral upper respiratory tract infection on the concentration of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage among Kenyan children. Scientific Reports, 8 (1)
Nyiro, Joyce Uchi, Munywoki, Patrick, Kamau, Everlyn, Agoti, Charles, Gichuki, Alex, Etyang, Timothy, Otieno, Grieven, Nokes, D. James, 2018. Surveillance of respiratory viruses in the outpatient setting in rural coastal Kenya : baseline epidemiological observations. Wellcome Open Research, 3
Munywoki, Patrick K., Koech, Dorothy C, Agoti, Charles N., Cane, Patricia A., Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, 2018. Continuous invasion by respiratory viruses observed in rural households during a respiratory syncytial virus seasonal outbreak in coastal Kenya. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 67 (10), pp. 1559-1567
Kiyuka, Patience K, Agoti, Charles N, Munywoki, Patrick K, Njeru, Regina, Bett, Anne, Otieno, James R, Otieno, Grieven P, Kamau, Everlyn, Clark, Taane G, van der Hoek, Lia, Kellam, Paul, Nokes, D. James, Cotten, Matthew, 2018. Human coronavirus NL63 molecular epidemiology and evolutionary patterns in rural coastal Kenya. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 217 (11), pp. 1728-1739
Owor, Betty E., Mwanga, Mike J., Njeru, Regina, Mugo, Robert, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Otieno, Grieven P., Nokes, D. James, Agoti, C.N., 2018. Molecular characterization of rotavirus group A strains circulating prior to vaccine introduction in rural coastal Kenya, 2002-2013. Wellcome Open Research, 3
Flasche, Stefan, Ojal, John, Le Polain de Waroux, Olivier, Otiende, Mark, O'Brien, Katherine L., Kiti, Moses, Nokes, D. James, Edmunds, W John, Scott, J. Anthony G., 2017. Assessing the efficiency of catch-up campaigns for the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine : a modelling study based on data from PCV10 introduction in Kilifi, Kenya. BMC Medicine, 15 (1)
Scheltema, Nienke M., Gentile, Angela, Lucion, Florencia, Nokes, D. James, Munywoki, Patrick K., Madhi, Shabir A., Groome, Michelle J., Cohen, Cheryl, Moyes, Jocelyn, Thorburn, Kentigern, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Oshitani, Hitoshi, Lupisan, Socorro P., Gordon, Aubree, Sánchez, José F., O'Brien, Katherine L., Gessner, Bradford D., Sutanto, Agustinus, Mejias, Asuncion, Ramilo, Octavio, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Halasa, Natasha, de-Paris, Fernanda, Pires, Márcia Rosane, Spaeder, Michael C., Paes, Bosco A., Simões, Eric A. F., Leung, Ting F., da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Carla Cecília, Bassat, Quique, Butt, Warwick, Chi, Hsin, Aamir, Uzma Bashir, Ali, Asad, Lucero, Marilla G., Fasce, Rodrigo A., Lopez, Olga, Rath, Barbara A., Polack, Fernando P., Papenburg, Jesse, Roglic, Srdan, Ito, Hisato, Goka, Edward A., Grobbee, Diederick E., Nair, Harish, Bont, Louis J., 2017. Global respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in young children (RSV GOLD) : a retrospective case series. The Lancet Global Health, 5 (10), pp. e984-e991
Ngari, Moses M., Fegan, Greg, Mwangome, Martha K., Ngama, Mwanajuma J., Mturi, Neema, Scott, John Anthony Gerard, Bauni, Evasius, Nokes, D. James, Berkley, James A., 2017. Mortality after inpatient treatment for severe pneumonia in children : a cohort study.. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 31 (3), pp. 233-242
Pan-Ngum, Wirichada, Kinyanjui, Timothy M., Kiti, Moses C., Taylor, Sylvia, Toussaint, Jean-François, Saralamba, Sompob, Van Effelterre, Thierry, Nokes, D. James, White, Lisa J., 2017. Predicting the relative impacts of maternal and neonatal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine target product profiles : a consensus modelling approach. Vaccine, 35 (2), pp. 403-409
Wathuo, Miriam, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, Munywoki, Patrick K., 2017. Quantification and determinants of the amount of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) shed using real time PCR data from a longitudinal household study. Wellcome Open Research, 1
Kamau, Everlyn, Agoti, Charles N., Lewa, Clement S., Oketch, John, Owor, Betty E., Otieno, Grieven P., Bett, Anne, Cane, Patricia A., Nokes, D. James, 2017. Recent sequence variation in probe binding site affected detection of respiratory syncytial virus group B by real-time RT-PCR. Journal of clinical virology
Otieno, James R., Kamau, Everlyn M., Agoti, Charles N., Lewa, Clement, Otieno, Grieven, Bett, Ann, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Cane, Patricia A., Nokes, D. James, 2017. Spread and evolution of respiratory syncytial virus A genotype ON1, coastal Kenya, 2010?2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23 (2), pp. 264-271
Agoti, Charles N., Munywoki, Patrick K., Phan, My V. T., Otieno, James R., Kamau, Everlyn, Bett, Anne, Kombe, Ivy, Githinji, George, Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia A., Kellam, Paul, Cotten, Matthew, Nokes, D. James, 2017. Transmission patterns and evolution of respiratory syncytial virus in a community outbreak identified by genomic analysis.. Virus Evolution, 3 (1)
Adetifa, Ifedayo M.O., Bwanaali, Tahreni, Wafula, Jackline, Mutuku, Alex, Karia, Boniface, Makumi, Anne, Mwatsuma, Pauline, Bauni, Evasius, Hammitt, Laura L., Nokes, D. James, Maree, Ephantus, Tabu, Collins, Kamau, Tatu, Mataza, Christine, Williams, Thomas N., Scott, J. Anthony G., 2017. Cohort profile : the Kilifi vaccine monitoring study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46 (3), pp. 792-792h
Shi, Ting, McAllister, David A., O'Brien, Katherine L., Simoes, Eric A. F., Madhi, Shabir A., Gessner, Bradford D., Polack, Fernando P., Balsells, Evelyn, Acacio, Sozinho, Aguayo, Claudia, Alassani, Issifou, Ali, Asad, Antonio, Martin, Awasthi, Shally, Awori, Juliet O., Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Baggett, Henry C., Baillie, Vicky L., Balmaseda, Angel, Barahona, Alfredo, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Basualdo, Wilma, Bigogo, Godfrey, Bont, Louis, Breiman, Robert F., Brooks, W Abdullah, Broor, Shobha, Bruce, Nigel, Bruden, Dana, Buchy, Philippe, Campbell, Stuart, Carosone-Link, Phyllis, Chadha, Mandeep, Chipeta, James, Chou, Monidarin, Clara, Wilfrido, Cohen, Cheryl, de Cuellar, Elizabeth, Dang, Duc-Anh, Dash-yandag, Budragchaagiin, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Dherani, Mukesh, Eap, Tekchheng, Ebruke, Bernard E., Echavarria, Marcela, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Carla Cecília, Fasce, Rodrigo A., Feikin, Daniel R., Feng, Luzhao, Gentile, Angela, Gordon, Aubree, Goswami, Doli, Goyet, Sophie, Groome, Michelle, Halasa, Natasha, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen R. C., Jara, Jorge, Jroundi, Imane, Kartasasmita, Cissy B., Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Kotloff, Karen L., Krishnan, Anand, Libster, Romina, Lopez, Olga, Lucero, Marilla G., Lucion, Florencia, Lupisan, Socorro P., Marcone, Debora N., McCracken, John P., Mejia, Mario, Moisi, Jennifer C., Montgomery, Joel M., Moore, David P., Moraleda, Cinta, Moyes, Jocelyn, Munywoki, Patrick, Mutyara, Kuswandewi, Nicol, Mark P., Nokes, D. James, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza, Oshitani, Histoshi, Pandey, Nitin, Paranhos-Baccalà, Gláucia, Phillips, Lia N., Picot, Valentina Sanchez, Rahman, Mustafizur, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Mala, Rasmussen, Zeba A., Rath, Barbara A., Robinson, Annick, Romero, Candice, Russomando, Graciela, Salimi, Vahid, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Scheltema, Nienke, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Scott, J Anthony G., Seidenberg, Phil, Shen, Kunling, Singleton, Rosalyn, Sotomayor, Viviana, Strand, Tor A., Sutanto, Agustinus, Sylla, Mariam, Tapia, Milagritos D., Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Thomas, Elizabeth D., Tokarz, Rafal, Turner, Claudia, Venter, Marietjie, Waicharoen, Sunthareeya, Wang, Jianwei, Watthanaworawit, Wanitda, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yu, Hongjie, Zar, Heather J., Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, 2017. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015 : a systematic review and modelling study. The Lancet, 390 (10098), pp. 946-958
Nyiro, Joyce U., Kombe, Ivy K., Sande, Charles J., Kipkoech, James, Kiyuka, Patience K., Onyango, Clayton O., Munywoki, Patrick K., Kinyanjui, Timothy M., Nokes, D. James, 2017. Defining the vaccination window for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using age-seroprevalence data for children in Kilifi, Kenya. PLoS One, 12 (5)
Owor, Betty E., Masankwa, Geoffrey N., Mwango, Lilian C., Njeru, Regina W., Agoti, Charles N., Nokes, D. James, 2016. Human metapneumovirus epidemiological and evolutionary patterns in Coastal Kenya, 2007-11. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16 (1)
Agoti, Charles N., Kiyuka, Patience K., Kamau, Everlyn, Munywoki, Patrick K., Bett, Anne, van der Hoek, Lia, Kellam, Paul, Nokes, D. James, Cotten, Matthew, 2016. Human Rhinovirus B and C genomes from rural coastal Kenya. Genome Announcements, 4 (4), pp. 1-2
Emukule, Gideon O., Mott, Joshua A., Spreeuwenberg, Peter, Viboud, Cecile, Commanday, Alexander, Muthoka, Philip, Munywoki, Patrick K., Nokes, D. James, Velden, Koos van der, Paget, John W., 2016. Influenza activity in Kenya, 2007-2013 : timing, association with climatic factors, and implications for vaccination campaigns. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
Otieno, James R., Agoti, Charles N., Gitahi, Caroline W., Bett, Ann, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Medley, Graham F, Cane, Patricia A., Nokes, D. James, 2016. Molecular evolutionary dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus group A in recurrent epidemics in coastal Kenya. Journal of Virology, 90 (10), pp. 4990-5002
Kiti, Moses C., Tizzoni, Michele, Kinyanjui, Timothy M., Koech, Dorothy C., Munywoki, Patrick K., Meriac, Milosch, Cappa, Luca, Panisson, André, Barrat, Alain, Cattuto, Ciro, Nokes, D. James, 2016. Quantifying social contacts in a household setting of rural Kenya using wearable proximity sensors. EPJ Data Science, 5 (1)
Nyiro, Joyce Uchi, Sande, Charles Jumba, Mutunga, Martin, Kiyuka, Patience Kerubo, Munywoki, Patrick Kioo, Scott, John Anthony G., Nokes, D. James, 2016. Absence of association between cord specific antibody levels and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in early infants : a case control study from coastal Kenya. PLoS One, 11 (11)
Poletti, Piero, Merler, Stefano, Ajelli, Marco, Manfredi, Piero, Munywoki, Patrick K., Nokes, D. James, Melegaro, Alessia, 2015. Evaluating vaccination strategies for reducing infant respiratory syncytial virus infection in low-income settings. BMC Medicine, 13 (1), pp. 1-11
Munywoki, Patrick K., Koech, Dorothy C., Agoti, Charles N., Bett, Ann, Cane, Patricia A., Medley, Graham F., Nokes, D. James, 2015. Frequent asymptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infections during an epidemic in a rural Kenyan household cohort. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 212 (11), pp. 1711-1718
Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre, Langley, Ivor, Nokes, D. James, Macpherson, Eleanor E., McGivern, Gerry, Adams, Emily R., Bockarie, Moses J., Mortimer, Kevin, Reimer, Lisa J, Squire, Bertie, Torr, Stephen J., Medley, Graham, 2015. Infectious disease and health systems modelling for local decision making to control neglected tropical diseases. BMC Proceedings, 9 (Suppl 10)
Munywoki, Patrick Kiio, Koech, Dorothy C., Agoti, Charles N., Kibirige, N., Kipkoech, J., Cane, Patricia, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, 2015. Influence of age, severity of infection, and co-infection on the duration of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) shedding. Epidemiology and Infection, 143 (4), pp. 804-812
Agoti, Charles N., Otieno, James R., Munywoki, Patrick K., Mwihuri, Alexander G., Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, Kellam, Paul, Cotten, Matthew, Perlman, S., 2015. Local evolutionary patterns of human respiratory syncytial virus derived from whole-genome sequencing. Journal of Virology, 89 (7), pp. 3444-3454
Nyiro, Joyce U., Sande, Charles, Mutunga, Martin, Kiyuka, Patience K., Munywoki, Patrick K., Scott, J. Anthony G., Nokes, D. James, 2015. Quantifying maternally derived respiratory syncytial virus specific neutralising antibodies in a birth cohort from coastal Kenya. Vaccine, 33 (15), pp. 1797-1801
Agoti, Charles N., Otieno, James R., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Mwihuri, Alexander G., Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia A., Nokes, D. James, Kirkegaard, K., 2015. Successive respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in local populations arise from multiple variant introductions, providing insights into virus persistence. Journal of Virology, 89 (22), pp. 11630-11642
Kinyanjui, Timothy M., House, Thomas A., Kiti, Moses C., Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, Medley, Graham, 2015. Vaccine induced herd immunity for control of respiratory syncytial virus disease in a low-income country setting. PLoS One, 10 (9), pp. 1-16
Agoti, Charles N., Mayieka, Lillian M., Otieno, James R., Ahmed, Jamal A., Fields, Barry S., Waiboci, Lilian W., Nyoka, Raymond, Eidex, Rachel B., Marano, Nina, Burton, Wagacha, Montgomery, Joel M., Breiman, Robert F., Nokes, D. James, 2014. Examining strain diversity and phylogeography in relation to an unusual epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a long-term refugee camp in Kenya. BMC Infectious Diseases, 14 (1)
Kiti, Moses Chapa, Kinyanjui, Timothy, Koech, Dorothy Chelagat, Munywoki, Patrick Kiio, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, 2014. Quantifying age-related rates of social contact using diaries in a rural coastal population of Kenya. PLoS One, 9 (8)
Agoti, Charles N., Otieno, James R., Gitahi, Caroline W., Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2014. Rapid spread and diversification of respiratory syncytial virus genotype ON1, Kenya. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20 (6), pp. 950-959
Sande, Charles J., Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2014. The association between age and the development of respiratory syncytial virus neutralising antibody responses following natural infection in infants. Vaccine, 32 (37), pp. 4726-4729
Munywoki, Patrick Kiio, Koech, Dorothy C., Agoti, Charles N., Lewa, Clement, Cane, Patricia, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, 2014. The source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants : a household cohort study in rural Kenya. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 209 (11), pp. 1685-1692
Fuller, James A., Summers, Aimee, Katz, Mark A., Lindblade, Kim A., Njuguna, Henry, Arvelo, Wences, Khagayi, Sammy, Emukule, Gideon, Linares-Perez, Nivaldo, McCracken, John, Nokes, D. James, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Kazungu, Sidi, Mott, Joshua A., Olsen, Sonja J., Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Feikin, Daniel R., 2013. Estimation of the national disease burden of influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness in Kenya and Guatemala : a novel methodology. PLoS One, 8 (Mumber 2)
Sande, C. J., Mutunga, M. N., Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2013. Group- and genotype-specific neutralizing antibody responses against respiratory syncytial virus in infants and young children with severe pneumonia. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 207 (3), pp. 489-492
Agoti, Charles N., Gitahi, Caroline W., Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2013. Identification of group B respiratory syncytial viruses that lack the 60-nucleotide duplication after six consecutive epidemics of total BA dominance at coastal Kenya. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 7 (6), pp. 1008-1012
Sande, Charles J., Mutunga, M. N., Okiro, Emelda A., Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2013. Kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus infections in a birth cohort. Journal of Medical Virology, 85 (11), pp. 2020-2025
Munywoki, Patrick Kiio, Ohuma, Eric O., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Bauni, Evasius, Scott, J. Anthony G., Nokes, D. James, 2013. Severe lower respiratory tract infection in early infancy and pneumonia hospitalizations among children, Kenya. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19 (2), pp. 223-229
Anderson, L. J., Dormitzer, P. R., Nokes, D. James, Rappuoli, R., Roca, A., Graham, B.S., 2013. Strategic priorities for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development. Vaccine, 31, pp. B209-B215
van Hoek, Albert Jan, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Ismail, Amina, Chuma, Jane, Cheburet, Samuel, Mutonga, David, Kamau, Tatu, Nokes, D. James, 2012. A cost effectiveness and capacity analysis for the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination in Kenya : comparison between Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines. PLoS One, Vol.7 (No.10)
Hammitt, L. L., Kazungu, S., Morpeth, S. C., Gibson, D. G., Mvera, B., Brent, A. J., Mwarumba, S., Onyango, C. O., Bett, A., Akech, D. O., Murdoch, D. R., Nokes, D. James, Scott, J. A. G., 2012. A preliminary study of pneumonia etiology among hospitalized children in Kenya. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol.54 (Suppl.2), pp. S190-S199
Agoti, Charles N., Mwihuri, Alexander G., Sande, Charles J., Onyango, Clayton O., Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2012. Genetic relatedness of infecting and reinfecting respiratory syncytial virus strains identified in a birth cohort from rural Kenya. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 206 (10), pp. 1532-1541
Onyango, Clayton O., Njeru, Regina, Kazungu, Sidi, Achilla, Rachel, Bulimo, Wallace, Welch, Stephen R., Cane, Patricia, Gunson, Rory N., Hammitt, Laura L., Scott, J. Anthony G., Berkley, James A., Nokes, D. James, 2012. Influenza surveillance among children with pneumonia admitted to a district hospital in coastal Kenya, 2007-2010. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 206 (Supplement 1), pp. S61-S67
Onyango, Clayton O., Welch, Stephen R., Munywoki, Patrick K., Agoti, Charles N., Bett, Ann, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Myers, Richard, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2012. Molecular epidemiology of human rhinovirus infections in Kilifi, coastal Kenya. Journal of Medical Virology, 84 (5), pp. 823-831
Okiro, Emelda A., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Bett, Ann, Nokes, D. James, 2012. The incidence and clinical burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease identified through hospital outpatient presentations in Kenyan children. PLoS One, Vol.7 (No.12)
Ohuma, E. O., Okiro, E. A., Ochola, R., Sande, C. J., Cane, Patricia, Medley, Graham, Bottomley, C., Nokes, D. James, 2012. The natural history of respiratory syncytial virus in a birth cohort : the influence of age and previous infection on reinfection and disease. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol.176 (No.9), pp. 794-802
Webb, Clare, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Ngatia, Anthony, Shebbe, Mohammed, Morpeth, Susan, Mwarumba, Salim, Bett, Ann, Nokes, D. James, Seale, Anna C., Kazungu, Sidi, Munywoki, Patrick, Hammitt, Laura L., Scott, J Anthony G., Berkley, James A., 2012. Treatment failure among Kenyan children with severe pneumonia--a cohort study. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 31 (9), pp. e152-e157
Hammitt, L. L., Kazungu, S., Welch, S. (Steve), Bett, Anne, Onyango, Clayton O., Gunson, R. N., Scott, J. Anthony G., Nokes, D. James, 2011. Added value of an oropharyngeal swab in detection of viruses in children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49 (6), pp. 2318-2320
Mwambi, H., Ramroop, S., White, L., Okiro, E., Nokes, D. James, Shkedy, Z., Molenberghs, G., 2011. A frequentist approach to estimating the force of infection for a respiratory disease using repeated measurement data from a birth cohort. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, Vol.20 (No.5), pp. 551-570
Moïsi, Jennifer, Gatakaa, Hellen, Berkley, James A., Maitland, Kathryn, Mturi, Neema, Newton, Charles, Njuguna, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, Ojal, John, Bauni, Evasius, Tsofa, Benjamin, Peshu, Norbert, Marsh, Kevin, Williams, Thomas, Scott, J. Anthony G., 2011. Excess child mortality after discharge from hospital in Kilifi, Kenya: a retrospective cohort analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol.89 (No.10), pp. 725-732
Munywoki, Patrick, Hamid, Fauzat, Mutunga, Martin, Welch, Steve, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2011. Improved detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric outpatients with acute respiratory illness by real-time PCR using nasopharyngeal flocked swabs. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol.49 (No.9), pp. 3365-3367
Moïsi, Jennifer C, Nokes, D. James, Gatakaa, Hellen, Williams, Thomas N, Bauni, Evasius, Levine, Orin S, Scott, J Anthony G, 2011. Sensitivity of hospital-based surveillance for severe disease: a geographic information system analysis of access to care in Kilifi district, Kenya. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol.89 (No.2), pp. 102-111
Nyiro, Joyce U., Sanders, Eduard J., Ngetsa, Caroline, Wale, Steve, Awuondo, Ken, Bukusi, Elizabeth Anne, Price, Matthew A., Amornkul, Pauli N., Nokes, D. James, 2011. Seroprevalence, predictors and estimated incidence of maternal and neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 infection in semi-urban women in Kilifi, Kenya. BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol.11 (No.155)
Okiro, E. A., White, L. J., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Cane, Patricia, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, 2010. Duration of shedding of respiratory syncytial virus in a community study of Kenyan children. BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol.10 (Article 15)
Nair, Harish, Nokes, D. James, Gessner, Bradford D., Dherani, Mukesh, Madhi, Shabir A., Singleton, Rosalyn J., O'Brien, Katherine L., Roca, Anna, Wright, Peter F., Bruce, Nigel, Chandran, Aruna, Theodoratou, Evropi, Sutanto, Agustinus, Sedyaningsih, Endang R., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Munywoki, Patrick K., Kartasasmita, Cissy, Simoes, Eric A. F., Rudan, Igor, Weber, Martin W., Campbell, Harry, 2010. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, Vol.375 (No.9725), pp. 1545-1555
Agoti, Charles N., Mbisa, Jean L., Bett, Ann, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, Cane, Patricia, 2010. Intrapatient variation of the respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein gene. Journal of Virology, Vol.84 (No.19), pp. 10425-10428
Nokes, D. James, Peenze, Ina, Netshifhefhe, Lufuno, Abwao, John, De Beer, Mariet C., Seheri, Mapaseka, Williams, Thomas N., Page, Nicola, Steele, Duncan, 2010. Rotavirus genetic diversity, disease association, and temporal change in hospitalized rural Kenyan children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol.202 (Suppl.1), pp. S180-S186
Berkley, James A., Munywoki, Patrick, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Kazungu, Sidi, Abwao, John, Bett, Anne, Lassauniere, Ria, Kresfelder, Tina, Cane, Patricia, Venter, Marietjie, Scott, J. Anthony G., Nokes, D. James, 2010. Viral etiology of severe pneumonia among Kenyan infants and children. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol.303 (No.20), pp. 2051-2057
Ohuma, E. O., Okiro, E. A., Bett, A., Abwao, John, Were, S., Samuel, Dhan, Vyse, A. J., Gay, N. J., Brown, D. W. G., Nokes, D. James, 2009. Evaluation of a measles vaccine campaign by oral-fluid surveys in a rural Kenyan district: interpretation of antibody prevalence data using mixture models. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.13 (No.2), pp. 227-233
Nokes, D. James, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Bett, Anne, Abwao, John, Munywoki, Patrick, English, M. (Mike), Scott, J. Anthony G., Cane, Patricia, Medley, Graham, 2009. Incidence and severity of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in rural Kenyan children identified through hospital surveillance. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol.49 (No.9), pp. 1341-1349
Ochola, Rachel, Sande, Charles, Fegan, Greg, Scott, P. D. (Paul D.), Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2009. The level and duration of RSV-specific maternal IgG in infants in Kilifi Kenya. PLoS One, Vol.4 (No.12)
Okiro, Emelda A., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Bett, Ann, Cane, Patricia, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, 2008. Factors associated with increased risk of progression to respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia in young Kenyan children. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13 (7), pp. 914-926
Okiro, Emelda A., Sande, Charles, Mutunga, Martin, Medley, Graham, Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, 2008. Identifying infections with respiratory syncytial virus by using specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with oral-fluid samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol.46 (No.5), pp. 1659-1662
Nokes, D. James, Abwao, John, Pamba, Allan, Peenze, Ina, Dewar, John, Maghenda, J. Kamino, Gatakaa, Hellen, Bauni, Evasius, Scott, J. Anthony G., Maitland, Kathryn, Williams, Thomas N., 2008. Incidence and clinical characteristics of group A rotavirus infections among children admitted to hospital in Kilifi, Kenya. PL o S Medicine, Vol.5 (No.7)
Nokes, D. James, Okiro, Emelda A., Ngama, Mwanajuma, Ochola, Rachel, White, Lisa J., Scott, P. D. (Paul D.), English, M. (Mike), Cane, Patricia, Medley, Graham, 2008. Respiratory syncytial virus infection and disease in infants and young children observed from birth in Kilifi district, Kenya. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol.46 (No.1), pp. 50-57
White, Lisa J., Buttery, J., Cooper, Ben S., Nokes, D. James, Medley, Graham, 2008. Rotavirus within day care centres in Oxfordshire, UK : characterization of partial immunity. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Vol.5 (No.29), pp. 1481-1490
Scott, P. D. (Paul D.), Ochola, Rachel, Sande, Charles, Ngama, Mwanajuma, Okiro, Emelda A., Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, Cane, Patricia, 2007. Comparison of strain-specific antibody responses during primary and secondary infections with respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Medical Virology, Vol.79 (No.12), pp. 1943-1950
Wilson, Jamie N., Nokes, D. James, Medley, Graham, Shouval, Daniel, 2007. Mathematical model of the antibody response to hepatitis B vaccines: implications for reduced schedules. Vaccine, Vol.25 (No.18), pp. 3705-3712
White, L. J., Mandl, J. N., Gomes, M. G. M., Bodley-Tickell, A. T., Cane, Patricia, Perez-Brena, P., Aguilar, J. C., Siqueira, M. M., Portes, S. A., Straliotto, S. M., Waris, M., Nokes, D. James, Medley, Graham, 2007. Understanding the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus using multiple time series and nested models. Mathematical Biosciences, Vol.209 (No.1), pp. 222-239
Nigatu, W., Nokes, D. James, Afework, A., Brown, D. W. G., Cutts, F. T., Jin, L., 2006. Serological and molecular epidemiology of measles virus outbreaks reported in Ethiopia during 2000-2004. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, 78 (12), pp. 1648-1655
White, L. J., Waris, M., Cane, Patricia, Nokes, D. James, Medley, Graham, 2005. The transmission dynamics of groups A and B human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) in England & Wales and Finland: seasonality and cross-protection. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.13 (No.2), pp. 279-289
Gay, N. J., Vyse, A. J., Enquselassie, F., Nigatu, Wondatir, Nokes, D. James, 2003. Improving sensitivity of oral fluid testing in IgG prevalence studies: application of mixture models to a rubella antibody survey. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.13 (No.2), pp. 285-291
Abebe, A., Nokes, D. James, Dejene, A., Enquselassie, F., Messele, T., Cutts, Felicity, 2003. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: transmission patterns and vaccine control. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.13 (No.1), pp. 757-770
Enquselassie, F., Ayele, W., Dejene, A., Messele, T., Abebe, A., Cutts, Felicity, Nokes, D. James, 2003. Seroepidemiology of measles in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: implications for control through vaccination. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.13 (No.3), pp. 507-519
Wilson, J. N., Nokes, D. James, Carman, W. (William), 2000. Predictions of the emergence of vaccine-resistant hepatitis B in The Gambia using a mathematical model. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.124 (No.2), pp. 295-307
Cutts, Felicity, Abebe, A., Messele, T., Dejene, A., Enquselassie, F., Nigatu, Wondatir, Nokes, D. James, 2000. Sero-epidemiology of rubella in the urban population of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.12 (No.3), pp. 467-479
Cox, M. J., Azevedo, R. S., Nokes, D. James, Beards, G. M., McCrae, Malcolm A., Massad, Eduardo, Medley, Graham, 1998. Seroepidemiology of group A rotavirus in suburban São Paulo, Brazil. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.120, pp. 327-334
Edmunds, W. John, Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, O'Callaghan, C. J., Whittle, H. C., Hall, A. J. (Andrew James), 1996. Epidemiological patterns of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly endemic areas. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol.117 (No.2), pp. 313-325

Anderson, Roy M., Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre, Nokes, D. James, 2009. Mathematical models of transmission and control. Detels, Roger; Beaglehole, Robert; Gulliford, Mary Ann; Lansang, Martin (eds.), Oxford Textbook of Public Health, Oxford ; New York, Oxford University Press

Atkins, Katie, Baguelin, Marc, Brand, Samuel, Jit, Mark, Keeling, Matthew James, Kibinge, Nelson, Kinyanjui, Timothy, Medley, Graham, Melegaro, Alessia, Munywoki, Patrick, Nokes, D. James, Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina, Pan-Ngum, Wurichada, Pellis, Lorenzo, White, Lisa, 2017. RSV modelling meeting. School of Life Science and Zeeman Institute SBIDER Centre, University of Warwick, UK and KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme , Kilifi, Kenya
Nair, Harish, Gessner, Bradford D., Nokes, D. James, Theodoratou, Evropi, Rudan, Igor, Madhi, Shabir A., Simoes, Eric A. F., Campbell, Harry, 2010. Childhood mortality due to respiratory syncytial virus - authors' reply. Lancet, The Lancet Publishing Group, pp. 872-873
Medley, Graham, Nokes, D. James, 2009. Does viral diversity matter?. Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 274-275
Nigatu, Wondatir, Samuel, Dhan, Cohen, Bernard, Cumberland, Phillippa, Lemma, Eshetu, Brown, David W. G., Nokes, D. James, 2008. Evaluation of a measles vaccine campaign in Ethiopia using oral-fluid antibody surveys. Vaccine, Elsevier Ltd, pp. 4769-4774
Nokes, D. James, Cane, Patricia, 2008. New strategies for control of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 639-643

Title	Funder	Award start	Award end
NIHR Global Health Research Group on the Application of Genomics and Modelling to the Control of Virus Pathogens (GeMVi) in East Africa	National Institute for Health Research (DoH)	01 Apr 2018	31 Mar 2021
Defining pathways of respiratory virus transmission leading to improved intervention strategies (Investigator Award in Biomedical Science)	Wellcome Trust	01 Jul 2014	30 Jun 2020
Comprehensive evaluation of the public health impact of rotavirus vaccine in Kenya: a Multi-site Surveillance Assessment	GAVI Alliance	01 Jan 2017	31 Dec 2019
Studying the pathways of spread of respiratory virus disease in Africa (SPReD-Africa)	Wellcome Trust	01 Mar 2017	28 Feb 2019
Sub-contract with main contractor University of Oxford for GSK funded research for development and modification of a suite of mathmatical models.Total value £7,753	GlaxoSmithKline PLC	31 Mar 2013	31 Mar 2015
Quantifying protective immunity correlates for respiratory syncytial virus	PATH Vaccine Solutions	01 Jul 2012	30 Jun 2014
No Cost Extension for R-BS-JN3001 The Potential Impact of Vaccination on RSV and Other Respiratory Virus Pneumonia in the Developing C	Wellcome Trust	20 Jun 2012	30 Jun 2014
The Potential Impact of Vaccination on RSV and Other Respiratory Virus Pneumonia in the Developing Country Setting	Wellcome Trust	01 Jul 2008	30 Jun 2013
Household transmission of respiratory viruses: who acquires infection from whom	Wellcome Trust	01 Mar 2010	29 Feb 2012
Year 2 (Supplement to 15285 - Year 1) Measles Early Diagnosis and Population Immunity Evaluation using Oral Fluid - Refinement of Techniques	World Health Organisation	01 Sep 2006	31 Aug 2007
Infection dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV):molecular and immuno-epidemiological studies in rural Kenya.	Wellcome Trust	01 Feb 2005	31 Jan 2007
Measles Early Diagnosis and Population Immunity Evaluation using Oral Fluid: Refinement of Techniques	World Health Organisation	01 Jul 2005	31 Aug 2006
Infection Dynamics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Molecular and Immuno-Epidemiological Studies in Rural Kenya	Wellcome Trust	14 Feb 2001	13 Feb 2005
Infection Dynamics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Molecular and Immuno-Epidemiological Studies in Rural Kenya	Wellcome Trust	14 Feb 2001	13 Feb 2005
Infection Dynamics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Molecular and Immuno-Epidemiological Studies in Rural Kenya	Wellcome Trust	14 Feb 2001	13 Feb 2005
Infection Dynamics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Molecular and Immuno-Epidemiological Studies in Rural Kenya	Wellcome Trust	14 Feb 2001	30 Sep 2004
Infection Dynamics of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Molecular and Immuno-Epidemiological Studies in Rural Kenya	Wellcome Trust	01 Oct 2000	30 Sep 2004
The Impact of Infant Vaccination on Childhood and Adult HBV and HDV Transmission in Northern Tunisia	Wellcome Trust	01 Jul 2003	31 May 2004
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of A Measles Campaign in Urban Ethiopia using Oral-Fluid Testing	World Health Organisation	01 Dec 2002	31 Mar 2003

School of Life Sciences

Professor D James Nokes

Research Themes: