QPP events catalogue

This page provides a list of currently known flaring Quasi-Periodic Pulsation (QPP) events, with links to relevant articles. Although we have tried to make this list as complete as possible, there will inevitably be gaps. This list will be regularly updated, and feedback is welcome.

Also available is a separate list of Doppler shift oscillations observed with the BCS on Yohkoh, compiled by John T. Mariska. Additionally a study of X-class flares using RHESSI data by Philip Crockett yielded this list of suspected QPP events. Also, 25 QPP events observed with OSO-5 in X-rays in 1969-1971, with periods in the range 10-100 s, are summarised in Lipa, Solar Phys., 57, 191, 1978.

Automated Flare Inference of Oscillations (AFINO, supported by Dr A Inglis) uses a model comparison technique to analyse the Fourier Power Spectral Density (PSD) of solar flares in GOES 1-8A X-ray data.

Theoretically, QPP in solar flares can be either linked to MHD oscillations in the flaring region or in an external coronal plasma structure, or be connected with periodic regimes of magnetic reconnection, or perhaps with some combination of these mechanisms. In both cases, the oscillations provide us with a powerful tool for the diagnostics of the physical parameters in and about the flare sites, and of the physical processes operating in them. Recent reviews of physical mechanisms for the generation of flaring QPP can be found in Nakariakov 2007; Nakariakov & Melnikov 2009, Van Doorsselaere et al. 2016, McLaughlin et al. 2018, Kupriyanova et al. 2020. Most popular mechanisms are summarised in the sketch:

(see Kupriyanova et al. 2020 for description.)

Statistics of 278 events reported in the literature and summarised in this catalogue:

(as it was on 2017, see McLaughlin et al. 2018 for details).

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Event Date	Time Start	Time End	Flare Class	Observed Periods	Bands Observed	Related Publications
05 September 2017	01:06 UT 07:04 UT	01:09 UT 07:07 UT		in rise and impulsive phases P ≈ 65 s, P ≈ 40 s (non-stationary) in rise and impulsive phases Drifting from 35 s to 20 s (non-stationary)	SRH-48 4–8 GHz SRH-48 4–8 GHz
14 July 2017	01:30 UT			P ≈ 180 s, P ≈ 380 s (non-stationary)	SRH-48 4–8 GHz
16 October 2015	10:13 UT	10:24 UT	C3.1	~32-42 s	SXR , IRIS SiIV	Zhang et al., 2016
29 September 2015	05:05		M2.9	27.2 s 21.4 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
21 September 2015	01:57 UT	02:08 UT	C4.2	13 s in non-thermal emission 26 s in thermal emission	12–300 keV 4.9–34 GHz GOES SXR flux derivative AIA 304 Å	Kumar et al. 2017
11 June 2015	08:49		M1.0	10 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
06 May 2015	11:45 UT		M1.9	237.7 s 5 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
05 May 2015	13:45		M1.2	21 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
12 March 2015	21:44		M2.7	15 s 28.3 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
12 March 2015	11:40 UT	12:08 UT	M1.6	~25 s	IRIS Fe XXI and Si IV, GOES 1-8 angstrom	Tian et al. 2016
30 October 2014	00:34 UT	00:40 UT	M1.3	6.1 s	HXR Vernov-RELEC, Fermi/GBM	Myagkova et al. 2016
29 October 2014	21:18		M2.3	7 s	GOES 1-8 Å, Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV HXR Vernov-RELEC, RHESSI	Inglis et al. 2016 Myagkova et al. 2016
27 October 2014	00:06 UT	00:44 UT	M7.1	~50 s, ~100 s	EUV/UV, SXR/HXR, microwave	Li et al., 2017
20 Oct 2014	18:55 UT	19:04 UT	M1.4	9 s 27. 6 s, 42.6 s, 51 s	HXR Vernov-RELEC, RHESSI, Konus-Wind 3–12 keV RHESSI	Myagkova et al. 2016 Cho et al. 2016
19 Oct 2014	04:00	09:11	X1.1	53.7 s 24.4, 45.4 s	GOES 1-8 A GOES 0.5-4 A	Pugh et al. 2017
19 Oct 2014	01:17	03:42	C5.7	79.5 s 24.9 s	GOES 0.5-4 A NoRH 17 GHz	Pugh et al. 2017
18 Oct 2014	18:59 UT	19:33 UT	C3.8	6 s 8 s	HXR Vernov-RELEC, Konus-Wind NoRH 17 GHz	Myagkova et al. 2016 Pugh et al. 2017
17 Oct 2014	15:35	15:46	C6.7	22.1 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Pugh et al. 2017
17 Oct 2014	04:58	05:48	C6.6	39.2 s	NoRH 17 GHz	Pugh et al. 2017
16 Oct 2014	12:58 UT	13:05 UT	M4.3	8.2 s	HXR Vernov-RELEC, RHESSI	Myagkova et al. 2016
09 October 2014	06:48		M1.2	30 s 37 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
09 October 2014	01:30		M1.3	12 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
24 Sept 2014	17:45 UT	17:52 UT	C7.0	8.2 s	HXR Vernov-RELEC, RHESSI, Konus-Wind	Myagkova et al. 2016 Pugh et al. 2017
23 Sept 2014	23:05	00:20	M2.3	41.2 s	GOES 0.5-4 A	Pugh et al. 2017
10 September 2014	17:32 UT	17:56 UT	X1.6	1 min, 4 min 80 – 112 s 27, 37 s 27, 46, 60 s 80 s	EUV, SXR Fermi Gamma-ray, IRIS GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM 12-51 keV Fermi/GBM 51-102 keV Fermi/GBM 102-296 keV	Li & Jang 2015 Li et al. 2015 Ning 2017 Simões et al. 2015 Li & Zhang 2017
14 June 2014				21.5 s, 102 s, 125 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016
12 June 2014	09:23		M1.8	12 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
11 June 2014			X1.0	11 – 14 s 609 s 20.5 s	GOES 1-8 Å Balmer continuum 3–12 keV RHESSI	Simões et al. 2015 Zapiór et al. 2016 Cho et al. 2016
10 June 2014			X2.2	24 – 45 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
10 June 2014			X1.5	26 – 35 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
06 June 2014	19:26		M1.4	8 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
08 May 2014	09:59		M5.2	27 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
25 April 2014			X1.3	17 – 48 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
18 April 2014	12:31 UT	13:16 UT	M7.3	~171 s down to ~95 s	IRIS C I, Si IV, O IV	Brosius & Daw 2015
29 March 2014	17:45 UT	18:00 UT	X1.0	8 – 56 s (near max) 74–80 s (in tail)	GOES 1-8 Å RHESSI 3-12 keV flux, temperature, EM; RSTN 15.4 GHz	Simões et al. 2015 Kupriyanova et al., 2019
12 March 2014	12:29		M9.3	12 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
10 Mar 2014				25 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016
09 Mar 2014				69 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016
28 Feb 2014				28 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016
25 Feb 2014			X4.9	12 – 40 s 60 s	GOES 1-8 Å 3–12 keV RHESSI	Simões et al. 2015 Cho et al. 2016
24 Feb 2014				40 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016
14 February 2014	12:29		M1.6	17 s 22.6	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV 3–12 keV RHESSI	Inglis et al. 2016 Cho et al. 2016
13 Feb 2014				120 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016
07 Feb 2014				43.2 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016
06 Feb 2014				32.4 s	3–12 keV RHESSI	Cho et al. 2016

28 January 2014	11:34		M1.4	10 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
07 Jan 2014			X1.2	9 – 18 s 54 s	GOES 1-8 Å 3–12 keV RHESSI	Simões et al. 2015 Cho et al. 2016
29 December 2013	07:49		M3.1	14.5 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
19 November 2013			X1.0	12 – 26 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
10 November 2013			X1.1	18 – 22 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
08 November 2013			X1.1	10 – 18 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
07 November 2013	03:34		M2.3	13 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
05 November 2013	18:08		M1.0	14.3 s 9.3 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
05 November 2013	08:12		M2.5	17 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
05 November 2013			X3.3	9 – 12 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
29 October 2013			X2.3	24 – 54 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
28 October 2013	01:55 UT	02:20 UT	X1.0	20-70 s (therm) 20 s (non-thermal) 55 s (non-thermal) 17-24 s (therm)	GOES, Proba-2 Lyra, Fermi GBM, NoRH GOES 1-8 Å	Hayes et al. 2016 Simões et al. 2015
27 October 2013	12:36		M3.5	16.8 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
25 October 2013			X1.7	11 – 25 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
25 October 2013			X2.1	10 – 18 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
20 July 2013	03:34 UT	03:44 UT	C2.1	202 s, rapid decay	6–12 keV; EUV	Kumar, Nakariakov, Cho 2015
15 May 2013			X1.2	35 – 57 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
14 May 2013	00:00 UT	02:00 UT	X3.2	15, 45, and 100 s 53 s, 72 s 16 – 29 s	17 GHz SXR, RHESSI GOES 1-8 Å	Kolotkov et al. 2015 Chowdhary et al. 2015 Dennis et al. 2017 Simões et al. 2015
13 May 2013			X1.7	17 – 45 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
13 May 2013			X2.8	19 – 31 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
11 April 2013	06:55		M6.5	67.9 s 9.4 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
11 March 2013	06:51 UT	06:57 UT	?	6.4s in a group of Type III radio bursts	85–35 MHz Gauribidanur Observatory	Sasikumar Raja & Ramesh 2013
18 January 2013	07:00 UT	07:03 UT	?	4.8s in a group of Type III radio bursts	85–35 MHz Gauribidanur Observatory	Sasikumar Raja & Ramesh 2013
11 January 2013	08:43		M1.2	45 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
23 October 2012			X1.8	10 – 14 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
22 October 2012	18:38		M5.0	14 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
20 September 2012	06:36 UT	06:39 UT	?	4.5s in a group of Type III radio bursts	85–35 MHz Gauribidanur Observatory	Sasikumar Raja & Ramesh 2013
18 Aug 2012	03:19	03:24	M1.8	8-33 s	3.75-34 GHz	Altyntsev et al. 2016
19 July 2012			M7.7	270 s	17 GHz, 20-50 keV, 0.7-3 GHz	Huang et al. 2016
12 July 2012			X1.4	70 – 106 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
06 July 2012	23:08	23:14	X1.1	22 s 12 – 25 s	SXR, microwave, EUV, radio GOES 1-8 Å	Huang et al. 2014 Simões et al. 2015 Inglis et al. 2016
05 July 2012	03:25		M4.7	8 s 5.2 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
04 July 2012	09:47		M5.3	7.3 s 10 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
23 March 2012	19:34		M1.0	11 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
13 Mar 2012	17:12		M7.9	120.6 s 116.3 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
09 Mar 2012	03:25 UT	03:52 UT	M6.4	60 s 65.8 s 69.3 s	SXR, EUV 94 and 335 Å GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Simões et al. 2013 Inglis et al. 2016
07 March 2012			X5.4	20 – 26 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
05 March 2012			X1.1	30 – 54 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
08 March 2012	08:40	08:42	C6.8	7.5 s	4 – 8 GHz SSRT, HXR Fermi	Zhdanov et al. 2013
27 January 2012			X1.7	65 – 99 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
06 November 2011	06:14		M1.4	33.1 s 7.3 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
03 Nov 2011			X1.9	10 – 25 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
02 October 2011	00:37		M3.9	36.7 s 45.2 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
24 Sept 2011			X1.9	10 – 34 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
23-24 September 2011	23:48 UT	00:04 UT	M1.9	~3 min 11.9 s 13.6 s	RHESSI HXR (25-50 keV), AIA EUV, Nobeyama (25-610 MHz, 2-17 GHz) GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Kumar, Nakariakov & Cho 2016 Inglis et al. 2016
22 Sept 2011			X1.4	25 – 80 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
07 Sept 2011			X1.8	10 – 37 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
06 Sept2011			X2.1	12 – 23 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
09 August 2011			X6.9	14 – 46 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
07 June 2011	06:21 UT	06:41 UT		about 1 min, not studied	HXR (RHESSI, Fermi GRBM)	Inglis & Hilbert 2013
14 Apr 2011	09:38	09:49	C2.3	34 min and 23 min	29 MHz, 25 MHz, 22 MHz, and 14 MHz	Zaqarashvili et al. 2013
14 March 2011	19:30		M4.2	8.2 s 8.1 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
09 March 2011			X1.5	10 – 30 s	GOES 1-8 Å	Simões et al. 2015
08 March 2011	02:24		M1.3	11.3 s 4.6 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
07 March 2011	07:59		M1.4	4.8 s 30.6 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
07 March 2011	21:45		M1.5	15.5 s 13.7 s	GOES 1-8 Å Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV	Inglis et al. 2016
15 February 2011	01:44 UT	02:20 UT	X2.2	8-32 s 3 min	PROBA2/LYRA, HXR (RHESSI), NoRP (9 and 17 GHz), NoRH, SDO/EVE/ESP GOES/EUVS, Ly_alpha, EVE 912A	Dolla et al. 2012 Simões et al. 2015 Tan & Tan 2012 Milligan et al. 2017
5 July 2009	07:10:55 UT	07:12:35 UT	C2.7	12 s 15 s	hard X-ray (RT-2 CORONAS PHOTON)	Rao et al. 2010
2 June 2007	06:05	06:40	M2.5	about 100 s, modulated	NoRH 17 GHz	Kupriyanova et al. 2014
10 September 2005	21:30	22:43	X2.1	8.2 s	RHESSI 50-100 keV	Kuznetsov et al. 2016
22 August 2005	00:44:00 UT	02:18:00 UT	M2.6	240s; or from 2..5-5 min	25-50 keV X-rays (RHESSI), 17GHz, 34 GHz NoRH	Y. P. Li and W. Q. Gan, 2008 Reznikova, V. E. & Shibasaki, K. 2011 Liu et al. 2015
06 May 2005	03:07 UT		C9.3	40 – 50 s	microwaves, hard X-rays, and type III	Kupriyanova et al. 2016
28 April 2005	02:30 UT	02:40 UT	C3.0	180 s	NoRH 17 GHz	Sych et al. 2009
19 January 2005	08:05:00 UT	08:30:00 UT	X1.3	2-4 min	X-rays (RHESSI)	Ofman and Sui 2006 ; Nakariakov et al. 2006; Zimovets & Struminsky 2009 Kuznetsov et al. 2016
17 January 2005	06:59	10:07	X3.8	80-110 s	RHESSI 50-100 keV	Kuznetsov et al. 2016
15 January 2005	22:25	23:31	X2.6	400 s	RHESSI 50-100 keV	Kuznetsov et al. 2016
01 January 2005	00:28:00 UT	00:31:00 UT	X1.7	40 s, perhaps 13 s	hard X-ray (RHESSI); 17GHz and 34 GHz (NoRH) and gamma 2-6 MeV (CORONAS-F/SONG)	Nakariakov et al. 2010
4 November 2004	22:53	23:26	M5.4	50-130 s	RHESSI 50-100 keV	Kuznetsov et al. 2016
22 July 2004	00:15 UT	00:30 UT	M9.1	19 s, 27 s	17 GHz, 34 GHz, NoRP, NoRH	Kupriyanova et al. 2010; Zimovets et al. 2013;
20 July 2004	12:22 UT	12:36 UT	M8.6	10 s, 12 s	mm, dm radio (Bumishus, ETHZ Phoenix-2, GBSRBS, NRH)	Kallunki, J.; Pohjolainen, S. 2012
21 May 2004	max: 23:50		-	26 up to 38 s 38 down to 26 s 40 up to 60	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Kupriyanova et al. 2010
13 July 2004	00:08 UT	00:30 UT	M6.7	about 20-30s	about 17 GHz NoRP	Pohjolainen, S.; Hori, K.; Sakurai, T. 2008 (Oscillations were not analysed in the paper)
04 November 2003	19:40 UT	20:00 UT		from one pulse every few seconds to 8-10 per second; also, visually, 1.5 min	212 and 405 GHz	Zaitsev et al. 2014 Kaufmann et al. 2009
03 November 2003	09:45:00 UT	10:00:00 UT	X3.9	?	X-rays (RHESSI), Radio (Nancay Radioheliograph, Radio Solar Telescope Network)	Dauphin et al. 2005
27 October 2003	max: 01:35		C6.2	11 s	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Kupriyanova et al. 2010
15 June 2003	23:25 UT	23:46 UT	X1.3	10, 15 and 19 s	1-18 GHz OVSA, 17 GHz NoRH, NoRP	Fleishman et al. 2008
29 May 2003	01:01:00 UT	01:05:00 UT	X1.2	1 min	X-rays (RHESSI) ; ACS INTEGRAL; 17 GHz, 35GHz NoRH	Ning 2007 ; Minoshima et al. 2008 (QPP not analysed) Zimovets & Struminsky 2009
17 March 2003	max: 00:59			5 s	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Kupriyanova et al. 2010
5-6 February 2003	21:00:00 UT	03:00:00 UT	C2.1, C2.2, C3.4	8-12 min	X-rays (RHESSI)	Foullon et al. 2006
26 December 2002	04:48 UT	05:04 UT	B8.1	2 min, 25 s	SXR,3-6 keV (RHESSI)	Ning, Z., 2014
9 November 2002	13:08	13:36	M4.6	25-40 s	RHESSI 50-100 keV	Kuznetsov et al. 2016
20 October 2002	14:22:00 UT	14:36:00 UT	M1.8	16s, 36s	8-12 keV, 25-50 keV (RHESSI) Radio (RSTN)	Zimovets & Struminsky 2010
28 August 2002	21:43	21:45		10 s also 17 s in SXR	1–18 GHz, OVSA HXR RHESSI	Mossessian & Fleishman 2012
24 August 2002	00:59:00 UT	01:08:00 UT	X3.1	about 20 s	17 GHz, 34 GHz NoRH; 64–180 keV and 180–600 keV of CORONAS-F/SONG	Reznikova et al. 2009 (Oscs were not analysed; NoRH data were saturated)
21 August 2002	01:35	01:45	M1.4	26-28 s	RHESSI 50-100 keV	Kuznetsov et al. 2016
12 August 2002	max: 02:17			12.5 s	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Kupriyanova et al. 2013
28 July 2002	max: 23:01		M2.2	8 s	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Kupriyanova et al. 2010
20 July 2002	21:27	21:33		22 s, 13 s	1–18 GHz, OVSA	Mossessian & Fleishman 2012
18 July 2002	Max: 03:32		M2.2	9 s 17 s	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Kupriyanova et al. 2010
03 July 2002	02:09:00 UT	02:15:00 UT	X1.5	11s, 18s, 28s	Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (RHESSI)	Inglis and Nakariakov, 2009 Kupriyanova et al. 2013
31 May 2002	Max: 00:07:25		M2.4	16-->9 s	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Kupriyanova et al. 2010
14 March 2002	01:41 UT	01:49 UT	M5.7	12.5 s, 27 down to 9 s	17 GHz, 34 GHz, NoRH, NoRP; 6-12 keV, 25-50 keV RHESSI	Kupriyanova et al. 2010; Zimovets et al. 2013; Kuznetsov et al. 2016
11 December 2001	08:01:00 UT	08:06:00 UT	X2.8	12s	Radio (Guaribidanur Radioheliograph, Mauritius Radio Telescope)	Ramesh et al. 2005
25 October 2001	14:42:20 UT	14:50:50	X1.3	43s, 47s	Hard X-ray (MTI)	Farnik, Karlicky and Svestka 2003
22 October 2001	17:47:40 UT	17:55:07 UT	X1.2	25s	Hard X-ray (MTI)	Farnik, Karlicky and Svestka 2003
02 October 2001	17:10	17:18	C4.7	P_1 = 26-31 s and P_2 = 110 s	14-23 keV Yohkoh, HRT	Tomczak & Szaforz, 2014
25 August 2001	16:31:09 UT	16:31:10 UT	X5.3	20–100 ms	SST 212 GHz flux	Makhmutov et al. 2003
25 August 2001	22:10:00 UT	23:00:00 UT	C9.6	40 - 80s	White light (Big Bear Solar Observatory)	McAteer et al. 2005
02 May 2001	00:35 UT	00:37 UT	M1.8	25s; 50s	HXT Yohkoh	Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008
15 April 2001	13:19:00 UT	22:00:00 UT	X14.4	Including 64s, 77s, 90s, 98s, 111s, 170s, 300s	Radio (Ondrejov), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh)	Meszarosova et al. 2006
06 April 2001	19:18:52 UT	19:18:53 UT	X5.6	20–100 ms	SST 212 GHz flux	Makhmutov et al. 2003
05 April 2001	08:30	08:49		36 s, 94 s	HXT Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
03 April 2001	03:18 UT	03:43 UT	X1.2	150 s; 206 s	HXT Yohkoh; CGRO BATSE DISCLA	Jakimiec et al. 2008
12 April 2001	09:39:00 UT	10:49:00 UT	X2	Including 64s, 93s, 140 s, 160 s, 293 s, 320 s	Radio (Ondrejov), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh), Soft X-ray (Yohkoh/SXT)	Meszarosova et al. 2006
29 March 2001	09:57:00 UT	10:04:00 UT	X1.7	48 s	Hard X-ray (MTI)	Farnik, Karlicky and Svestka 2003
23 November 2000	05:35:00 UT	05:45:00 UT	C5.4	15 s	Radio (Guaribidanur Radioheliograph)	Ramesh, Kathiravan and Narayanan 2004
24 November 2000	15:08	15:19		50 s	HXT Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
14 July 2000	10:03:00 UT	10:43:00 UT	X5.7	Including 61s, 79s, 116s, 147s, 315s, 330s	Radio (Ondrejov), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh)	Meszarosova et al. 2006
23 June 2000	22:14	22:31		53 s	HXT Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
7 March 2000	19:46	19:53		28 s, 60 s	HXT Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
12 January 2000	01:32:00 UT	01:40:00 UT	M2.8	8-11s, 14-17s	Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh)	Reznikova et al. 2007, Melnikov et al. 2005, Nakariakov et al. 2003
28 August 1999	00:55:00 UT	00:58:00 UT	M2.8	2.4s, 7s, 14s	Microwave (Nobeyama)	Stepanov et al. 2004
10 November 1998	00:12:00 UT	00:17:00 UT	C7.9	40s	Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh)	Grechnev, White & Kundu 2003, Asai et al. 2001
30 September 1998	13:29 UT	13:38 UT	M2.8	140 s; 166 s	HXT Yohkoh; CGRO BATSE DISCLA	Jakimiec et al. 2008
18 August 1998	08:18 UT	08:23 UT	X2.8	21 s; 28 s 154 s	HXT Yohkoh	Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008 Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
28 May 1998	19:02	19:11		49 s	HXT Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
8 May 1998	01:55:00 UT	02:00:00 UT	M3.1	16s 70 s	Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh), CGRO BATSE DISCLA	Stepanov et al. 2004, Inglis, Nakariakov & Melnikov 2008 Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008 Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
6 May 1998	08:02	08:15		36 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
15 Apr 1998	07:40	07:54	C8.8	85 s	25–50, 50 –100 keV 9.4 GHz and 17 GHz	Wu et al., 2005
29 Jan 1994	11:20	11:32		28 s, 140 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
16 Jan 1994	23:11	23:21		46 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
27 Sept 1993	12:07	12:17		52 s, 114 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
26 June 1993	03:14	03:30		56 s, 92 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
14 May 1993	21:58	22:10		Rising phase: 32±4 s impulsive phase: 31±2 s impulsive phase: 23 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Jakimiec & Tomczak, 2012
12 March 1993	17:52	18:04		Rising phase: 56±5 s impulsive phase: 16±1 s impulsive phase: 26 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Jakimiec & Tomczak, 2012
2 March 1993	21:05	21:30	M5.1	94 ± 8 s (rising phase) 134 s	Yohkoh HXT, GOES, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory	Jakimiec & Tomczak, 2014
22 Nov 1992	23:07	23:13		27 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
5 November 1992	06:15 UT	06:25 UT	M2.0	6 s 6 and 12 s	NoRH, NoRP, Yohkoh/HXT hard X-ray and microwave	Goldvarg et al. 2013 Tsap et al. 2013
5 October 1992	09:24:00 UT	09:27:00 UT	M2	4s, 28s 39 s, 68 s	Radio (Ondrejov, Zurich), Hard X-ray HXR, Yohkoh	Kliem, Karlicky and Benz 2000 Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
6 September 1992	06:54	07:03		43 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
20 August, 1992	09:03 UT	09:28		39 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
28 June 1992	13:54 UT	14:00 UT	M1.6	56 s; 66 s	CGRO BATSE DISCLA, HXT Yohkoh	Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008 Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
17 February 1992	08:00:00 UT	12:00:00 UT	C4.1 ?	180 s	Radio	Chernov et al., 1998
6 February 1992	03:16	03:27		30 s, 55 s, 81 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
18 December 1991	10:27	10:33		60 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
17 November 1991	18:33	18:37		21 s, 55 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
10 November 1991	20:05	20:12		36 s, 102 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
02 November 1991	15:32	17:00	M4.8	rising phase: 129±3 s impulsive: 164 s decay phase: 115±10 s	HXR, SXR, Yohkoh	Jakimiez & Tomczak, 2013
31 October 1991	09:08	09:13		35 s, 55 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
24 October 1991	22:33	22:50		82 s	HXR, Yohkoh	Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015
11 July 1991	09:30:00 UT	12:00:00 UT	-	Including 35s, 30s, 24s, 19s	Radio (Crimean Astrophysical Observatory)	Baranov and Tsvetkov, 1994
20 April 1991	08:30:00 UT	10:15:00 UT	X1.0	3min, 5min	White light	Jain and Tripathy, 1998
10 June 1990	?	?	-	143s	X-ray (Granat Observatory)	Terekhov et al. 2002
23 May 1990	04:01	04:51	M8.7	1.5 s, 40 s	Nanjing, Beijing, 2.84, 9.375, 15 GHz	Qin, Li, Fu, Gao, 1996
15 November 1989	06:40:00 UT	07:28:00 UT	X3.2	3min, 5min	White light	Jain and Tripathy, 1998
14 November 1988	14:30:00 UT	15:13:00 UT	-	12s	Radio (Trieste Astronomical Observatory)	Zlobec et al. 1992
22 June 1989	14:44 UT	14:50 UT	C8.4	2-4s	HXR (SMM) dm (PHOENIX)	Aschwanden et al. 1993
6 September 1981	23:53:00 UT	23:54:00 UT	-	2.5s	Hard X-ray (Solar Maximum Mission)	Desai et al. 1987
7 June 1980	03:12:00 UT	03:13:30 UT	-	8s	Microwave (Nobeyama and Toyokawa Observatories), X-rays (ISEE-3 and P78-1)	Kane et al. 1983, Kiplinger et al. 1983
6 November 1979	08:38:00 UT	08:39:00 UT	-	2s, 6s	Hard X-ray (Venera 12)	Desai et al. 1987
3 December 1978	20:30:00 UT	20:32:00 UT	-	1.7s, 0.8s	Hard X-ray (Venera 12, Prognoz 7)	Bogovalov et al. 1983, Desai et al. 1987
22 September 1978	11:56:00 UT	13:30:00 UT	-	2.1s - 2.4s	Radio	Urpo et al. 1981
12 April 1977	09:50:00 UT	10:30:00 UT	-	60s	Radio	Trottet, Pick and Heyvaerts, 1979
29 September 1968	09:30:00 UT	09:39:00 UT	-	1.7s	Radio	Abrami, 1970
8 August 1968	18:15:20 UT	18:18:00 UT	-	16s	Microwave (Sigamore Hill Radio Obs.), X-rays	Parks and Winckler 1969