WEBVTT 00:00:02.966 --> 00:00:06.966 Hi everyone, my name is Phil. I work for WMG 00:00:06.966 --> 00:00:10.966 at the University of Warwick. And as part of the STEM Enterprise Competition 00:00:10.966 --> 00:00:14.966 you'll be hearing from people who work in STEM 00:00:14.966 --> 00:00:18.966 I'm really lucky, I'm part of the Outreach team at WMG 00:00:18.966 --> 00:00:22.966 and that means I'm not a real researcher, I'm not going into labs 00:00:22.966 --> 00:00:25.366 and workshops all the time, but I get to talk to people who do. 00:00:25.366 --> 00:00:27.932 I get to ask them what they're up to. 00:00:27.933 --> 00:00:31.933 Now what you're going to be doing this week is designing a product. 00:00:31.933 --> 00:00:35.933 I think you would be hard pushed to find a product that doesn't contain 00:00:35.933 --> 00:00:39.933 a sensor. Otherwise, it's just a box. 00:00:39.933 --> 00:00:43.933 A TV remote is just... a stick without the buttons. 00:00:43.933 --> 00:00:47.933 Without responding to something that you're doing, products are useless. 00:00:47.933 --> 00:00:51.933 That's why we thought you would have fun with these boxes. 00:00:51.933 --> 00:00:55.933 Hopefully you've all received one. What you've got in here are some batteries 00:00:55.933 --> 00:00:59.933 you've got a battery pack to put them into. And then some little 00:00:59.933 --> 00:01:03.933 bits and pieces to play with that you can try and make something with. 00:01:03.933 --> 00:01:07.933 Now, the very first thing I need to say and it will be written on the inside 00:01:07.933 --> 00:01:11.933 of every one of these boxes. Please don't short circuit batteries. 00:01:11.933 --> 00:01:15.933 We're being very safety conscious. We're all working from home, we're 00:01:15.933 --> 00:01:19.933 all working in strange ways, but, a short circuit, simply put, 00:01:19.933 --> 00:01:23.933 would be if I were to connect these two wires together. 00:01:23.933 --> 00:01:27.933 Straight out of the battery, with all of that energy trapped inside the battery, 00:01:27.933 --> 00:01:31.933 it's ready to be released. If you connect these two together, 00:01:31.933 --> 00:01:35.933 that energy will be released, but it won't be used to make a lightbulb light up 00:01:35.933 --> 00:01:39.933 or a buzzer make a noise, it won't make a motor move. 00:01:39.933 --> 00:01:43.933 So we're not using that energy for kinetic or light or sound 00:01:43.933 --> 00:01:47.933 energy, the only place left is heat. 00:01:47.933 --> 00:01:51.933 So if you connect two parts of a circuit with nothing 00:01:51.933 --> 00:01:55.933 going through them, the energy is just going around in a circle without 00:01:55.933 --> 00:01:59.933 doing anything, it will generate heat. Please, do be very careful. 00:01:59.933 --> 00:02:03.933 Don't short circuit batteries. 00:02:03.933 --> 00:02:07.933 I'm going to show you each component, we'll have a quick run through of what they do. 00:02:07.933 --> 00:02:10.466 Just to make sure you've got an idea of what you've got in these boxes. 00:02:11.466 --> 00:02:15.466 First up are your batteries. I'm sure you've used batteries so I won't mess around with those. 00:02:15.466 --> 00:02:19.466 You have a battery case to pop your batteries into, and 00:02:19.466 --> 00:02:23.466 a simple safety feature on here is that you can turn it off when you're done by flicking the switch 00:02:23.466 --> 00:02:27.466 across. So turning it off reduces the chance of a short circuit. 00:02:27.466 --> 00:02:31.466 So remember, once you're done, flick the switch. 00:02:31.466 --> 00:02:35.466 You've got some crocodile clips and these are really useful for 00:02:35.466 --> 00:02:39.466 clamping onto any wires or components, for example, 00:02:39.466 --> 00:02:43.466 if you're using the switch you could clip the crocodile clip onto it like this. 00:02:43.466 --> 00:02:47.466 The colour of the wires doesn't make any difference except it might help you keep track 00:02:47.466 --> 00:02:51.466 of what's going on. You'll have a little bag of 00:02:51.466 --> 00:02:55.466 LEDs - these are quite simple. They're little lights. 00:02:55.466 --> 00:02:59.466 They'll light up when you put a current through them. One leg is slightly longer than the other 00:02:59.466 --> 00:03:03.466 This one is slightly longer. What you'll need to do is connect the 00:03:03.466 --> 00:03:07.466 positive end of your battery - so that's the lumpy bit on your battery 00:03:07.466 --> 00:03:11.466 or the red wire coming out of the battery pack to this side. 00:03:11.466 --> 00:03:15.466 If you do it the wrong way round this won't light up. It's a diode. 00:03:15.466 --> 00:03:19.466 A Light Emitting Diode. It only allows current to flow in one direction. 00:03:19.466 --> 00:03:23.466 You'll have several different colours and shapes but they'll all do the same thing. 00:03:25.666 --> 00:03:29.666 There are some jumper leads and these are literally just some little wires but the 00:03:29.666 --> 00:03:33.666 ends are quite thin so if you needed to poke them through some cardboard or something 00:03:33.666 --> 00:03:37.666 like that, do be careful, but you could do it with one of these jumper leads. 00:03:37.666 --> 00:03:41.666 There's also a resistor. 00:03:41.666 --> 00:03:45.666 A resistor, if I take the tape off, this is just to keep it secure in here. 00:03:45.666 --> 00:03:49.666 A resistor, as the name suggests, just 00:03:49.666 --> 00:03:53.666 resists the flow of electricity going through it. You can bend it into whatever shape you need. 00:03:53.666 --> 00:03:57.666 All it does is it keeps control. 00:03:57.666 --> 00:04:01.666 When we're using these batteries we have a set voltage, we have a current that goes along 00:04:01.666 --> 00:04:05.666 with it, you might know some of the formulas from Physics, but I won't go through them 00:04:05.666 --> 00:04:09.666 here. The ratio of voltage to current 00:04:09.666 --> 00:04:13.666 is controlled by the resistance, so if we want to stop things getting too hot, 00:04:13.666 --> 00:04:17.666 we use a resistor to do that. 00:04:17.666 --> 00:04:21.666 Any circuit where we don't have much resistance, you need to add this. 00:04:21.666 --> 00:04:25.666 For example in the designs there's one that just uses tin foil as the sensor 00:04:25.666 --> 00:04:29.666 we're going to need a resistor. 00:04:29.666 --> 00:04:33.666 When you're using the plant pot - the moisture sensor, you're probably not going to need this 00:04:33.666 --> 00:04:37.666 because the soil itself is providing the resistance. 00:04:37.666 --> 00:04:41.666 There are a few other components that aren't mentioned in the printed guide, 00:04:41.666 --> 00:04:44.732 but you can think of something to do with it yourself, if you want to. 00:04:45.733 --> 00:04:49.733 There are four designs for some sensors printed on paper and on the website too. 00:04:49.733 --> 00:04:53.733 These are only suggestions, but 00:04:53.733 --> 00:04:57.733 they're a really good place to start to think about what you need to put in a circuit 00:04:57.733 --> 00:05:01.733 to measure an input or respond to something and create an output. 00:05:01.733 --> 00:05:05.733 To show you that something has changed. Pick one of those and recreate it, 00:05:05.733 --> 00:05:09.733 see if you can get it to work, 00:05:09.733 --> 00:05:13.733 and think about what kind of a product you could put it into. The idea here is just 00:05:13.733 --> 00:05:17.733 to give you a starting point to think about what kind of devices you could build if you had 00:05:17.733 --> 00:05:21.733 all the technology in the world. What things could you make, 00:05:21.733 --> 00:05:25.733 what could you measure, what would your product respond to. 00:05:25.733 --> 00:05:29.733 Any useful product will have a response in there somewhere. It will respond to something, 00:05:29.733 --> 00:05:33.733 it will detect a change and react to it. So when you're designing 00:05:33.733 --> 00:05:37.733 your product for the rest of the week, think about what kind of sensors and circuits 00:05:37.733 --> 00:05:38.966 you will need. 00:05:38.966 --> 00:05:42.132 I hope you have fun, enjoy the rest of the week, and good luck!