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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20260420T163517Z
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20230628T150000
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20230628T170000
SUMMARY:WMA seminar - Eylem Özaltun
TZID:Europe/London
UID:20230628-8a1785d78895e6400188d5afd90324ca@warwick.ac.uk
CREATED:20230624T123027Z
DESCRIPTION:We will be hearing from Eylem Özaltun on her paper entitled\,
  'Paralogisms revisited: transcendental object as arbitrary object' Abst
 ract: I start by registering that Kant’s concern in the passages where h
 e talks about I think is the possibility of objective thought and ration
 al discourse. Hence any account of Kant’s I think must first and foremos
 t make its role in establishing this possibility intelligible. The main 
 claim of my paper is that any account of I think according to which “I” 
 refers to an individual cannot meet this adequacy criterion. I show this
  by investigating a curios expression Kant uses\, namely\, “=X”. This ex
 pression appears in B404: “Through this I\, or He\, or It (the thing)\, 
 which thinks\, nothing further is represented than a transcendental subj
 ect of thoughts = X”. I argue that “=X” is Kant’s device for emphasizing
  the indeterminacy of a certain representation. It is a specific kind of
  indeterminacy which makes this indeterminate representation suitable fo
 r figuring in deductive inferences like universal instantiation and univ
 ersal generalization. “=X” is a vehicle for generality for Kant. I furth
 er argue that Kant models the vehicles of generality he employs in his m
 etaphysics on the use of such devices in ordinary mathematical discourse
 . Namely\, he models his notion of the transcendental on the notion of t
 he arbitrary in mathematics. I take it that when Kant uses “transcendent
 al” to modify “object” or “subject” he uses it as synonymous with “arbit
 rary” as in “Let X be an arbitrary triangle”. How do arbitrary objects w
 ork as a vehicle of generality in ordinary mathematical discourse? In or
 der to answer this question in a way that will help us to interpret Kant
 \, we need a study of the discourse as a study of natural language of ma
 thematics. After all Kant did not look at mathematics via the post-Frege
 an logical reconstructions of its reasonings. Now if there are some sign
 ificant mismatches between such reconstructions and the ordinary practic
 e\, we cannot use the former to see what Kant saw in mathematical reason
 ing. What we need is a study of how mathematicians use arbitrary objects
  as a vehicle of generality without explicit quantification. I find what
  we need in Kit Fine’s work: in his account of arbitrary objects as vari
 able objects constructed by Locke-Cantor abstraction. I show that Locke-
 Cantor conception of abstraction is the best model for how Kant abstract
 s to get to the arbitrary objects of his metaphysics\, namely\, the tran
 scendental object and transcendental subject. Being abstract objects\, t
 hey are logically distinct type of objects than the individual objects t
 hat fall in their range. (For example\, an arbitrary integer is not iden
 tical to any particular integer. Such an identity claim would not only b
 e false but a category mistake). I argue that Kant appeals to their bein
 g of logically distinct type to expose the formal mistakes of rational p
 sychologists in Paralogisms. I show that Kant’s criticism can be summari
 zed with a slogan: do not confuse a reference to an arbitrary object wit
 h a reference to an individual object in its range! Then I argue that th
 inking that the “I” of I think refers to an individual is just this conf
 usion. Finally\, I show that the same confusion would result in reductio
 n of Kant’s account of recognition of others as rational beings to an ar
 gument from analogy.
LOCATION:S0.17
CATEGORIES:Warwick Mind & Action,WMA Research Centre,Seminar
LAST-MODIFIED:20230624T123027Z
ORGANIZER;CN=Hemdat Lerman:
END:VEVENT
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