BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//SiteBuilder 2//University of Warwick ITS Web Team//EN
VERSION:2.0
CALSCALE:GREGORIAN
METHOD:PUBLISH
X-WR-TIMEZONE:Europe/London
X-LIC-LOCATION:Europe/London
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Europe/London
LAST-MODIFIED:20201010T011803Z
TZURL:http://tzurl.org/zoneinfo/Europe/London
X-LIC-LOCATION:Europe/London
X-PROLEPTIC-TZNAME:LMT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+000115
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:18471201T000000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19160521T020000
RDATE:19170408T020000
RDATE:19180324T020000
RDATE:19190330T020000
RDATE:19200328T020000
RDATE:19210403T020000
RDATE:19220326T020000
RDATE:19230422T020000
RDATE:19240413T020000
RDATE:19270410T020000
RDATE:19300413T020000
RDATE:19330409T020000
RDATE:19340422T020000
RDATE:19350414T020000
RDATE:19380410T020000
RDATE:19390416T020000
RDATE:19400225T020000
RDATE:19460414T020000
RDATE:19470316T020000
RDATE:19480314T020000
RDATE:19490403T020000
RDATE:19530419T020000
RDATE:19540411T020000
RDATE:19570414T020000
RDATE:19600410T020000
RDATE:19680218T020000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19161001T030000
RDATE:19170917T030000
RDATE:19180930T030000
RDATE:19190929T030000
RDATE:19201025T030000
RDATE:19211003T030000
RDATE:19221008T030000
RDATE:19391119T030000
RDATE:19471102T030000
RDATE:19481031T030000
RDATE:19491030T030000
RDATE:19711031T030000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19230916T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19240921T020000Z;BYMONTH=9;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19250419T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19260418T020000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19251004T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19381002T020000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYMONTHDAY=2,3,4,5,6,
 7,8;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19280422T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19290421T020000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19310419T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19320417T020000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19360419T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19370418T020000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BDST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0200
DTSTART:19410504T020000
RDATE:19450402T020000
RDATE:19470413T020000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0200
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19410810T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19430815T010000Z;BYMONTH=8;BYMONTHDAY=9,10,11,12,
 13,14,15;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BDST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0200
DTSTART:19420405T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19440402T010000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=2,3,4,5,6,7
 ,8;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0200
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19440917T030000
RDATE:19450715T030000
RDATE:19470810T030000
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19451007T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19461006T020000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYMONTHDAY=2,3,4,5,6,
 7,8;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19500416T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19520420T020000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=14,15,16,17
 ,18,19,20;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19501022T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19521026T020000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYMONTHDAY=21,22,23,2
 4,25,26,27;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19531004T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19601002T020000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYMONTHDAY=2,3,4,5,6,
 7,8;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19550417T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19560422T020000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19580420T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19590419T020000Z;BYMONTH=4;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19610326T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19630331T020000Z;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=-1SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19611029T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19671029T020000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYMONTHDAY=23,24,25,2
 6,27,28,29;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19640322T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19670319T020000Z;BYMONTH=3;BYMONTHDAY=19,20,21,22
 ,23,24,25;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19681026T230000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19720319T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19800316T020000Z;BYMONTH=3;BYMONTHDAY=16,17,18,19
 ,20,21,22;BYDAY=SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19721029T030000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19801026T020000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYMONTHDAY=23,24,25,2
 6,27,28,29;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:DAYLIGHT
TZNAME:BST
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0100
DTSTART:19810329T010000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=3;BYDAY=-1SU
END:DAYLIGHT
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19811025T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19891029T010000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYMONTHDAY=23,24,25,2
 6,27,28,29;BYDAY=SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19901028T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;UNTIL=19951022T010000Z;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=4SU
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0000
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19960101T000000
END:STANDARD
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZNAME:GMT
TZOFFSETFROM:+0100
TZOFFSETTO:+0000
DTSTART:19961027T020000
RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYMONTH=10;BYDAY=-1SU
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20260511T032650Z
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20250217T130000
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20250217T140000
SUMMARY:Economic History Seminar - Toke Aidt (Cambridge)
TZID:Europe/London
UID:20250217-8a1785d89097808f0190981c46c703cf@warwick.ac.uk
CREATED:20250202T224029Z
DESCRIPTION:Title: Can democratic reforms promote political activism? Evi
 dence from the Great Reform Act of 1832 (with Gabriel Leon-Ablan) Abstra
 ct: Activists play a key role in the process of democratic transition an
 d consolidation. How is their activism affected by democratic reforms? W
 e study how local activism responded to the changes in representation in
 troduced by Britain’s Great Reform Act. This reform removed all parliame
 ntary representation from some areas\; other areas gained representation
  for the first time. We exploit exogenous variation in which areas lost 
 and gained representation and measure activism using the number of petit
 ions each area sent to parliament. We find that petitioning increased in
  areas that gained representation\, partly because of greater civil soci
 ety mobilization. We also find that petitioning fell in areas that lost 
 representation. This shows that pro-democratic reforms can promote polit
 ical activism\, while anti-democratic reforms can decrease it. In the ca
 se of Britain\, there could have been positive feedback between activism
  and reform\, making democratization a path-dependent process and the Gr
 eat Reform Act its critical juncture.
LOCATION:S2.79
CATEGORIES:Economic History Seminar
LAST-MODIFIED:20250202T224029Z
ORGANIZER;CN=Gill Gudger:
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR