• Scientists develop method to create endocytosis on demand

• System using a chemical and light likened to ‘hotwiring’ a car

• Discovery could be used to ‘feed’ cells with drugs or nanoparticles

A solution to the problem of creating endocytosis on demand is being compared to ‘hotwiring’ a car.

A team at Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, has managed to trigger clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the lab. They did it by using a chemical rapamycin which diffuses in to the cell allowing them to trigger endocytosis to occur all over the cell. Their study New Tools for 'Hot-Wiring' Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis with Temporal and Spatial Precision has just been published in The Journal of Cell Biology.

Endocytosis is very important to the cell, for example it allows cells to import nutrients to live and controls cell movements, growth and how cells ‘talk’ to one another. Cell biologists have studied for decades how endocytosis works however up till now they have found it impossible to control the process.

The team was led by Dr Stephen Royle reader and senior Cancer Research UK fellow at Warwick Medical School said: “We’ve compared our method to ‘hot-wiring’ a car. When this happens in the movies, a bad guy breaks into a car and just twists some wires together to start the car and make a getaway.

“To trigger endocytosis we used the cell's own proteins, but we modified them. We chopped out all the unnecessary parts and just left the bare essentials. We call the process of triggering endocytosis ‘hot-wiring’ because it is similar to just twisting the wires together rather than having a key.

“It turns out that movies are not like real life, and hot-wiring a car is actually quite difficult and takes a while. So our systems are more like the Hollywood version than real life!”

The team also solved the problem of knowing where endocytosis will happen on the cell. This was done by engineering a light-sensitive version of their system. With this new version they used blue light to trigger endocytosis. Whereas unlike the chemical, which could appear anywhere across the cell, the light can be focused in a narrow region causing endocytosis to be triggered only in that region. This allows the team to control where – as well as when – a vesicle that carries nutrients will form.

The new method will allow cell biologists to accurately study the timing of endocytosis and what proteins are required. It also potentially means that molecules can be delivered to cells that they cannot normally enter. Eventually scientists may be able to ‘force feed’ cells with whatever they want, such as drugs or nanoparticles that are not actively taken up by cells.

28 September 2017

Photocaption: endocytic vesicles made by ‘hot-wiring’
Credit: Gabrielle Larocque
Image taken in Stephen Royle’s lab (The pinky-purple spots are the endocytic vesicles made by hot-wiring process)

Notes to Editors
New Tools for 'Hot-Wiring' Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis with Temporal and Spatial Precision
The Journal of Cell Biology, http://jcb.rupress.org/content/early/2017/09/26/jcb.201702188

Authors
Laura A. Wood: Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
Gabrielle Larocque: Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
Nicholas I. Clarke: Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
Sourav Sarkar: Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick
Stephen J. Royle: Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick

Laura Wood was funded by the Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership grant

For further details contact Nicola Jones, Media Relations Manager University of Warwick 07920531221 or 02476574255 N.Jones.1@warwick.ac.uk