Project Secondary Bibilography
Printed Sources
A Brief Account of the Female Humane Association. Baltimore: Warner & Hanna, 1803.
A History of the Orphan House and Episcopal Free School Society of All Saints' Church, Fredericktown, Maryland, 1838-1915. n.p., n.d.
A Plan of the Female Humane Association Charity School. Baltimore: broadside, 1800.
A Warning to the Citizens of Baltimore Baltimore: n.p., 1821.
Act of Incorporation and By-laws of the Hibernian Society of Baltimore. Baltimore: E. John Schmitz, 1960.
Act of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Steamboat Captains' Union Benevolent Association of New Orleans. New Orleans: Bulletin Book and Job Office, 1860.
Acts of the General Assembly of the state of Georgia. Augusta: Alexander M'Millan, 1794.
Act of Incorporation and Constitution of the Society for the Relief of the Poor of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Baltimore City Station. Baltimore: John W. Woods, 1853.
Acts passed by the General Assembly of South Carolina. Charles-Town: Peter Timothy, 1736.
Acts passed at the Fourth Annual Session of the General Assembly of the State of Alabama. Cahawba: Wm B. Allen & Co, 1823.
Address to the People of North Carolina: Conference of Teachers and Friends of Education. Raleigh: n.p., 1861
Alexander, John K. Render Them Submissive: Responses to Poverty in Philadelphia, 1760-1800. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980.
Allestree, Richard. The Whole Duty of Man. Williamsburg: W. Parks, 1746.
Allston, R.F.W. Address Before the Members and Pupils of the Winyah Indigo Society Delivered in Georgetown on the 5th of May, 1854 their 99th Anniversary by the President. Charleston: Walker, Evans & Co, 1859.
Amos, Harriet. "'City Belles': Images and Realities of the Lives of White Women in Antebellum Mobile." The Alabama Review 34, no.1 (January 1981): 3-19.
------ Cotton City : Urban Development in Antebellum Mobile. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1985.
An Account of the Origin and Progress of the Savannah Free School Society. New York: Day and Turner, 1819.
An Account of the Rise, Progress and Present State of the Boston Female Asylum. Boston: Russel and Cutler, 1803.
An Act to Incorporate The Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small children Passed April 2, 1802. New York, n.p., 1802.
An appeal in behalf of the Ladies Fuel Society of Charleston SC. Charleston: Walker, Evans & Co, 1860.
Annual Report of Superintendent of Public Schools, Fourth District, New Orleans, May 15, 1855. New Orleans: Carson & Armstrong, 1855.
Annual Report of the Board of Administrators of the Charity Hospital. New Orleans: The Board, 1839.
Annual Report of the Board of Visitors of the Natchez Institute. Natchez: The Institute, 1854.
Annual Report of the Managers of the LadiesÓ Benevolent Society. New Orleans, Sherman, Wharton & Co, 1855.
Annual Report of the school commissioners of Baltimore County. Baltimore: James Lucas, 1854.
Annual Report of the Society for the Relief of Destitute Females and their Helpless Children. New Orleans: Office of the Picayune, 1852.
Annual Report of Wm F. Perry, Superintendent of Education of the State of Alabama. Montgomery: N. B. Cloud, State Printer, 1858.
Appleby, Joyce. Capitalism and a New Social Order : The Republican Vision of the 1790s. New York and London: New York Universities Press, 1984.
Ashby, Le Roy. Endangered Children: Dependency, Neglect, and Abuse in American History. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997.
Ashcraft, Virginia. Public Care: A History of Public welfare legislation in Tennessee. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Record, 1947.
At a meeting of the Female Humane Association, February 5th, 1816. Richmond, Ritchie, Trueheart & Duval, 1816.
Atherton, Lewis E. The Southern Country Store, 1800-1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1949.
Atherton, Lewis C. ÒMercantile Education in the Antebellum South.Ó Mississippi Valley Historical Review 39, no.4 (March 1953): 623-640.
Bacon, Thomas. A Sermon Preached at the Parish Church of St. PeterÕs in Talbot County, Maryland on Sunday the 14th of October 1750, for the Benefit of a Charity Working School to be Set Up in the Said Parish for the Maintenance and Education of Orphans and Other Poor Children and Negroes. London: J. Oliver, 1751.
Bailey, Fred Arthur. Class and TennesseeÕs Confederate Generation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
------ ÒTennesseeÕs Antebellum Common Folk.Ó Tennessee Historical Quarterly 55, no.1 (Spring 1996): 40-55.
------ ÒTennesseeÕs Antebellum Society from the Bottom Up.Ó Southern Studies 22, no.3 (Fall 1983): 260-273.
Ball, Charles. Slavery In The United States: A Narrative Of The Life And Adventures Of Charles Ball, A Black Man. New York: J. S. Taylor, 1837.
The Baltimore Humane Impartial Society and Aged WomenÕs Home: Acts of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Society and Rules for the Government of the Aged WomenÕs home. Baltimore: James Young, 1851.
Banner, Lois W. ÒReligious Benevolence as Social Control: a Critique of an Interpretation.Ó Journal of American History 60, no.1 (June 1973): 23-41.
Baptist, Edward E. Creating an Old South: Middle FloridaÕs Plantation Frontier before the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
Barnes, L. Diane, ÒSouthern Artisans, Organisation and the Rise of a Market Economy in Antebellum Petersburg.Ó The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 107, no.2 (Spring 1999): 159-188.
Beeman, Richard R. ed. ÒTrade and Travel in Post-Revolutionary Virginia: A Diary of an Itinerant Peddler, 1807-1808.Ó Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 84, no.2 (April 1976): 174-88.
Bellinger, E. Compilation of Laws relating to the Powers and Duties of Commissioners of the Poor in South Carolina. Columbia: R W Gibbes, 1859.
Bellows, Barbara L. Benevolence Among Slaveholders: Assisting the Poor in Charleston, 1670-1860. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1993.
------ ÒÕMy Children, Gentlemen, Are My OwnÕ: Poor Women, the Urban Elite, and the Bonds of Obligation in Antebellum Charleston.Ó In The Web of Southern Social Relations: Women Family & Education. Edited by Walter J.Fraser, Jr, R.Frank Saunders, Jr, & Jon L. Wakelyn, 52-71. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985.
------ ÒTempering the Wind: The Southern Response to Urban Poverty, 1850-1865.Ó Ph.D. diss. University of South Carolina, 1983.
Bend, Joseph G. L. An Address to the Members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Baltimore: Joseph Robinson, 1811.
Bernhard, Virginia. ÒPoverty and the Social Order in Seventeenth-Century Virginia.Ó Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 85, no.2 (April 1977): 141-155.
Best, John Hardin. ÒEducation in the Forming of the American South.Ó History of Education Quarterly 36, no.1 (Spring 1996): 39-51.
Betts, John Rickards. ÒAmerican Medical thought on Exercise as the Road to Health, 1820-1860.Ó Bulletin of the History of Medicine 45, no.2 (March-April 1971): 139-152.
------ ÒMind and Body in Early American Thought.Ó Journal of American History 54, no.4 (March 1968): 787-805.
Beverley, Robert. The History of Virginia London: B. and S. Tooke, F. Fayram and J. Clarke, and T. Bickerton, 1722.
Blumin, Stuart. The Emergence of the Middle Class: Social Experience in the American city 1760-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Boan, Fern. A History of Poor Relief Legislation and Administration in Missouri. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1941.
Bolton, Charles. Poor Whites of the Antebellum South: Tenants and Laborers in Central North Carolina and Northeast Mississippi. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1994.
Bolton, S. Charles. Southern Anglicanism: The Church of England in Colonial South Carolina. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982.
Bowden, Haygood S. Two Hundred Years of Education. Richmond: Dietz Printing Co, 1932.
Boyer, Paul. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Boylan, Anne M. The Origins of WomenÕs Activism: New York and Boston, 1797-1840. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
------ ÒWomen in Groups: An Analysis of WomenÕs Benevolent Organisation in New York and Boston, 1797-1840.Ó Journal of American History 71, no.3 (December 1984): 497-523.
Brown, Roy M. Public Poor Relief in North Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1928.
Buckingham, James Silk. The Slave States of America. London: Fisher & Son, 1843.
By-laws of the Orphan House of Charleston, South Carolina. Revised and Adopted by the Board of Commissioners, 4th April, 1861. Charleston: Steam-Power Presses of Evans & Cogswell, 1861.
By-Laws of the Trustees and Rules for the Government of the Poor-House of Baltimore County. Baltimore: P. & R. W. Edes, 1818.
Byrd, Michael Dane. ÒWhite Poor and Poor Relief in Charles Town, 1725-1775: A Prosopography.Ó Ph.D. diss. University of South Carolina, 2005.
Calo, Zachary Ryan. ÒFrom Poor Relief to the Poorhouse: The Response to Poverty in Prince GeorgeÕs County, Maryland, 1710-1770.Ó Maryland Historical Magazine 93, no. 4 (Winter 1998): 393-427.
Candler, Allen D., ed. The Colonial Records of the State of Georgia. New York: AMS Press, 1970.
Carlton, Frank Tracy. Economic Influences upon Educational Progress in the United States, 1820-1850. New York: Teachers College Press, 1965.
Carr, Lois Green. ÒThe Development of the Maryland OrphanÕs Court.Ó In Law, Society and Politics in Early Maryland, edited by Aubrey C. Land, Lois Green Carr and Papefuse, 41-56. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1977.
------ ÒThe Foundations of Social Order: Local Government in Colonial Maryland.Ó In Town and County: Essays on the Structure of Local Government in the American colonies, edited by Bruce C. Daniels, 72-110. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1978.
Carrol, Douglas G. Jr., and Blanche D. Coll. ÒThe Baltimore Almshouse, an Early History.Ó Maryland Historical Magazine, 66, no.2 (Summer 1971): 135-152.
Catler, William W. III. ÒStatus, Values and the Education of the Poor: The Trustees of the New York Public School Society, 1805-1853.Ó American Quarterly 24, no.1 (March 1972): 69-85.
Charter, Constitution and By-Laws of the Petersburg Benevolent Mechanic Association: Origin, January 4, 1825. Petersburg: n.p., 1826.
Church, Alonzo. A Discourse Delivered Before the Georgia Historical Society on the Occasion of its Sixth Anniversary on Wednesday, 12th February 1845. Savannah: The Society, 1845.
Clark, Christopher. ÒThe consequences of the Market Revolution in the American North.Ó In The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political and Religious Expressions. Edited by Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway, 23-42. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.
------ The Roots of Rural Capitalism: Western Massachusetts, 1780-1860. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.
Clement, Priscilla Ferguson, Welfare and the poor in the Nineteenth Century City: Philadelphia 1800-1854. Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1985.
Clement, Priscilla Ferguson. ÒChildren and charity: Orphanages in New Orleans, 1817-1914.Ó Louisiana History 27, no.4 (Fall 1986): 337-352.
Cobb, Thomas R. R. Educational Wants of Georgia: An Address Delivered Before the Society of the Alumni of Franklin College. Athens: Reynolds & Bro, 1857.
Cochran, Thomas Everette. History of Public Schools in Florida. Lancaster, Penn.: New Era Printing Co., 1921.
The Code of the State of Georgia. Atlanta: John H. Seals, 1861.
Coleman, Peter J. Debtors and Creditors in America: Insolvency, Imprisonment for Debt, and Bankruptcy 1607-1900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975.
Coll, Blanche D. ÒThe Baltimore Society for the prevention of pauperism, 1820-1822.Ó American Historical Review 61, no.1 (October 1955): 77-87.
Constitution and By-Laws of the Female Humane Association of the City of Richmond. Richmond: Shephard & Colin, 1843.
Constitution and By-laws of the Howard Association of Charleston. Charleston: Walker & Evans, 1855.
Constitution and By-laws of the Nashville Protestant Orphan Asylum founded Feb. 1st, 1845. Nashville: W F Bang & Co, 1845.
Constitution and By-laws of the Richmond MenÕs Orphan Society incorporated in 1847. n.p., n.d.
The Constitution and By-Laws of the St. AndrewÕs Society of Baltimore. Baltimore: Wm Woody, 1825.
Constitution and B-Laws of the Society for the Relief of the Indigent Sick. Baltimore: J. F. Wiley, 1869.
Constitution and First Annual Report for the Protestant Orphan Asylum Society of Mobile. Mobile: Farrow & Dennet, 1860.
Constitution of the Baltimore Female Association for the Relief of Distressed Objects. Baltimore: Warner & Hanna, 1808.
Constitution of the Charleston Mechanic Society. Charleston: James & Williams, 1858.
Constitution of the Handelian Charitable Society. Baltimore: J. Robinson, 1817.
Constitution of the Hibernian Society. Charleston: Courier Job Press, 1868.
Constitution of the Ladies Benevolent Society of Charleston and Regulations for the Visiting Committee. Charleston: A E Miller, 1852.
Constitution of the Society for the Relief of the Indigent Sick. Baltimore: Lucas & Deaver, 1834.
The Constitutional and Additional Rules of the South-Carolina Society. Charles-Town: Peter Timothy, 1770.
Cook, Isaac Parker. Early History of Methodist Sabbath Schools in Baltimore City and Vicinity. Baltimore: Henry F. Cook, 1877.
Conway, Moncure Daniel, Free Schools in Virginia: A Plan of Education, Virtue and Thrift vs Ignorance, Vice and Poverty. Fredericksburg, Recorder Print, 1850.
Coon, Charles L. The Beginnings of Public Education in North Carolina: A Documentary History, 1790-1840. Raleigh: Edwards & Broughton, 1908.
Cooper, Thomas, and David McCord, eds. The Statutes at Large of South Carolina. 10 vols. Columbia: n.p., 1836-1841.
Coulter, E. Merton, & Albert B. Saye, A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1949.
Culver, L. Margaretta. ÒA History of the Baltimore Association for the Improvement of the Condition of the Poor.Ó M.A. diss. Johns Hopkins University, 1923.
Curti, Merle. Human Nature in American Thought : A History. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980.
Cunningham, Hugh, and Lorna Innes. Charity, Philanthropy and Reform from the 1690s to 1850. London: Macmillan, 1998.
Dain, Norman. Disordered Minds: The first century of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg, Virginia, 1766-1866. Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1971.
Davenport, F. Garvin. Cultural Life in Nashville on the Eve of the Civil War: Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941.
Deweese, Charles W. The Power of Freedom: First Baptist Church, 1829-1897. Franklin, Tenn.: Providence House, 1997.
Dix, Dorothea L. Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for the Protection and Cure of the Insane. Raleigh: Seaton Gales, 1848.
------ Memorial Soliciting Enlarged and Improved Accommodations for the Insane of the State of Tennessee. Nashville: B. R. MÕKennie, 1847.
------ A Review of the Present Condition of the State Penitentiary of Kentucky. Frankfort, Ken.: A. G. Hodges, 1846.
Downs, Susan Whitelaw and Michael W. Sherraden. ÒThe Orphan Asylum in the Nineteenth Century.Ó Social Service Review 57, no.2 (June 1983): 272-290.
Dunaway, Wilma A. The First American frontier: Transition to Capitalism in Southern Appalachia, 1700-1860. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
Easterby, J. H. History of the St AndrewÕs Society of Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston: The Society, 1929.
------ The Rules of the South Carolina Society Established at Charleston in the said Province Sept 1, 1737. Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1937.
------ The South Carolina Rice Plantation as Revealed in the Papers of Robert F. W. Allston. 2nd ed. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2004.
Eaves, Robert Wendell. ÒA History of Educational Development in Alexandria, Virginia, Prior to 1860.Ó William and Mary Quarterly Ser. 2, 16, no.2 (April 1936): 111-161.
ÒEducation in Colonial Virginia.Ó William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine 1st Ser. 6, no.2 (Oct. 1897): 71-85.
Eelman, Bruce W. ÒÕAn Educated and Intelligent People Cannot be EnslavedÕ: The Struggle for Common Schools in Antebellum Spartanburg, South Carolina.Ó History of Education Quarterly 44, no.2 (Summer 2004): 250-270.
Egerton, Douglas R. ÒTo the Tomb of the Capulets: Charles Fenton Mercer and Public Education in Virginia, 1816-1817.Ó Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 93, no.2 (April 1985): 155-174.
Facts and Hints Relative to Free Schools Addressed Particularly to the People of Albemarle. Charlottesville: James Alexander, 1849.
Fink, Arthur E. ÒChanging Philosophies and practices in North Carolina Orphanages.Ó North Carolina Historical Review 48, no.4 (October 1971): 333-358.
Finn, Margot C. The Character of Credit: Personal Debt in English Culture, 1740-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
First Annual Report of the General Superintendent of Common Schools. Raleigh: W. W. Holden, Printer to the State, 1854.
First Annual Report of the Orphan Asylum and Female Free School of Alexandria. Printed in US House of Representatives Documents, No. 65, Jan 25, 1833.
First published annual report of the resident physician of the Lunatic, Idiot and Epileptic Asylum of the State of Georgia. Milledgeville: n.p., 1845.
1st Report of the Charleston Infant School Society. Charleston: A.E. Miller, 1829.
Ford, Lacy K. Jr. The Origins Of Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Forrest, William S. Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Norfolk and Vicinity Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1853.
Forret, Jeff. ÒSlaves, Poor Whites, and the Underground Economy of the Rural Carolinas.Ó Journal of Southern History 70, no.4 (November 2004): 783-824.
Fortieth Annual and First Printed Report of the Poydras Female Asylum, together with the Medical Report of B. Stille, M.D.. New Orleans, Clark and Brisbin, 1857.
Forty Fourth Annual Report of the Poydras Female Asylum for the Relief of Widows and Orphans. New Orleans: Published at the Office of the True Witness and Sentinel, 1861.
Fourth Report of the Baltimore Manual Labor School for Indigent Boys. Baltimore: John D Toy, 1849.
Foster, Gertrude. ÒA Documentary History of Education in South Carolina.Ó Ph.D. diss. University of South Carolina, 1932.
Fraser, Walter J. ÒThe City Elite, Disorder, and the Poor Children of Pre-Revolutionary Charleston.Ó South Carolina Historical Magazine 84, no.3 (July 1983): 167-176.
Friedman, Jean. The Enclosed Garden: Women and Community in the Evangelical South, 1830-1900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
The Free School Law of the State of Alabama also a Circular of the Superintendent. Montgomery: Advertiser and Gazette Job Office, 1854.
ÒFree schools of Charleston.Ó De BowÕs Review 27, no.4 (October 1859): 485.
ÒFree School System in South Carolina.Ó Southern Quarterly Review 16, no.31 (October 1949): 31-53.
ÒThe Free School System of South Carolina.Ó Southern Quarterly Review 2, no.1 (November 1856): 125-60.
The Fundamental Rules and Regulations of the Lancastrian Institution within this city. Richmond: Ritchie, Trueheart & Du-val, 1817.
Gamble, Thomas. Bethesda, An Historical Sketch. Savannah:News Print Press, 1902.
Ginzberg, Lori D. Women and the Work of Benevolence: Morality, Politics and Class in the Nineteenth Century United States. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
Gongaware, G. V. The History of the German Friendly Society of Charleston, South Carolina. Richmond: Garrett & Massie, 1935.
Goodman, Paul. ÒThe Emergence of Homestead Exemption in the United States: Accommodation & Resistance to the Market Revolution, 1840-1880.Ó Journal of American History 80, no.2 (September 1993): 470-498.
Gordon, Beverley. Bazaars and Fair Ladies: The History of the American Fund-Raising Fair. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1998.
Gordon, Richard Lawrence. ÒThe development of LouisianaÕs public mental institutions, 1735-1940.Ó Ph.D. diss. Louisiana State University, 1979.
Governor HayneÕs Message. Columbia: A. S. Johnston, 1833.
Governor McDuffieÕs Message Number 1. n.p. 1836.
GovernorÕs Message and Annual Reports of the Public Officers of the State. Richmond: William F. Ritchie, 1850.
GovernorÕs Message and Annual Reports of the Public Officers of the State. Richmond: William F. Ritchie, 1854.
GovernorÕs Message and Annual Reports of the Public Officers of the State. Richmond: William F. Ritchie, 1855.
Green, Elna C. This business of relief: confronting poverty in a southern city, 1740-1940. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2003.
Green, Harvey. Fit for America: Health, Fitness, Sport and American Society. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986.
Griffin, C. S. The Ferment of Reform, 1830-1860. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969.
------ ÒReligious Benevolence as Social Control 1815-1860.Ó Mississippi Valley Historical Review 44, no.3 (December 1957): 423-444.
------ Their BrothersÕ Keeper: Moral Stewardship in the United States, 1800-1865. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1960.
Habersham, J. C. ÒSavannah Hospital: Clinical Report.Ó Savannah Journal of Medicine 2, no.2 (July 1859): 89-92.
Hahn, Steven, The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Handbook of Philanthropic and Social Service Agencies in Savannah and Chatham County, Georgia, February 1, 1913. Savannah: Associated Charities, 1913.
Harris, J. William. Plain Folk and Gentry in a Slave Society: White Liberty and Black Slavery in AugustaÕs Hinterlands. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press 1985.
Hartdagan, Gerald E. ÒThe Anglican Vestry in Colonial Maryland: A Study in Corporate Responsibility.Ó Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 40, nos.3 & 4 (September & December 1971): 315-335; 461-479.
Harvey, Katherine A. ÒPracticing medicine at Baltimore Almshouse.Ó Maryland Historical Magazine 74, no.3 (Fall 1979): 223-236.
Haviland, Thomas P. ÒOf Franklin, Whitefield and the Orphans.Ó Georgia Historical Quarterly 29, no.4 (December 1945): 214-215.
Heale, M. J. ÒPatterns of Benevolence: Associated Philanthropy in the Cities of New York, 1830-1860.Ó New York History 57, no.1 (January 1976): 53-79.
Henley, S. A Sermon preached at Williamsburg, May V, 1771. Williamsburg: Mess. Payne, Davies, Elmsley, & Pearch in London, 1771.
Herndon, Ruth Wallis. Unwelcome Americans: Living on the Margin in Early New England. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
History of the St. AndrewÕs Society of the City of Savannah. Savannah: Kennickell, 1950.
Holcombe, Henry. The First Fruits in a Series of Letters Philadelphia: A. Cochran, 1812.
Holt, Marilyn Irvin. The Orphan Trains: Placing Out in America. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.
Hunt, Robert E. ÒHome, Domesticity and School Reform in Antebellum AlabamaÓ The Alabama Review 49, no.4 (October 1996): 253-275.
Hutchins, Myldred Flanigan. The History of Poor Law Legislation in Georgia, 1733-1919. Atlanta: Cherokee Publishing Co, 1985.
Inscoe, John C. Mountain Masters: Slavery and the Sectional Crises in Western North Carolina. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1989.
Inscoe, John C., and Gordon B. McKinney. The Heart of Confederate Appalachia: Western North Carolina in the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
The Institution of the Boston Female Asylum, organized September 26, 1800. Boston: Russel & Cutler, 1801.
James, D. Clayton. Antebellum Natchez. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1968.
Jenkins, William Thomas. ÒAnte-bellum Macon and Bibb County, Georgia.Ó Ph.D. diss. University of Georgia, 1966.
Johnson, Christopher S. ÒPoor Relief in Antebellum Mississippi.Ó Journal of Mississippi History 49, no.1 (February 1987): 1-21.
Johnson, Guion Griffis. Antebellum North Carolina: A Social History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937.
Jones, Charles Edgeworth. Education in Georgia. Washington; Government Printing Office, 1889.
Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia. Richmond: Samuel Shepherd, 1845.
Journal of the House of Delegates of Virginia. Richmond, Samuel Shepherd, 1846.
Journal of the Proceedings of the 33rd annual convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Georgia. Macon, Ga.: Benjamin F. Green, 1855.
Kaestle, Carl F. The Evolution of an Urban School System: New York City, 1750-1850. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973.
Kaestle, Carl F. Pillars of the Republic: Common Schools and American Society, 1780-1860. New York: Hill & Wang, 1983.
Kelly, Joseph. ÔCharlestonÕs Bishop John England and American Slavery.Õ New Hibernia Review 5, no.4 (Winter 2001), 48-56.
Kiener, Cynthia A. Beyond the Household: WomenÕs Place in the Early South, 1700-1835. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998.
Klebaner, B. J., ÒPoverty and its Relief in American Thought.Ó Social Service Review 38, no.4 (December 1964): 382-399.
------ ÒPublic Poor Relief in America, 1790-1860.Ó Ph.D. diss. Columbia University, 1952.
------ ÒPublic Poor Relief in Charleston, 1800-1860.Ó South Carolina Historical Magazine 45, no.4 (December 1954): 210-220.
------ ÒSome Aspects of North Carolina Public Poor Relief, 1700-1860.Ó North Carolina Historical Review 31, no.4 (October 1954): 449-492.
Knight, Edgar W. Public Education in the South. Boston: Ginn & Co. 1922.
Knight, Edgar W. A Documentary history of Education in the South before 1860: Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950.
Kohl, Lawrence. ÒThe Concept of Social Control and the History of Jacksonian America.Ó Journal of the Early Republic 5, no.1 (Spring 1985): 21-34.
Kuykendall, John W. Southern Enterprize : The Work of National Evangelical Societies in the Antebellum South. Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1982.
Lancaster, Joseph. The British System of Education: Being a Complete Epitome of the Improvements and Inventions Practiced, To Which is Added, a Report of the Trustees of the Lancaster School at Georgetown. Georgetown, D.C.: Joseph Milligan and William Cooper, 1812.
The Laws Now in Force Which Relate to the Duties of the Overseers of the Poor Richmond: Samuel Shepherd, 1832.
Laws in Relation to the Overseers of the Poor. Richmond: Enquirer Print, 1860.
Laws of the State of Mississippi. Jackson: Silas Brown, State Printer, 1825.
Laws of the State of North Carolina. Raleigh: Thomas J Lemay, 1845.
Lebsock, Suzanne. The Free Women of Petersburg : Status and Culture in a Southern Town. New York and London: Norton, 1984.
Lee, F. D. and J. L. Agnew. Historical Record of the City of Savannah. Savannah: J. H. Estill, 1869.
Leiby, James. A History of Social Welfare and Social Work in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.
Lindsley, Philip The Cause of Education in Tennessee: An Address Delivered to the Young Gentlemen Admitted to the Degree of Bachelor of Arts at the First Commencement of the University of Nashville, October 4, 1826. Nashville: Hunt, Tardiff & Co, 1833.
Linn, Rev. C. A. The History of the German Friendly Society of Savannah, Georgia, 1837-1937. Savannah: The Society, 1937.
Lockley, Timothy James. Lines in the Sand: Race and Class in Lowcountry Georgia, 1750-1860. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001.
------ ÒThe Purpose of Public Poor Relief in Buncombe County, North Carolina, 1792-1860.Ó North Carolina Historical Review 80, no.1 (January 2003): 28-51.
------ ÒRural Poor Relief in Colonial South Carolina.Ó The Historical Journal 48, no.4 (December 2005): 955-976.
------ ÒSpheres of Influence: Working Black and White Women in Antebellum Savannah,Ó in Neither Lady nor Slave: Working women of the Old South, Susanna Delfino and Michele Gillespie, eds., (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002, 102-120.
------ ÒTrading Encounters between Non-Elite whites and African Americans in Savannah, 1790-1860.Ó Journal of Southern History 66, no.1 (February, 2000): 25-48.
Maddox, William A. The Free School idea in Virginia before the Civil War. New York: Teachers College, 1918.
Mann, Bruce. Republic of Debtors: Bankruptcy in the Age of American Independence. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 2002.
Marriages Of Chatham County, Georgia. Vol. 1, 1748-1852; Vol. 2, 1852-1877. Savannah: Georgia Historical Society, 1993.
Martineau, Harriet. Retrospect of Western Travel. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1838.
Mathews, Forrest David. ÒThe politics of education in the deep south: Georgia and Alabama, 1830-1860Ó Ph.D. diss. Columbia University, 1965.
Matthews, Jean V. Toward a New Society: American Thought and Culture, 1800-1830. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991.
Maxwell, William. An Oration on the Improvement of the People spoken before the Literary and Philosophical Society of Hampden Sydney College. Norfolk: Thomas G Broughton, 1826.
Mayes, Edward. History of Education in Mississippi. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899.
McCandless, Peter. ÔCurative Asylum, Custodial Hospital: the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum and State Hospital, 1828-1920.Õ In The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives, 1800-1965, edited by Roy Porter and David Wright, 173-192. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
------ ÒA Female Malady?: Women at the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, 1828-1915.Ó Journal of the History of Medicine 54, no.4 (October 1999): 543-571.
------ Moonlight, Magnolias and Madness: Insanity in South Carolina from the Colonial Period to the Progressive Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
McCurry, Stephanie. Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations And The Political Culture Of The Antebellum South Carolina Low Country. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
McGill, M.A. The Golden Jubilee of the Catholic Orphans of Mobile, Ala. Mobile: Graham & Delchamps, 1891.
Mechel, Richard A. ÒEducating a Ministry of Mothers: Evangelical Maternal Associations, 1825-1860.Ó Journal of the Early Republic 2, no.4 (Winter 1984): 403-423.
Melder, Keith. ÒLadies Bountiful: Organised WomenÕs Benevolence in Early Nineteenth Century America.Ó New York History 48, no.3 (July 1967): 231-54.
Mellown, Robert O. ÒThe Construction of the Alabama Insane Hospital, 1852-1861Ó Alabama Review 38, no.2 (April 1985): 83-104.
The Memorial of Sundry Citizens of the County of Halifax to the Virginia Legislature Praying for the Establishment of Free Schools in the State. Richmond: Macfarlane & Fergusson, 1854.
Meriwether, Colyer. History of Higher Education in South Carolina. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1889.
Message No. 1 of His Excellency William Aiken. Columbia: A S Johnson, 1846.
Message No. 1 of His Excellency Governor Means. Columbia: Johnson & Cavis, 1852.
Message No. 1 of His Excellency R. F. W. Allston. Columbia: T. S. Piggot, 1857.
Message of His Excellency James H. Adams. Columbia: E. H. Britton, 1855
Minutes of the Union Society, Being an Abstract of Existing Records from 1750 to 1858. Savannah: John M. Cooper, 1860.
Mobley, Johnson Bland Jr. The Ladies Benevolent Society of Columbia, South Carolina. Columbia: Piedmont Printmakers, 1993.
Muldrew, Craig. The Economy of Obligation: The Culture of Credit and Social Relations in Early Modern England. New York: St MartinÕs Press, 1998.
Murdoch, Richard K. ÒLetters And Papers Of Dr Daniel Turner: A Rhode Islander In South Georgia.Ó Georgia Historical Quarterly LIII, nos. 3 & 4 (Fall & Winter 1969): 341-393; 476-509; LIV, nos. 1 & 2 (Spring & Summer 1970): 91-122; 244-282.
Murray, Gail S. ÒPoverty and its relief in the antebellum South. Perceptions and realities in three selected cities: Charleston, Nashville, and New Orleans.Ó Ph.D. diss. Memphis State University, 1991.
------ ÒCharity Within the Bonds of race and Class : Female Benevolence in the Old South.Ó South Carolina Historical Magazine 96, no.1 (January 1995): 54-70.
Murray, John E., and Ruth Wallis Herndon. ÒMarkets for Children in Early America: A Political Economy of Pauper Apprenticeship.Ó The Journal of Economic History 62, no.2 (June 2002): 356-382.
Murray, John E. ÒFates of Orphans: Poor children in Antebellum Charleston.Ó Journal of Interdisciplinary History 33, no.4 (Spring 2003), 519Ð545
------ ÒLiteracy Acquisition in an Orphanage: A Historical-Longitudinal Case Study.Ó American Journal of Education 110, no.1 (February 2004): 172-195.
------ ÒBound by charity: The abandoned children of late eighteenth century CharlestonÓ In Down and out in Early America, edited by Billy G. Smith, 213-232. University Park, Penn.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.
Nagy, J. Emerick. ÒThe South Nashville Institute.Ó Tennessee Historical Quarterly 36, no.2 (Summer 1977): 180-196.
Nagy, J. ÒWanted: A teacher for the Nashville English School,Ó Tennessee Historical Quarterly 21, no.2 (Summer 1962): 171-185.
Nash, Gary B. ÒPoverty and Poor Relief in Pre-Revolutionary Philadelphia.Ó William and Mary Quarterly 33, no.1 (January 1976): 3-30.
Nelson, John K. A Blessed Company: Parishes, Parsons & Parishioners in Anglican Virginia, 1690-1776. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Newman, Joseph W. ÒAntebellum School Reform in the Port Cites of the Deep South.Ó In Southern Cities, Southern Schools: Public Education in the Urban South, edited by David N. Plank & Rick Ginsberg, 17-36. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Nye, Russell B. Society and Culture in America, 1830-1860. New York and London: Harper Torchbooks, 1974.
OÓGrady, John. Catholic Charities in the United States New York: Arno Press, 1971.
Oliver, Robert. ÒA crumbling fortress: The Tennessee lunatic asylum, 1837-1865.Ó Tennessee Historical Quarterly 54, no.2 (Summer 1995): 124-139.
Olivias, J. Richard. ÒÕGod helps those who help themselvesÕ: Religious explanations of poverty in colonial Massachusetts, 1630-1776.Ó In Down and out in Early America. Edited by Billy G. Smith, 262-288. University Park, Penn.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.
Ordinances of the City of Baltimore and Acts of Assembly of the State of Maryland, Relating to the Public Schools in the City of Baltimore. Baltimore: J. Lucas, 1852.
Oxley, Geoffrey W. Poor relief in England and Wales, 1601-1834. London: David & Charles, 1974.
The Past History and Present Condition of the Institution of St. PaulÕs Parish, Originally Incorporated under the Title of the Benevolent Society of the City and County of Baltimore. Baltimore: Jos. Robinson, 1860.
Patton, James. The Biography of James Patton Asheville: np, 1850.
Pease Jane H., and William H Pease. The Web of Progress: Private Values and Public Styles in Boston and Charleston, 1828-1843. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
Pease Jane H., and William H Pease. Ladies, Women and Wenches: Choice and Constraint in Antebellum Charleston and Boston. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.
Pickett, Albert J. Eight days in New-Orleans in February, 1847. Montgomery. Ala.: A. J. Pickett, 1847.
Pinckney, Henry L. An Oration Delivered at the Cathedral of St. Finbar before the St. Patrick Benevolent Society and the Irish Volunteers, on the 17th March 1832. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1832.
Pinckney, Henry Laurens. An Address delivered before the Methodist Benevolent Society, July 1835. Charleston: E. J. Van Brunt, 1835.
Pippin, Kathryn, A. ÒThe Common School Movement in the South, 1840-1860.Ó Ph.D. diss. University of North Carolina 1977.
The Plan and Objects of the Proposed Institution to be called the Church Home with Fundamental Rules for its Management and Government. Charleston: Miller and Brown, 1850.
Porter, Benjamin Faneuil. The Past and the Present: A Discourse Delivered before the Erosophic Society of the University of Alabama. Tuscaloosa: M. D. J. Slade, 1845.
Pratt, John W. An Address Delivered Before the Society of the Alumni of the University of Alabama, July 5th 1850. Tuscaloosa: M. D. J. Slade, 1850.
The Proceedings of the 66th Anniversary of the Orphan House of Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1855.
Proceedings of the 108 Anniversary of the Union Society at Bethesda April 23rd 1858. Savannah: John M. Cooper, 1858.
Proceedings of the 109th Anniversary of the Union Society at Bethesda April 25, 1859. Savannah: E J Purse, 1859.
Prochaska, F. K. Women and philanthropy in nineteenth century England. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.
Pyburn, Nita K. ÒMobile Public schools before 1860.Ó Alabama Review 11, no.3 (July 1958): 177-188.
Pyburn, Nita Katharine. The History of the Development of a Single System of Education in Florida Tallahassee: Florida State University, 1954.
Quist, John W. ÒSlaveholding Operatives of the Benevolent Empire: Bible, Tract and Sunday School Societies in Antebellum Tuscaloosa County, Alabama.Ó Journal of Southern History 62, no.3 (August 1996): 481-525.
Quist, John W. Restless visionaries: the social roots of antebellum reform in Alabama and Michigan. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.
Ravenscroft, John S. A Sermon delivered on the anniversary of the Female Benevolent Society, Raleigh, on Sunday the 25th July 1824. Raleigh: J. Gales & Sons, 1824
Reinders, Robert C. ÒNew England Influences on the Formation of Public Schools in New Orleans.Õ Journal of Southern History 30, no.2 (May 1964): 181-195.
Reisner, Edward H. The Evolution of the Common School. New York: Macmillan, 1930.
Report and Proceedings on the subject of a House of Refuge. Baltimore: Benjamin Edes, 1830.
Report of the board of Commissioners of Free Schools to the Citizens of Charleston. Charleston: Walker & Evans, 1857.
Reports of the Board of Directors and Superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane of North-Carolina. Raleigh: Holden and Wilson, Printers To The State, 1857.
Report of the General Superintendent of Common Schools for the year 1859. Raleigh: Holden & Wilson, Printers to the State, 1860.
Report of the General Superintendent of Common Schools for the year 1860. Raleigh: Holden & Wilson, Printers to the State, 1861.
Report of the President of the Howard Association of Charleston. Charleston: Walker, Evans & Co 1858.
Report of the School Commissioners. Baltimore: James Lucas, 1855.
Report of the Superintendent of Education of the State of Alabama. Montgomery: Brittan and Blue, State Printers, 1855.
Report of the Trustees of the Alms-House for Baltimore city and county, 1827. Baltimore: n.p., 1827.
Report of the Trustees of Memphis Hospital. Memphis: B. R. MÓKennie, 1847
Report of the Trustees of Memphis Hospital. Memphis: W. F. Bang & Co, 1849
Report of the Trustees of Memphis Hospital. Memphis: W. F. Bang & Co, 1851.
Report of the Trustees, Superintendent and Resident Physician of the Lunatic Asylum of the State of Georgia for the years 1858 and 1859. Milledgeville, Ga.: Federal Union, 1859.
Report of Charles C. Jones, Jr, Mayor of the City of Savannah for the year ending September 30, 1861. Savannah: John M Cooper, 1861.
Report of Edward C. Anderson, Mayor, of the City of Savannah for the year ending 31st October 1856. Savannah: Geo N Nichols, 1856.
Report of James P. Screven, Mayor, of the City of Savannah for the year ending 31st September 1857. Savannah: E J Purse, 1857.
Report of Thomas M Turner, Mayor, of the City of Savannah for the year ending 31st September 1859. Savannah: John M Cooper, 1859.
Report on Public Education by Mr [David W] Lewis of Hancock. Milledgeville, Ga.: Broughton, Nisbet & Barnes, 1860.
Report on the Free Colored Poor of the City of Charleston. Charleston: Burges & James, 1842.
Reports on the Free School System to the General Assembly of South Carolina. Columbia: A. H. Pemberton, State Printer, 1840.
Revised Constitution and By-Laws of the Raleigh Female Benevolent Society adopted July 23rd 1823. With reports of the society from its commencement. Raleigh: J. Gales & Son, 1823.
Revised Statutes of the state of North Carolina. Raleigh: Turner & Hughes, 1837.
Rocke, Emma L. ÒAn EnglishmanÕs Impressions of Alabama in 1846.Ó South Atlantic Quarterly 7, no.3 (July 1908): 223-231.
Rogers, William Warren, Robert David Ward, Leah Rawls Atkins and Wayne Flynt. Alabama: The History of a Deep South State. Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press, 1994.
Rosengarten, Theodore. Tombee: Portrait of a Cotton Planter. New York: William Morrow & Co, 1986.
Rothman, David J. The Discovery of the Asylum : Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown & Co, 1971.
Rotundo, E. Anthony. ÒBody and Soul: Changing Ideals of American Middle Class Manhood, 1770-1920.Ó Journal of Social History 16, no.4 (Summer 1983): 23-38.
Rules and Bye-Laws of the Savannah Poor-House and Hospital Society. Savannah: Philip D. Woolhopter, 1810.
Rules and Orders of the Baltimore Benevolent Society. Baltimore: Samuel Sower, 1796.
Rules and Regulations of the Richmond Female Humane Society. Richmond: n.p., c.1807.
Rules and Regulations for the Government of the Lancasterian School É.called the ÒAnderson SeminaryÓ. Richmond: Pseud, 1830.
Rules and Regulations for the Government of the Richmond Lancastrian School. Richmond: J. Warrock, 1834.
Rules and Regulations of the Female Benevolent Society of Columbia, January 20, 1824. Columbia: Christian Herald, 1834.
Rules of the Charleston Carpenters Society. Charleston: Gabriel Bouetheau, 1805.
Rules of the Fellowship Society, Established at Charles-Town, South-Carolina April 4, 1762. Charles-Town: Charles Crouch, 1769.
Rules of the Fellowship Society, Established at Charles-Town, South-Carolina April 4, 1762. Charles-Town: Robert Wells, 1774.
Rules of the German Friendly Society. Charleston: William P. Young, 1789.
Rules of the Incorporated South-Carolina Society. Charleston: Markland & MÓIver, 1795.
Russell, James M. Atlanta 1847-1890: City Building in the Old South and the New. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.
Rules of the Society for the Relief of the Widows and Orphans of the clergy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of South Carolina. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1841.
Rules of the South Carolina Society. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1842.
Rules of the Winyaw Indigo Society with a Short History of the Society. Charleston: Walker, Evans & Cogswell, 1874.
The Saint GeorgeÕs Society of Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston: Walker, Evans & Cogswell, 1898.
Salem United Baptist Association Minutes. Asheville: np, 1838.
Salley, A.S. Jr. ed. Minutes of the Vestry of St. HelenaÕs Parish, South Carolina, 1726-1812. Columbia: State Press 1919.
Scott, Anne F. Natural Allies : WomenÕs Associations in American History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981.
The Savannah Benevolent Association. Savannah: The Morning News Print, 1896.
Second Annual Report of the Dorcas Benevolent Society of West Baltimore Station, March 1842. Baltimore: Richard J. Matchett, 1842.
The Second Annual Report of the Rector and Managers of the Church Home. Baltimore: Joseph Robinson, 1857.
Second Annual Report of the Union Protestant Infirmary of the City of Baltimore. Baltimore: W. M. Innes, 1857.
Sellers, Charles. The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Sermon and Reports at the Second Anniversary Celebration of the Church Home. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1852.
Sermon and Reports at the Fourth Anniversary Celebration of the Church Home. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1854.
Sermon and Reports at the Fifth Anniversary Celebration of the Church Home. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1855.
Sermon and Reports at the Sixth Anniversary Celebration of the Church Home. Charleston: A. E. Miller 1856.
Sermon and Reports at the Seventh Anniversary Celebration of the Church Home. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1857.
Sermon and Reports at the Eighth Anniversary Celebration of the Church Home. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1858.
Sermons on Various Subjects by the Late Henry Kollock D.D. Savannah: S. C. & I. Schenck, 1822.
Services and Addresses at the Opening of the Church Home April 15, 1851. Charleston: A. E. Miller, 1851.
Seventh Annual Report of the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind in Macon, Jan 1858. Milledgeville, Ga.: Federal Union, 1858.
Sheller, Tina H. ÒThe origins of public education in Baltimore, 1825-1829.Ó History of Education Quarterly 22, no.1 (Spring 1982): 23-44.
Shoemaker, Edward. ÒStrangers and Citizens: The Irish Community of Savannah, 1837-1861.Ó Ph.D. diss. Emory University, 1990.
Siler, William H. ÒThe Anglican Parish Vestry in Colonial Virginia.Ó Journal of Southern History 22, no.3 (August 1956), 310-337
Sixth Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the Savannah Port Society. Savannah: Edward J. Purse, 1849
Sixth Annual Report of the Commissioners for the Georgia Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Cave Spring, Ga, July 1, 1855 Macon: Benjamin F Griffin, 1855
Slack, Paul. The English Poor Law, 1531-1782. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Smith, Billy G. ÒPoverty and economic marginality in eighteenth century America.Ó Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 132, no.1 (March 1988): 85-118.
Soltow, Lee, and Edward Stevens. The Rise of Literacy and the Common School in the United States. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Sondley, F. A. Asheville and Buncombe County. Asheville: The Citizen Company, 1922.
Sondley, F. A. A History of Buncombe County, North Carolina. Asheville: Advocate Printing Co. 1930.
The South Carolina Society for the Advancement of Learning: Report on the State of Free Schools Columbia: Telescope Office, 1835.
The Southern Reader or ChildÕs Second Reading Book. Charleston: Wm R. Babcock and MÕCarter & Co, 1841
Speech of Mr. Stiles of Chatham on the Subject of Common-School Education. Milledgeville: Broughton, Nisbet & Barnes, 1856.
Stacey, Christopher L. ÒThe Political culture of slavery and Public Poor Relief in the Antebellum South.Ó Journal of Mississippi History 63, no.2 (July 2001): 129-145.
Stansell, Christine. City of women: Sex and class in New York, 1789-1860. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.
The State Records of North Carolina, v24. Laws 1777-1788. Wilmington, N.C.: Colonial Records Project, 1994.
Steffen, Charles G. ÒChanges in the Organisation of Artisan Production in Baltimore, 1790 to 1820.Ó The William and Mary Quarterly 3rd Ser. 36, no.1 (January 1979): 101-117.
------ The Mechanics of Baltimore : Workers and Politics in the Age of Revolution. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1984.
Stiles, William H. An address before the Alpha Pi Delta Society of the Cherokee Baptist College, delivered at the commencement on the 14th July 1858. Savannah: George P. Nichols, 1858.
Stokes, Melvyn and Stephen Conway. The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political and Religious Expressions. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.
Sunley, Emil McKee. The Kentucky poor law 1792-1936. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942.
ÒSystem of Common Schools.Ó Southern Quarterly Review 6, no.12 (October 1844): 453-482.
Tenth Report of the Directors of the Baltimore Manual Labor School for Indigent Boys. Baltimore: John W. Woods, 1855.
The Third Annual Report of the Orphans Home, Corner of Constance and Fourth Streets, Fourth District. New Orleans: Daily Delta Steam Press Print, 1856.
Third Annual Report of the Trustees of the Georgia Academy for the Blind in Macon, Jan 1855. Milledgeville, Ga.: State Printers, 1855.
31st Annual Report of the Board of Commissioners of Public Schools to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore. Baltimore: Bull & Tuttle, 1860.
Thornwell, Dr James Henley. Letter to Governor Manning on Public Instruction in South Carolina. Charleston: News and Courier Book Press, 1885, orig. pub. 1853.
Toomer, Joshua W. Oration at the First Centennial Celebration of the South Carolina Society, 1837. Charleston: A.E.Miller, 1837.
Townsend, Camilla. Tales of Two Cities-Race and Economic Culture in Early Republican North and South America : Guayaquil, Ecuador, and Baltimore, Maryland. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000.
Trescott, Wm. H. ÒThe StatesÕ Duties in regard to Popular Education.Ó DebowÕs Review 20, no.2. (February 1856): 143-156.
Tripp, Steven Elliott. Yankee Town, Southern City: Race and Class Relations in Civil War Lynchburg. New York: New York University Press, 1997.
Truedly, Mary B. ÒThe Benevolent Fair: A Study of Charitable Organisation Among Women in the First Third of the Nineteenth Century.Ó Social Service Review 14, no.3 (September 1940): 504-522.
Turnbull, L. Minerva. ÒEarly Public Schools in Norfolk and its vicinity.Ó William and Mary Quarterly 2nd ser. 12, no.1 (January 1932): 4-9.
Twelfth Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the Charleston Port Society. Charleston: Observer Office, 1835.
12th Annual Report of the school commissioners of Baltimore County. Baltimore: J.W.B., 1862.
Varon, Elizabeth R. We Mean To Be Counted : White Women and Politics in Antebellum Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
Vassar, Rena L. A social history of American education. V.1: Colonial Times to 1860. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1965.
Vinovskis, Maris A. ÒTrends in Massachusetts Education, 1826-1860.Ó History of Education Quarterly 12, no.4 (Winter 1972): 501-529.
Vogt, Daniel C. ÒPoor Relief in Frontier Mississippi, 1798-1832.Ó Journal of Mississippi History 51, no.2 (August 1989): 181-199.
Walters, Ronald G. American Reformers, 1815-1860. New York: Hill and Wang, 1997.
Waterhouse, Richard. ÒThe Responsible Gentry of Colonial South Carolina: A Study in Local Government, 1670-1770.Ó In Town and County: Essays on the Structure of Local Government in the American colonies, edited by Bruce C. Daniels, 166-174. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1978.
Watkinson, James D. ÒÕFit Objects for CharityÕ: Community, Race, Faith and Welfare in Antebellum Lancaster County, Virginia, 1817-1860.Ó Journal of the Early Republic 21, no.1 (Spring 2001):41-70.
------ ÒReluctant Scholars: Apprentices and the Petersburg Virginia Benevolent MechanicsÕ Association School.Ó History Of Education Quarterly 36, no.4 (Winter 1996): 429-448.
------ ÒRogues, Vagabonds and Fit Objects: The Treatment of the Poor in Antebellum Virginia.Ó Virginia Cavalcade, 49, no.1 (Winter 2000), 17-29.
Watson, Alan D. ÒOrphanage in Colonial North Carolina: Edgecombe County as a Case Study.Ó North Carolina Historical Review 52, no.2 (April 1975): 105-119.
------ ÒPublic Poor Relief in Colonial North Carolina.Ó North Carolina Historical Review 54, no.4 (October 1977): 347-366.
Watson, Harry L. ÒSlavery and Development in a Dual Economy: The South and the Market Revolution.Ó In The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political and Religious Expressions edited by Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway, 43-62. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.
Weaver, Bill L. ÒEstablishment and Organisation of the Alabama Insane Hospital 1846-1861Ó Alabama Review 48, no.3 (July 1995): 219-232.
Wells, Jonathan Daniel. The Origins of the Southern Middle Class, 1800-1861. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
Welter, Barbara. ÒThe Cult of True Womanhood, 1800-1860.Ó American Quarterly 18, no.2, pt.1 (Summer 1966): 151-174.
Weston, N. ÒThe evolution of mental health in antebellum Louisiana.Ó Louisiana History 40, no.3 (Summer 1999): 305-326.
Wheeler, Mary Bray, & Genon Hickerson Neblett. Chosen Exile: The Life and Times of Synthia Sexton Middleton Rutledge, American Cultural Pioneer. Gadsden, Ala.: Rutledge, 1980.
Whorton, James. Crusaders for Fitness: The History of American Health Reformers. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.
White, George. Historical Collections Of Georgia. New York: Pudney & Russel, 1854.
Whitefield, George. Journals. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1960.
Wiberley, Stephen Edward Jr. ÒFour Cities: Public Poor Relief in Urban America, 1700-1775.Ó Ph.D. diss. Yale University, 1975.
Wisner, Elizabeth. Public Welfare Administration in Louisiana. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930.
Wisner, Elizabeth. Social Welfare in the South: From Colonial Times to World War I. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970.
Wulf, Karin. ÒGender and the Political Economy of Poor Relief in Colonial Philadelphia.Ó In Down and Out in Early America, edited by Billy G. Smith, 163-188. University Park, Penn., The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.
Wood, Gordon S. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992.
Yates, William B. An Historical Sketch of the Rise and Progress of Religious and Moral Improvements Among Seamen, with a History of the Port Society of Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston: A. J. Burke, 1851.