Caccia, el

Ref: Captured by the Genoese and tells them about the weak points of a tower: 16 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 164.

 

Cacetti, Matteo di Domenico, da Castelfranco

Ref: Recommendation of the faccenda that C has before the officials of the Pupilli: Lorenzo de’ Medici to P Dovizi and Giovanni Antonio d’Arezzo, 28 Oct 1486, Lettere, IX, 438.

 

Caetani, Giordano (Gaetani) d. c. 1493

Career: Brother of Onorato Caetani, count of Fondi (d 1477); uncle of Nicola Caetani. Archbishop of Capua, 1447-c 1493.

Refs: One of the Neapolitan ambassadors sent to congratulate Innocent on his election: 26 Sept 1484, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 143. Entered Rome as part of the Neapolitan embassy: 18 Nov 1484, C Strozz, 3 ser, 133, 126.

 

Caetani, Giovan Paolo (Gaetani)

Ref: Nominated as one of the Orsini raccomandati in the Orsini condotta: 2 Nov 1485, Dieci, Delib, 30, 116.

 

Caetani, Nicola (Cola Gaetani/Gaetano) c. 1440-1494

Career: Son of Onorato Caetani, count of Fondi (d 1477), and Caterina Orsini; m Eleonora, daughter of Napoleone Orsini of Bracciano and sister of Virginio Orsini. After gaining early military experience with both Venice and Milan, he saw action at Otranto in 1481 and sided with the Colonna against his Orsini kinsmen during the War of Ferrara.

Refs: Expected in Alfonso d’Aragona’s camp; is said to have agreed a condotta of forty men-at-arms and 500 ducats for personal a provisione; will serve with the stato only if Sixtus does not agree to his entering Alfonso’s service: F Ricci to G G Sforza, ?May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 240. News from Rome that C has signed a condotta with Sixtus; but news from Naples suggests not: F Ricci to G G Sforza, 8 May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 239. Has not signed with Naples: F Ricci to G G Sforza, 22 May 1482, ASMi, cit. C has done all that could be asked of him; because of what he has done, he could not be more hated by Sixtus and Riario; he went to Sermoneta about three days ago to put it in order; Alfonso asks Ferrante for ‘ quillo supplemento’ for C: Alfonso d’Aragona from the camp at Civita Lavinia to Ferrante, 11 Aug 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 240. Commander of two Neapolitan squadrons; is to hold Sermoneta with forty men-at-arms: [G Brognolo?] at Naples to F Gonzaga, 24 Aug 1482, ASMa, AG, 806. With Alfonso d’Aragona’s forces; billeted at Monte S Giovanni: G F Cagnola to G G Sforza, 11 Nov 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241.

Bibliog: DBI, 16, 195-7

 

Caetani, Onorato (Onorato Gaetano d’Aragona)

Career: Count of Fondi. Neapolitan royal councillor who remained loyal to Ferrante during the Barons’ War.

Refs: Count of Fondi, signatory to the league between Sixtus, Naples, Milan and Florence, 13 Mar 1480: Lettere, V, 289.

 

Cagnola, Giovan Andrea (Cazola) c. 1433-1508

Career: Milanese lawyer, administrator and diplomat who undertook missions to Rome (1469 and 1472-3), Naples (1470), France (1478) and Venice (1494-5). Consigliere segreto in 1480.

Refs: The dukes ordered C to return from France, but with news of the papal/Venetian league they have now said that he should stay for a while because of the possibility of Venetian and papal representatives spreading malicious reports about the League between Milan, Naples and Florence: Bona and G G Sforza to F Sacramoro, 10 May 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 299. Pier Filippo Pandolfini told Bona Sforza what Lorenzo wrote about C, who was in France and was felt at Milan to be ‘tutto del Re’; he had even been imprisoned for a year by Galeazzo Maria Sforza; she will reply tonight or tomorrow: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 18 May 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 210-11. On C, who Ferrante wants as Milanese orator at Naples, Bona has replied that he is in France at the moment but if, on his return, Ferrante is not satisfied with Marco Trotti, she will see about changing them around: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 22 May 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 215-16. ‘Ioanne Antonio Cagnola’ was one of the Milanese signatories of the peace of Bagnolo, 7 Aug 1484: Lettere, VII, 515. Sent by Ludovico Sforza as a member of the ducal council to talk to Bernardo Rucellai regarding the business of Girolamo Riario; C takes the same line as Ludovico: 26 Nov 1484, MAP, 48, 265. Ludovico summoned C to be present when he justifies Milanese policy to Rucellai: 30 Dec 1484, MAP, 48, 278. Much used by the Sforza in government: 4 Jan 1485, MAP, 50, 17. He and Giovan Antonio Talenti reported to Rucellai on Ludovico’s view of Genoa: 7 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 58. Urges on Rucellai the necessity of a truce between Florence and Genoa: 10 Mar 1485, MAP, 48, 295. C as the Milanese ambassador to Venice to congratulate the new doge: 14 Jan 1486, Dieci, Miss, 6, 9-10.

Bibliog: Cerioni, I, 150

 

Cagnola, Giovan Francesco (Cazola)

Refs: Scriptor and chancellor of the deceased Francesco Ricci, has written to Branda Castiglioni that Alfonso d’Aragona wants him to stay in the camp until Milan sends a replacement for Ricci; Castiglioni thinks C is ‘assay prudente, et discreto, secundo el suo scrivere’: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 8 Aug 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 240. Has decided not to follow Alfonso unless he has further instructions from Milan: G F Cagnola to G G Sforza, 5 Oct 1482, ASMi, cit. Milan approves Castiglioni’s instructions to C to stay with Alfonso, but he can leave when Francesco Tranchedini arrives: G G Sforza to B Castiglioni, 12 Oct 1482, ASMi, cit. Leaves tomorrow with Francesco Gaddi for Alfonso’s camp: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 3 Nov 1482, ASMi, cit.

 

Cagnola, Luigi

Ref: The treasurer of Ludovico Sforza to whom the matter of 4,000 ducats was entrusted: 5 Apr 1486, MAP, 48, 345.

 

Calabria, duchess of, see Sforza, Ippolita Maria

 

Calabria, duke of, see Aragona, Alfonso d’

 

Calaccini, Giovanni

Ref: Francesco Contughi and ‘ maestro Giovan Battista’, conspirators in the Contughi plot, sleep in his house in Siena: 15 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 397.

 

Calcagni, Niccolò

Ref: Has arrived in Milan and will be going to Rome: 22 Sept 1484, MAP, 48, 51.

 

Calcagnini, Teofilo di Francesco 1441-1488

Ref: Lorenzo’s dealings with C, the former favourite of Duke Borso d’Este of Ferrara, regarding a jockey: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, [28 May 1481], Lettere, V, 217-18.

Bibliog: DBI, 16, 503-5

 

Calco, Bartolomeo di Giovanni 1434-1508

Career: Milanese secretary for foreign affairs who mediated between Bona and Ludovico Sforza in 1480-1 and was particularly important during the period of Ludovico’ s dominance.

Refs: C was the senior of the three secretaries of state; the other two are being dropped and, since C ‘pare loro persona fredda’, they are putting him with Cristoforo da Cambino: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 8 Apr 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 176-9. C does not want Cristofano as his adjutant: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 18 Apr 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 184. After reporting that Piero da Landriano has been sacked and is being sent as commissary to Pavia, Pier Filippo Pandolfini suggests ‘they’ may also try to get rid of C: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 15 June 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 240. Lorenzo’s expression of support for the family of the lately deceased humanist Francesco Filelfo: Lorenzo de’ Medici to B Calco in Milan, 4 Sept 1481, Lettere, VI, 48-50. Pandolfini asks C to intervene to persuade Ludovico Sforza to continue helping Florence to attack Pietrasanta: 16 Oct 1484, ASMi, SPE, Firenze. A further letter of Pandolfini urges C to make sure that Ludovico understands why the Florentines cannot delay any longer sending ambassadors to Rome: 30 Oct 1484, ASMi, SPE, Firenze. Assurance that the monastery of Casoletto will not be taxed more highly than in previous years: F Gaddi to B Calco, 6 Nov 1484, ASMi, SPE, Firenze. C sees Bernardo Rucellai on behalf of Ludovico to put Sforza’s view regarding Girolamo Riario: 26 Nov 1484, MAP, 48, 265. Was present during discussions between Ludovico Sforza and Rucellai: 14 Dec 1484, MAP, 48, 274. Ludovico summoned him to be present when he justified Milanese policy to Rucellai: 30 Dec 1484, MAP, 48, 278. Lorenzo has asked Niccolò Michelozzi to talk to C on his behalf: Lorenzo de’ Medici to B Calco in Milan, 2 Jan 1485, Lettere, VIII, 102-3. Much used by the Sforza in government: 4 Jan 1485, MAP, 50, 17. Witnesses the secret treaty between Milan and Venice: 26 Feb 1485, Libri commemoriali, V, 295. Present at the meeting between Ludovico Sforza and Jacopo Guicciardini regarding Roberto di Sanseverino: 8 June 1486, MAP, 48, 350. On Ludovico’s orders C told Guicciardini of the reprisals granted to Giovanni di Biolco: 30 June 1486, MAP, 39, 525. Urges Niccolò Pontini to make sure that J Guicciardini visits Ludovico: 26 Aug 1486, MAP, 48, 351.

Bibliog: DBI, 16, 526-30

 

Calderini, Antonio di Giuliano (1445-1494)

Career: Humanist who assisted Lionetto de’ Rossi in the Lyon branch of the Medici bank and, after his return to Italy in 1484, served as secretary to Cardinal Marco Barbo.

Ref: Appointed as abbot of Fontdouce by the commendatory, Giovanni de’ Medici, in 1483: Not Antecos, B 2321, 112; Lettere, VII, 179.

Bibliog: DBI, 16, 592-4

 

Caldora, Berlingherio d. c. 1500

Ref: Signatory to the baronial league of l’Aquedonia: 11 Sept 1486, Sig, X, VIII, 77, 235.

 

Caldora, Giovanni Antonio d. c. 1500

Career: A condottiere who saw action for Naples in Tuscany in 1448, and fought for the Angevins against the Aragonese in Naples a decade later. From 1467 he served Venice in various campaigns, including against Ferrara in 1482, but went over to the Church in 1483.

Refs: Like Deifobo dell’Anguillara and Bernardino Fortebracci, C is open to offers from the League: Otto to B Rucellai, 15 June 1482, Min, 12, 325. With Carlo da Pian di Meleto, C has left Forlì to meet Girolamo Riario in Perugia: Dieci to B Gianfigliazzi, 11 Oct 1482, Dieci, LC, 5, 80-2. Was at Ravenna with three squadrons; fled from the Venetian camp to the Ferrarese: 26 Aug 1483, Caleffini, 122-3. Had been negotiating with Alfonso d’A ragona for some days and had gone to Forlì; Alfonso has urged C’s son Berengario to leave Roberto di Sanseverino and go to a place of safety: Alfonso d’Aragona to G G Sforza, 27 Aug 1483, Pontano, 168-71. Alfonso wants one of C’s squadrons to go to the Ferrarese: E d’Este to Antonio da Montecatini, 2 Sept 1483, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Has returned from seeing Roberto di Sanseverino, reporting that the Venetians think peace is as good as made: Z Saggi to Federico Gonzaga, 7 May 1484, ASMa, AG, 1628. His son [Berengario?] fled to the Venetians: 2 July 1484, Caleffini, 166.

 

Caldora, Jacopo [?], count of Trivento

Ref: Commander of the Neapolitan fleet off Tuscany; offers his service to Florence and Lorenzo: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 12 Aug 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3.

 

Caldora, Raimondo

Ref: Signatory to the baronial league of l’Aquedonia: 11 Sept 1486, Sig, X, VIII, 77, 235.

 

Calimaco, Domenico

Ref: Writes to Lorenzo regarding cameos: 5 May 1485, MAP, 26, 361.

 

Callio, Arcangelo de

Refs: Capo di squadra of A Fregoso: 4 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 25. Has given his letter for Venice to Giovan Jacopo, who will go there with Guido: A de Callio at Ravenna to A Fregoso, 9 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 76.

 

Camaiani, Nofri d’Antonio (of Arezzo)

Refs: Chancellor of Antonio da Marsciano; Florence wants Venice to restore his goods, which were confiscated with those of Antonio da Marsciano when the latter entered Florentine service: Otto to P F Pandolfini, 7 Aug 1484, Otto, Miss, 3, 85. Procurator of Ranuccio and Lamberto da Marsciano, ratifying their condotta: 5 Jan 1485, Dieci, Delib, 27, 125-6. Ser Nanni, a balestriere, claims to be a creditor of Ranuccio and Lamberto di Antonio da Marsciano; if he is, Lorenzo wants C to help his case: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 18 Apr 1485, Lettere, VIII, 166.

 

Cambi, Giovanni di Bernardo d. 1497

Career: His business connections with Lorenzo included negotiating an iron ore deal with Jacopo d’Appiano on his behalf in June 1484. Executed with Bernardo del Nero and others for supposedly conspiring for restoration of the Medici.

Ref: A financial agent of Lorenzo involved in payments to a certain Raffaello in Rome: 9 Mar 1486, MAP, 51, 296.

 

Cambi, Neri di Stefano 1421-1508

Career: After nearly drowning off the coast of Romania in 1444, C was disillusioned about the sea and turned his hand to politics. Filled all the minor posts in Florentine government, culminating in that of Gonfalonier of Justice. General member of the Balia for S Maria Novella, 1471. Sea consul, Mar 1480-Mar 1481.

Ref: The fortress of Sarzanello is not as strong as it may look: N Cambi at Sarzanello to the Otto, 29 May 1482, Otto, Resp, 2, 362.

Bibliog: Ammirato, Famiglie nobili fiorentine

 

Cambini, Andrea d’Antonio c. 1455/60-1527

Career: Pupil of C Landino, whose Disputationes Camuldulenses Cambini translated into Italian. In contact with M Ficino, who praised him in one of his letters. Translated the De Senectute of Cicero and dedicated it to Lorenzo di Bernardo de’ Medici, and the De Amicitia, which he dedicated to Antonio de’ Medici. Confidential agent of Lorenzo accredited to Ercole d’Este in 1482-3. While in Ferrara he was commissioned by the Este to translate Biondo’s Decades, which he completed c 1491. Prior, 1485/6. Sent on a secret mission to Siena, 1486. Procurator of Cardinal Giovanni de’ Medici, for whom he administered the abbey of Montecassino in 1488. Mission to Bologna, 1489. From 1490 to 1494 he was continuously in the service of Cardinal Giovanni as administrator and was wounded while trying to protect him from a mob in 1494. One of the warmest supporters of Savonarola, his house was sacked in the 1498 riots. 1480 Catasto: Drago; sostanze 588 fl.

Refs: One of Lorenzo’s men, being sent to Ferrara with money for provisioni: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 14 Dec 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Is being sent by the Dieci with money to pay infantry: Dieci to B Gianfigliazzi, 16 Jan 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 106-7. Is not very confident that the diet of Cremona will be effective: A Cambini in Ferrara to D Pucci, 18 Feb 1483, Dieci, Resp, 26, 96. Is going to Argenta to pay the marchese del Monte and see about Pasqua; has ordered Prospero da Canale to Argenta from the Romagna: A Cambini to D Pucci, 20 Feb 1483, Dieci, Resp, 26, 101. Is returning to Florence from Ferrara; will report to Lorenzo: J Guicciardini in Ferrara to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 6 May 1483, MAP, 38, 298. Should be in Ferrara soon with money for provisioni: Dieci to J Guicciardini, 13 May 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 224-5. Has written to Florence asking for money to ensure that Nicola Orsini can move: J Guicciardini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 26 May 1483, MAP, 48, 304. Ordered by Alfonso d’Aragona to write to Lorenzo about the anxiety of the League leaders at the possible loss of Costanzo Sforza: E d’Este to Antonio da Montecatini, 9 June 1483, ASMo, cit. Told Jacopo Guicciardini that Giovanni Pontano says Virginio Orsini has settled matters with the papacy: J Guicciardini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 9 July 1483, MAP, 48, 328. Is dealing with payment of the Florentine infantry at Ferrara: Dieci to P Alamanni in Ferrara, 24 Sept 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 259. The Dieci approve his scheme for Florentine provvisionati at Ferrara: Dieci to P Alamanni, 6 Oct 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 260-1. Has been elected commissioner; has gone to Pisa to hold a mostra of Antonio da Marsciano’s troops and to send him to Lombardy: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’E ste, 23 May 1484, ASMo, cit. Is to try to reconcile the marchesi of Massa on his way back to Florence: Otto to B Buongirolami, 2 June 1484, Otto, LC, 3, 67-8. Sent as commissioner to accompany Antonio da Marsciano into Florentine territory, after which he is to visit the marchesi of Massa and try to ‘ riunirli insieme’: 2 June 1484, Otto, Miss, 3, 67-8. Commissioner during the Lunigiana campaign: 15 Sept 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 165. Elected mandatory and commissioner to Siena for fifteen days: 16 Mar 1486, Dieci, Delib, 24, 163. Sent by the Otto to talk to the Sienese Balia regarding damage suffered from the League’s troops: 18 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 143. Instructions from the Dieci for his mission to Siena: 24 Apr 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 1. Stationed in Siena, he is to liaise with Zanino di Galeata and his company and accompany them to Pitigliano: 15 June 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 9. The Dieci are displeased to hear of the dispute between Montepulciano and C in Siena: 16 June 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 57-7. Pay for his servizio is to be sent to him by Carlo Cambini, to whom Dieci have given the cash: 20 July 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 21.

Bibliog: DBI, 17, 132-4.

 

Cambini, Carlo

Ref: The Dieci give him cash to send to Andrea Cambini for his servizio: 20 July 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 21.

 

Cambini, Francesco di Lorenzo

Refs: The affairs of the dogana are such that only C can sort them out; only he has the experience to deal with these merchants and to untangle all the laws Florence has passed: S della Stufa at Pisa to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 13 Sept 1481, MAP, 38, 322. Commissioner in Pisa: 25 Oct 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 351. The Dieci instruct C to take all the salnitri arriving ‘per conto de’ Medici’ on Galceran de Requesens’ galleys, and start to make gunpowder: 10 Nov 1484, Dieci, Miss, 21, 129. Doganiere of Pisa, but for the last two years he has deputed the job to one of his sons and to Pietro Paolo de’ Medici: 22 Mar 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 531. Instructed to help Francesco Gaddi load up money and victuals to be sent to the camp via Siena: Dieci to F Cambini, 15 June 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 9-10. Will be used to hand over a bombard at Pisa to A Giacomini, who will take it by ship to Palo: 31 July 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 77.

 

Cambini, Francesco di Niccolò c. 1421-1481

Career: As a merchant he was involved in trade with Spain. Took over from his father as head of the Cambini bank, which collapsed soon after C’s death in 1481. Camerlengo generale e delle gabelle of Pisa, Oct 1450-Apr 1451. Commissary in Pisa, 1457. General member for S Giovanni in the Balia, 1471. 1480 Catasto: Leon d’Oro; declared, with his brother Bernardo, sostanze 2,801 fl.

 

Campofregoso, see Fregoso

 

Camponeschi, Pietro

Career: Conte di Montorio; the most powerful noble in l’Aquila.

Refs: Negotiations for the marriage of his daughter to the son of Antonello Petrucci have broken down: 8 Apr 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 230. The barons demand his release and the restoration of his estates: 13 Sept 1485, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 98.

 

Campoys, Jean d. 1492

Career: Bishop of Turin, 1468-82; bishop of Geneva, 1482-4; bishop of Tarantaise, 1484-92.

Refs: A Piedmontese appointed by the College of Cardinals as commissioner over the men-at-arms during the conclave: Dieci, Resp, 32, 36, 15 Aug 1484. Goes with Girolamo Riario with men-at-arms: MAP, 39, 555, 25 Aug 1484.

 

Canale, Prospero del

Refs: Has been taken into Florentine infantry service with 150 paghe: Otto to B Pucci at Città di Castello, 27 June 1482, Otto, Miss int, 3, 99-100. One of the Florentine infantry constables who left for Ferrara: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 20 Nov 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Is in the Romagna; to be paid there: Dieci to B Gianfigliazzi, 16 Feb 1483, ------. Has been disobedient [in refusing to go to Argenta?]; the Dieci express regret: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 28 Feb 1483, ASMo, cit. Is playing up a bit: Dieci to J Guicciardini, 20 Apr 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 217-18. Asked for release because of the affairs of Todi; the Dieci refused because they feel he is needed at Ferrara and are opposed to starting any new imprese: Dieci to P F Pandolfini, 1 May 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 154.

 

Canigiani, Antonio di Giovanni b. c. 1429

Career: Captain of Pisa, Mar-Sept 1475. Captain of the new citadel at Pisa, May 1475-May 1476. Monte official, Mar 1481-Mar 1482. Master of the Zecca, Sept 1481-Mar 1482. Ambassador to France after the death of Louis XI, 1483. One of the six ambassadors sent to congratulate Innocent, 1484. Podestà of Pisa, Oct 1484-Apr 1485. One of the leaders of the Piagnoni, 1494-8. Francesco Valori tried to ensure his succession as Gonfalonier of Justice in Mar 1497, but this united the opposition against the popular party. Commissary with the army at Cascia in Sept 1499. 1480 Catasto: Scala; sostanze 4,376 fl.

Refs: Ordered to return home now their mission has been executed: Otto to G Becchi, A Canigiani and Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de’ Medici in France, 3 Jan 1484, Otto, LC, 4, 1-2. His arrival in Florence from Pisa shows that the departure of the Florentine embassy is imminent: 19 Nov 1484, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 307. One of the six ambassadors sent to Rome: 22 Nov 1484, Sig, LC[?], 21, 52.

 

Canigiani, Giovanni d’Antonio di Jacopo

Career: Captain of Livorno, Dec 1446-Apr 1447. Camerlengo generale of Pisa, Oct 1460-Apr 1461. Accoppiatore, 1471. An original deputy from S Spirto in the Balia, 1471. Ambassador in Naples, Mar 1474-Feb 1475.

 

Canigiani, Niccolò

Ref: Among those to whom Lorenzo wrote on behalf of Luigi Tornabuoni and his claim to the Hospitaller preceptory of S Jacopo in Campo Corbolini: Prot, 122; Lettere, V, 75.

 

Canonici, Battista de’

Career: Bishop of Faenza, 1478-1510.

Ref: One of the many witnesses to the treaty signed between Sixtus and the League, 12 Dec 1482: Lettere, VII, 498.

 

Canugli, Belviso

Ref: Party leader in Genoese territory who backs the exiles’ attempt to return: 19 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 199.

 

Capacci, Andrea

Refs: One of the members of the Monte del Popolo recalled from exile to Siena after the rising of 7 June: Signoria of Siena to the Sienese ambassadors in Rome, 7 June 1482, ASS, Conc, 1695, 103. One of the guarantors of a safeconduct for Paolo Salviati to appear before the Balia: 14 Sept 1482, Balia of Siena, 403, 41.

 

Capacci, Benuccio (Capaccio)

Refs: Recommended for the ‘ causa’ he has in Florence: Balia of Siena to the Dieci and to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 24 July 1483, ASS, Balia, 404, 148. Elected Sienese ambassador to Naples: 6 Aug 1483, ASS, Balia, 30, 7. Is to go with Andreoccio Ghinucci to Sixtus, and then go on to Naples: 13 Oct 1483, ASS, Balia, 404, 226-7.

 

Capacci, Conte (Capaccio)

Refs: Recalled to Siena from exile after the rising of 7 June: Signoria of Siena to the Sienese ambassadors in Rome, 7 June 1482, ASS, Conc, 1695, 103. Is to see that Florentine troops leave Sienese territory and do not cause any damage: 25 Aug 1483, ASS, Balia, 30, 21.

 

Capacci, Salimbene (Capaccio)

Refs: Recalled to Siena from exile after the rising of 7 June: Signoria of Siena to the Sienese ambassadors in Rome, 7 June 1482, ASS, Conc, 1695, 103. One of the Sienese ambassadors to Rome: 15 Sept 1484, MAP, 39, 328. Sienese ambassador to Rome: 19 Oct 1484, ASS, Conc, 2417, 59.

 

Capaccio, Lorenzo

Ref: One of the men of Campiglia who stole horses from papal territory: 22 May 1486, MAP, 39, 511.

 

Capella, Jacopo della

Ref: This priest of Pietrasanta has half the valley in pegno and Piero Vettori is very suspicious of him: 3 Mar 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 380.

 

Capello, Giovanni

Refs: Alberto Cortesi identifies C as among the Venetian patricians who were most violently disposed towards Ferrara: A Cortesi to E d’Este, 11 Dec 1480, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Venezia, 2. Insulted Cortesi, the Ferrarese ambassador in Venice: 22 Jan 1481, ASMo, cit. As a Savio del Consiglio, voted to offer Reggio and Modena to Roberto di Sanseverino as an inducement to get him moving: 15 Oct 1482, ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 129-30. Accepted the idea that Roberto should come to Venice for consultation: 7 Feb 1483, ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 165.

 

Capitaneis, Alberto de (da Acquapendente)

Refs: Recommendation of C to be judge of appeals in Siena: Lorenzo de’ Medici to the Balia of Siena, 13 Aug 1484, Lettere, VIII, 8-9. Antonio Pucci recommends him for the same job: 13 Oct 1484, ASS, Balia, 520, ins 45. Primo collaterale of the Florentine podestà, Lorenzo recommends him a second time for job of judge of appeals in Siena: Lorenzo de’ Medici to the Balia of Siena, 15 Oct 1484, Lettere, VIII, 28.

 

Cappelli, Barone

Ref: Piero Capponi wants C to ensure the Faentine men-at-arms are sent: P Capponi to B Cappelli, 8 Mar 1486, Dieci, Resp, 33, 478.

 

Cappelli, Piero

Career: Podestà of Pisa, Apr-Oct 1484.

Refs: Involved in the transport of fieno from Montepulciano: 12 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 136-7. Is still in Montepulciano: 13 May 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 25-6.

 

Capponi, Angiolino di Lorenzo 1437-1498

Career: m Fiammetta di Francesco Inghirami. Merchant in Constantinople, 1469. Podestà of Ripafatta, 1470. Between 1486 and 1493 he partnered Bernardo Vettori in a large scale sulphur project; Piero de’ Medici and Co of Pisa acted for the partners, receiving a large quantity of sulphur from the Volterra mines and disposing of it, mostly abroad. Capitain of Cortona, 1487. Prior, 1481, 1492. Podestà of Barbialle[?], 1488. 1480 Catasto: Ferze; sostanze 1,929 fl.

 

Capponi, Bernardo di Nicola

Ref: Requests help with the family’s taxes, especially the disordered case of Guglielmo Capponi: B Capponi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 3 June 1486, MAP, 39, 521.

 

Capponi, Cappone di Gino di Neri 1453-1521

Career: Inherited a reasonable fortune from his father and maintained an investing interest in the family firms. Died childless.

Ref: Involved in a financial matter for Lorenzo involving a certain Raffaello in Rome: 9 Mar 1486, MAP, 51, 296.

 

Capponi, Gino di Neri

Career: Brother of Piero and Luigi Capponi; m Maddalena Mannelli, cementing his business links with Guido and Niccolò Mannelli. Accoppiatore, 1474. Member of the second half of the Council of 70, 1480. One of the 12 Procuratori, Oct 1480-Apr 1481, Oct 1481-Apr 1482, Oct 1482-Apr 1483, Oct 1483-Apr 1484. One of the twelve ambassadors sent to Rome, Nov 1480. 1480 Catasto: Nicchio; sostanze 7,588 fl.

Ref: C’s house at Legnaia was used to lodge Cardinals Giuliano della Rovere and Jean Balue and forty of their retinue on their way from Pisa to Florence: Otto to P Minerbetti and A Niccolini, 19 Jan 1482, Min, 12, 118.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 29-31

 

Capponi, Guglielmo di Niccolò 1449-1515

Career: Commendatory of the Hospital at Altopascio from 1477; bishop of Cortona, 1505-15.

Refs: Construction of the Spedaletto, of which he seems to be supervising work: G Capponi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 23 Mar 1486, MAP, 39, 457. Asks Lorenzo to write to the bishop and patrons of the priory of Foiano on behalf of his familiar: G Capponi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 5 Aug 1486, MAP, 39, 541.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 60-2

 

Capponi, Mico di Niccolò 1445-1497

Career: m (1) Maddalena d’A ntonio di Andrea Pazzi, (2) Caterina di Bernardo Salviati. Consul of the Arte del Cambio, 1476. His company traded in Pisa, 1478-9. Vicar of Valdarno di sopra, 1481. Prior, 1487. Member of the Otto di Guardia, 1488. 1491 captain of Arezzo. Exported grain to Tunis, 1491. Captain of Pistoia, 1492. Master of the Zecca, 1493; during his term of office he minted ‘grossi di argento’ with a capon on them.

 

Capponi, Mico d’Uguccioni 1420-1504

Career: m Ludovico di Bernardo Salviati. Captain of the mountains of Pistoia, 1452. Podestà of Vinci, 1468. Camerlengo-generale of Pisa, Apr-Oct 1470. Captain of Sarzana, 1473. Member of the Otto di Guardia, 1477 and 1485. Sea consul, Mar 1479-Mar 1480, including second six months in Pisa. Prior, 1483. Podestà of Fucecchio, 1484. Podestà of Radda in Chianti, 1492.

 

Capponi, Neri di Gino di Neri 1452-1519

Career: m Violante di Francesco Sassetti. One of the richest Florentine bankers, he operated first in Pisa and later in Lyon. Accompanied Charles VIII on the Neapolitan expedition of 1494-5. For several years he was suspected of being a Medici partisan and fell from favour. In 1508 became a prior and began to plot against Piero Soderini. The latter discovered the plot, frustrated it, but did nothing to punish its authors. C took charge of the preparations for a general council at Pisa in 1510. On the restoration of the Medici, he returned to his old allegiance.

Refs: Giovanni Adorno’s complaints: G Adorno to N Capponi, 10 Feb 1485, C Strozz, 3 ser, 247, 224. With Rinaldo Altoviti C had case against one Melina, a corsale; Jacopo d’Appiano is backing their side: 18 Oct 1485, MAP, 26, 464. Suggests to Lorenzo Spinelli that together they lend René, duke of Lorraine, 40,000 ducats that he would need for his descent into Italy: 11 July 1486, MAP, 39, 532.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 75-8

 

Capponi, Niccolò di Giovanni di Mico 1416-1491

Career: m Selvaggia di Bernardo Ridolfi. An ardent Medicean. Consul of the Arte del Cambio three times. Prior, 1447. Podestà of Vicchio, 1449. Captain of Pisa, Feb-Aug 1458. Captain of Cortona, 1460. Gonfalonier of Justice, 1464. Podestà of Pistoia, 1474. Member of the first half of the Council of 70, 1480. One of the 12 Procuratori, Apr-Oct 1480. Monte official, Mar 1481-Mar 1482. Member of the Otto di Pratica, Apr-Oct 1481. Captain of Pisa, Mar-Sept 1482. Member of the Dieci di Balia, from 1483. Podestà of Pistoia, 1486. Founded a chapel in S Spirito in 1472, perhaps to clear his conscience for some of his more dubious financial fiddles. 1480 Catasto: Nicchio; sostanze 3,587 fl.

Ref: Listed among the Dieci di Balia in the capitoli of Pietrasanta, 27 Nov 1484, Lettere, VIII, 319.

 

Capponi, Nicola, see Montano, Cola

 

Capponi, Nicola di Piero di Bartolomeo 1406-1484

Career: One of the richest merchants in Florence. m Alessandra di Giovanni de’ Bardi, and had large palace in via de’ Bardi. Castellan of the fort of S Agnese in Pisa, 1438. Ambassador in Venice to seek reprisals for damage done to Florentine merchants, 1455. Orator in Milan, 1456. Sea consul, May 1456-May 1457, Jan 1466-Jan 1467. Member of the Dieci di Balia, 1458. Prior, 1462. Provveditore delle gabelle of Pisa, from Nov 1464. Received the patronage of Altopascio from Sixtus IV. 1480 Catasto: Drago; sostanze 3,671 fl.

 

Capponi, Piero di Gino 1446-1496

Career: Destined by his father for commerce, he abandoned this career and attached himself to Lorenzo. During his father’s lifetime he controlled the main branch of the family business in Florence, and remained the principal investor until his death. m Nicolosa di Luigi Guicciardini. Conductor of a Catalonia galley due to sail in Mar 1475. Captain and conductor of a galley which left for Sicily in 1476. Ambassador to Lucca at the time of the Pazzi conspiracy. Ambassador to Naples, 1482-3, charged with stirring up Alfonso d’Aragona against Sixtus. Commanded the Florentine contingent with the Neapolitan army when this policy bore fruit. Prior and member of the Otto di Guardia, 1483. Partner in the company founded by Lorenzo de’ Medici to explot the new alum mines in Campiglia, 1484. Member of the Otto di Custodia, July-Oct 1484. As commissary at Pisa and Livorno he took an active part in the war with Genoa, 1484-6. Appears to have been with Alfonso d’Aragona, Mar 1486. Captain of Cortona, 1490. Sent an alum ship to England in partnership with Neri Capponi, 1490. Podestà of Greve, 1492. Gonfalonier of Justice, 1493. With his considerable business interests in Lyon he was inevitably a leader of the French connection in Florence. Emissary to France, 1494. Accused by Philippe de Commynes of betraying the Medici. There was a report of Apr 1494 from Lyon to Piero de’ Medici that the Capponi were already plotting against him, but C himself vigorously denied such rumours. A member of the Florentine delegation to negotiate a treaty with France. At Asti to demand the restitution of Pisa. Charles VIII stopped at his villa before entering Florence. His bank in Lyon subsequently handled the indemnity and subsidy payments between Florence and the French court. One of the twenty accoppiatori, 1494. Being a man of action and not of words, he had little faith in Savonarola. Took an active and prominent part in the war with Pisa. Present at the capture of Vaiana and received great praise for his courage. Experienced great difficulty in persuading the Florentines to find money for the war, and in persuading the soldiers to fight. Finally got them to attack Soiana, where he was killed by an arquebus shot. Buried in S Spirito.

Refs: C will leave for Naples in three or four days: Otto to B Gianfigliazzi in Ferrara, 15 Mar 1482, Min, 12, 154-5. C’s commission for Naples instructed him to travel via Perugia and the Abruzzi; he was to find Alfonso d’Aragona and tell him how pleased Florence was with the plans drawn up at Urbino and also to impress on him the need for speed; at Naples he should bemoan the fact that the Sienese continue to find excuses for not carrying out the king’s wishes and persuade Ferrante to pronounce again on the restitution of the disputed territories: 22 Apr 1482, Sig, LC, 21, 39-41. Arrived in Naples yesterday: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 10 May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 239. Has been ill: Otto to P Capponi, 15 July 1482, Min, 12, 403-4. Has had a relapse; is never far from fever and has become very weak: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 9 Sept 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 240. Is much better: F Gaddi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 4 Oct 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 159-60. Recovered and went to visit Ferrante yesterday: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 4 Oct 1482, ASMi, cit. Recovered: Dieci to P Capponi, 14 Oct 1482, Dieci, LC, 5, 178-80. Will be looking after Lorenzo’s affairs when Francesco Gaddi leaves Naples for the camp: F Gaddi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 26 Oct 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 173-4. The Dieci give him permission to return to Florence: Dieci to P Capponi, 24 Mar 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 207. Begs the Dieci to let him leave Naples, complaining of the expense of his stay: P Capponi to the Dieci, 28 Mar 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 194. Left Naples today: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 21 Apr 1483, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. Has arrived in Rome, where he plans to stay for a few days: P F Pandolfini to the Dieci, 27 Apr 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 294-5. Will leave Rome tomorrow: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1 May 1483, MAP, 53, 19. 30,000 ducats have been paid by Naples to Alfonso d’Aragona via C’s bank: ambassadors of the League in Naples, 20 June 1483, ASMa, AG, 806[?].

Elected commissioner to Lucca for eight days: 7 Sept 1484, Dieci, Delib, 24, 54. Commissioner in Pisa: 10 Sept 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 141. Jacopo da Ghivizzano quizzed C regarding Florence’s response to the Luccese claim to Pietrasanta: 15 Sept 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 164. Elected general commissioner to Pisa and Livorno: 11 Dec 1484, Dieci, Delib, 24, 79. His commission for the enterprise of Portovenere: 12 Dec 1484, Dieci, Delib, 24, 82-3. General commissioner in Pisa: 2 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 5. Wants to return to Florence because his father is ill: 25 Mar 1485 [1484?], MAP, 39, 74. Recalled by the Dieci from his Pisan commission: 3 Apr 1485, Dieci, Delib, 24, 104. Commissioner with Alfonso d’Aragona, who desired that Lorenzo come to join him: P Capponi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 23 Jan 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 93-4. The Dieci elect him commissioner to Alfonso d’Aragona and the other military commanders: 21 Mar 1486, Dieci, Delib, 24, 164. C writes to Lorenzo regarding the financing of the war effort: 21 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 146-8. The Otto send Baccio Ugolini to him: 3 Apr 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 156-7. The Otto approve C’s dispatch of ser Atto with 250 provvisionati to S Fiore: 4 Apr 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 157-9. At Pitigliano: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini, 9 Apr 1486, Lettere, IX, 231. Of the pratica with Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, a matter he does not mention in his letter to the Otto: P Capponi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 13 Apr 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 173-5. Concerning the mode of dispatch of cash: P Capponi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 21 Apr 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 185-6. His friendship with Giovan Francesco di Savseverino: 15 May 1486, MAP, 39, 499. Wrote to Lorenzo regarding the Sanseverino peace proposal: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 17 May 1486, Lettere, IX, 294. Lorenzo orders C not to leave: 21 May 1486, MAP, 39, 517. Piero Vettori and C are to ensure that the Spanish ambassador’s chaplain gets through to Rome safely: 28 May 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 45. C is told by the Dieci that the conditions stipulated to him by Lorenzo should be included in the peace terms: 4 June 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 48-9. The Dieci again insist that the requirements stated by Lorenzo to C are the minimal ones for Florence to consent to peace: Dieci, Miss, 7, 50-1, 6 June 1486. His letter to Jacopo Guicciardini arrived in Milan on 7 June; it shows Roberto di Sanseverino prepared to desert Innocent: 8 June 1486, MAP, 48, 350. Francesco Gaddi has been sent to join him to help with peace negotiations: 12 June 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 9. His report to Lorenzo regarding the positive disposition of Roberto di Sanseverino: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini, 19 June 1486, Lettere, IX, 331. The three capitoli that Lorenzo tells C he must insist on before accepting the compromesso being pushed by Ascanio Sforza: 19 June 1486, MAP, 39, 524. The Dieci approve the line C takes in his letter to Lorenzo regarding the compromesso Cardinal Sforza is trying to arrange: 26 June 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 61. The Dieci have seen C’s letter of 23 June to Lorenzo; regarding the compromesso; C should make an agreement on the side, in the way he wrote to Lorenzo before agreeing to it: 27 June 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 61-3. Lorenzo has written to C regarding the Sanseverino negotiations: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini, 28 June 1486, Lettere, IX, 349-50. His discussions with Alfonso d’Aragona on behalf of Lorenzo regarding the abbeys of Della Cava and Monte Vergini for Giovanni de’Medici: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini, 10 July 1486, Lettere, IX, 369. The Dieci tell C to follow Lorenzo’s instructions: 28 Aug 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 93-5.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 88-92

 

Capponi, Tommaso

Ref: Carlo Borromei has ordered C to arrest Angelo Serragli in Florence: 10 Sept 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 18, 73.

 

Caracciolo, Antonio d. c. 1500

Career: A member of the leading Neapolitan family who began his military career fighting for the Angevin cause. Found employment with Milan on a number of occasions, but fought for Naples on the Lombard front against Venice in the War of Ferrara.

Refs: C had been to S Secondo to ensure that Guido de’ Rossi dismissed all his troops, which he did with considerable reluctance: A Caracciolo to G G Sforza, 6 Nov 1482, ASMi, SPE, 844. Antonello Petrucci asks Lorenzo to help his son Francesco get a condotta; he is using C as a middleman and wants Lorenzo to get a safeconduct for the latter from Innocent: 3 July 1486, MAP, 39, 527.

Bibliog: DBI, 17, 302-4

 

Caracciolo, Giacomo, count of Brienza d. 1499

Refs: Witnessed the league between Sixtus, Naples, Milan and Florence, 13 Mar 1480: Lettere, V, 289. Safe with Alfonso d’Aragona after Campomorto: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 22 Aug 1482, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 240. Is to command 200 Neapolitan men-at-arms being prepared for Ferrara: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 24 Feb 1483, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. Should leave Naples tomorrow: Ferrante to A Arcamone, 24 Mar 1483, ASMi, cit. Has not yet left Naples, although his squadron has been ‘expedita’; will go via the Abruzzi to pick up his troops: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 7 Apr 1483, ASMi, cit. In command of 230 men-at-arms: J Guicciardini in Ferrara to the Dieci, 24 Apr 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 290-1. Is on the Tronto with cavalry, waiting for the rest of his men: P Nasi in Naples to the Dieci, 17 May 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 347. Has left; his men are on their way: E d’Este to Antonio da Montecatini, 31 May 1483, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Has been at Ricardina in the Bolognese for three days; is coming to Ferrara: E d’Este to Antonio da Montecatini, 20 June 1483, ASMo, cit. Has arrived at Ferrara with three squadrons (fifty men-at-arms) in poor order: J Guicciardini to the Dieci, 23 June 1483, Dieci, Resp, 28, 28-9.

Bibliog: DBI, 17, 368-9

 

Caracciolo, Giovanni

Refs: Has been defeated in a skirmish on his way to the Neapolitan camp: L Lanti in Rome to the Balia of Siena, 3 July 1482, ASS, Conc, 2049, --. Captured at Campomorto: G Riario to Sixtus IV, 22 Aug 1482, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 91. It has been reported from Rome that C and other prisoners were well received by Sixtus, and that Sixtus was ready to negotiate peace; C has been authorised by Naples to negotiate: F Gaddi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 4 Sept 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 145-6. Is being held in the papal palace: L Lanti to the Balia of Siena, 9 Sept 1482, ASS, Conc, 2049, 64. Has been released with other commanders; will leave Rome soon: L Lanti to the Balia of Siena, 14 Dec 1482, ASS, Balia, 506, 80. One of the Neapolitan commanders in the Ferrarese: P Nasi to the Dieci, 10 July 1483, Dieci, Resp, 28, 168. Visits Fra Francesco d’Aragona: 14 Nov 1484, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 175. One of the Neapolitan ambassadors entering Rome: 18 Nov 1484, C Strozz, 3a ser, 133, 126. Concerning the horses of the countess of Troia and aid offered to Ferrante: G Lanfredini to G Caracciolo, 31 Aug 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 18, 61. Giovanni Albino is urged to tell Alfonso d’Aragona to be nice to C: Lorenzo de’ Medici to G Albino, 3 Nov 1485, Lettere, IX, 30-1. As a reward for his loyalty Ferrante wants to make him Grand Seneschal: 18 Dec 1485, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 246. Offers his services to the League: 18-31 Mar 1486, Dieci, Resp, 33, 556. The possibility of his disloyalty: 22 May 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 2-3. Sends a man to Venice: 15 July 1486, Dieci, Miss, 6, 68-9.

Bibliog: DBI, 17, 377-80

 

Carafa, Alberico d. 1504

Career: Son of Tommaso and Dianora Carafa; nephew of Diomede Carafa; m Giovannella da Ponte. A royal councillor from one of the most powerful Neapolitan families.

Refs: Together with his uncle Diomede and cousin Antonio, was among the signatories of the League between Naples, Milan, Florence and Ferrara, 25 July 1480, Lettere, V, 299. Francesco Coppola, Antonello Petrucci and C informed the Florentine and Milanese ambassadors of Ferrante’s request for more subsidies against the Turks: P Nasi to the Otto, 17 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 237. Coppola and C arrived [at Barolo] to consult Ferrante about Otranto and to get money to pay the army: P Nasi to Otto, 15 June 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 338-9. C had a galley which Francesco Nacci was trying to get for a voyage Lorenzo wanted made to Tunis; C was also helpful to Nacci in trying to straighten out the bank affairs in Naples: F Nacci in Naples to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 27 Dec 1481, MAP, 38, 379. Lorenzo da Castello contacted C in Naples when he opened peace negotiations: Z Saggi to Federico Gonzaga, 18 Nov 1482, ASMa, AG, 1627. ‘Commissione generale’ for men-at-arms: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 2 Mar 1483, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. One of the two delayed Neapolitan galleys belongs to him: 24 Nov 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 413. Accuses Antonello Petrucci of having made a personal fortune at Ferrante’s expense: 12 Jan 1485, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 245. Serving as part of the Orsini condotta in Naples: 21 July 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 22-3.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 471-2

 

Carafa, Alessandro

Ref: C, the prior of S Stefano, owes Lorenzo de’ Medici and Giovanni Lanfredini a large sum money: 1 June 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 18, 12.

 

Carafa, Antonio

Career: Son of Diomede Carafa and Maria Caracciolo; brother of Giovanni Tommaso.

Refs: Among the signatories of the league between Sixtus, Naples, Milan and Florence, 13 Mar 1480: Lettere, V, 290. Together with his father and cousin Alberico, C was among the signatories of the League between Naples, Milan, Florence and Ferrara, 25 July 1480, Lettere, V, 299. With Antonello Petrucci, Antonio Cicinello and Marco Ferillo, appointed to a commission to look at Milanese proposals regarding the restituion of Florentine land occupied by Siena: G G Sforza to F Sacramoro, 29 Jan 1481, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 302. One of three men Ferrante asked to consider what should be discussed at the forthcoming diet: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 10 Feb 1483, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. Ferrante listens to his advice as to that of no one else: 15 June 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 18, 17.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 478-9

 

Carafa, Diomede, count of Maddaloni 1406/8-1487

Career: Son of Antonio Carafa and Caterina Farafalla; m (1) Maria Caracciolo, (2) Sveva di Sanseverino; father of Giovanni Tommaso and Antonio Carafa. Head of a powerful family and held in high esteem both at the Neapolitan court and beyond, but equally well known to posterity for his cultural interests. Towards the end of his life he was a great rival of Antonello Petrucci and remained conspicuously loyal to the Neapolitan crown during the Barons War. A regular correspondent of Lorenzo.

Refs: Together with his son Antonio and nephew Alberico, was among the signatories of the League between Naples, Milan, Florence and Ferrara, 25 July 1480, Lettere, V, 299. Among those informed by Lorenzo of the death of Lucrezia Tornabuoni, 25 Mar 1482: Prot, 187-8.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 524-30; Persico, D Carafa

 

Carafa, Giovanni Antonio

Ref: After the death of Cardinal Giovanni d’Aragona, Innocent incorporated the abbey of Montecassino into the Patrimony, but Ferrante sent troops to occupy it and appointed C as its vicar/administrator: Lettere, IX, 307.

 

Carafa, Giovanni Tommaso, count of Maddaloni d. 1520

Career: Eldest son of Diomede Carafa and Maria Caracciolo, who succeeded to his father’s estates in 1487; brother of Antonio. m Giulia di Sanseverino.

Refs: Francesco Nacci should ask C about the seeds Lorenzo wants for his garden at Poggio: F Nacci at Naples to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 24 Dec 1482, MAP, 38, 540. Is heading north with Alfonso d’Aragona’s troops: [F Gaddi] to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 27 Dec 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 190-2. A royal counsellor quoted by Giovanni Lanfredini: 13 Aug 1484, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 113. Accuses Antonello Petrucci of having enriched himself at Ferrante’s expense: 12 Jan 1485, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 245. Ferrante wants to heal C’s rift with Petrucci by the marriage of Petrucci’s son to the daughter of the count of Capaccio, who is a Sanseverino and C’s son-in-law: 20 Aug 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 18, 49.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 568-71

 

Carafa, Oliviero, cardinal 1430-1511

Career: Son of Francesco Carafa and Maria Origlia; head of the family after the death of Diomede in 1487. Archbishop of Naples, 1458-84; cardinal, 1467; bishop of Albano, 1476-83; bishop of Sabina, 1483-1503; bishop of Ostia, 1503-11.

Refs: At Lorenzo’s request, Ferrante wrote to C and others promoting Rinaldo Orsini’s candidature for the abbey of Farfa: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 16 Dec 1481, MAP, 51, 66. Protector of the Dominicans: 14 June 1484, Otto, Miss, 2, 40. Guidantonio Vespucci says he is suitable candidate for the papacy because he is neutral in his political alignments; his family is discontented with Ferrante and the king is very discontented with C: 14 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 285. Vespucci backs him for the papacy: 15 Aug 1484, MAP, 48, 25. Nominated by Alfonso d’Aragona and Ludovico Sforza as one of their candidates for the papacy: 21 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 292. Had Aragonese backing for this[?]: 25 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 296. One of the frontrunners for the papacy: 25 Aug 1484, MAP, 55, 38. Received a few votes in the conclave: 30 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 306. Ferrante entrusted him with the instruction of Cardinal Giovanni d’Aragona: 31 Aug 1484, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 126. Felt himself betrayed by Cardinal d’Aragona; they had a verbal fight in the conclave: 31 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 307. After Marco Barbo, C was among the cardinals with most votes on the first day: 4 Sept 1484, MAP, 48, 37. Cardinal d’Aragona claimed C was opposed to the election of Giovanni Battista Cibo, and was backing Barbo: 4 Sept 1484, MAP, 48, 38. One of those with whom Innocent consults frequently: 18 Sept 1484, MAP, 39, 332. On the committee of cardinals investigating precedents for Florence’s nomination of the Perugians as confederati: 26 Nov 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 418. Innocent gets ‘m Guido’ to warn C not to block the reservation of a benefice [almost certainly Passignano]: 22 Jan 1485, MAP, 39, 69. On the papal commission regarding preparations against the Turk: 2 Feb 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 316. He and the friars of Passignano are trying to stop anything regarding that house getting through the consistory: 3 Mar 1485, MAP, 39, 94. C’s opposition to Lorenzo acquiring Passignano: G A Vespucci to G T Carafa, 7 Mar 1485, MAP, 39, 99. The Passignano affair: G A Vespucci to O Carafa, 12 Mar 1485, MAP, 39, 103. Blocked a bull which gave Passignano to Giovanni de’ Medici: 26 Mar 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 224.

Bibliog: DBI, 19, 588-96

 

Carare

Ref: C is not to be allowed to obstruct the wishes of Florentine Signoria in the Salvetti case: Dieci to G Lanfredini, 28 July 1486, Otto, Miss, 5, 25.

 

Carbone da Vaiano di Casentino

Refs: Recommendation of C, who has been wrongly accused; according to Lorenzo he was a friend of Giovanni Serristori, who was a member of the Council of 70: Lorenzo de’ Medici to the Balia of Siena, 19 Dec 1484, ASS, Balia, 521, 16; Lettere, VIII, 90.

 

Carducci, Filippo

Career: Member of the Otto di Custodia, Mar-June 1484. Captain of Arezzo, 1486; it was during his period in office that Margherita de’ Medici was abducted by the servants of Giovanni Pico. Gonfalonier of Justice, July-Aug 1501.

Ref: Recommendation of C for the Signoria: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 17 Apr 1485, Lettere, VIII, 163.

 

Carducci, Lorenzo d’Agnolo b. c. 1430

Career: Son-in-law of the banker Antonio Pescioli. General member of the Balia for S Maria Novella, 1471. At some point in the 1470s captained Flanders galleys. Captain of two Levant galleys, which were planned in 1476 and sailed in 1477. Member of the Dieci di Balia, Dec 1479-Oct 1483 (at least). Member of the second half of the Council of 70, 1480. One of the 12 Procuratori, Oct 1480-Apr 1481, Apr-Oct 1483, Apr-Oct 1484. Captain of Volterra, May 1481. Member of the Otto di Custodia, Nov 1482-Feb 1483. Accoppiatore, 1484. Captain of Pisa, Mar-Sept 1490. 1480 Catasto: Vipera.

Refs: In the consulta, instead of raising taxes and troops, recommended that Florence exhort her allies and Costanzo Sforza, and exhort her citizens to make voluntary contributions and pay quickly: 29 May 1482, Min, 12, 365-7. Acting as middle man betwen Lorenzo and Antonio Pescioli: 5 Apr 1486, MAP, 48, 345. Lorenzo is sending Jacopo Guicciardini a letter from C to his friend so that Ludovico Sforza will understand how important the matter of the obligatione is to Lorenzo: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini in Milan, 9 Apr 1486, Lettere, IX, 231. C’s letter to Pescioli has been written according to Guicciardini’s instructions: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini, 15 Apr 1486, Lettere, IX, 248. Is the son-in-law of Antonio Pescioli: A Pescioli to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 20 Apr 1486, MAP, 39, 470.

 

Carletto da Vernia

Ref: Involved in the impresa against Genoa: 4 Feb 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 326.

 

Carlino di Novello

Ref: Venetian senators Giovanni Emo, Bernardo Giustinian, Marco Barbarigo and Giovanni Antonio Minio proposed that C, an experienced constable, be sent with his 300 infantry, and 1,500 cavalry, to defend the casoni in the Polesine: 4 Jan 1482, ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 46.

 

Carlo dal Monte a Santa Maria

Refs: Son of the marchese Monte a S Maria. In Florentine service with fifteen elmetti: T Biringhucci in Florence to the Balia of Siena, 28 June 1483, ASS, Balia, 512, 24. At the command of Siena against Sienese exiles: T Biringhucci to the Signoria of Siena, 15 July 1483, ASS, Conc, 2052, 7. His condotta with Florence has just been renewed: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 10 Jan 1484, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. At Monte S Savino with a squadron: 27 Feb 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 118-19.

 

Carlo da Pian di Meleto (Carlo degli Olivi) c. 1445-1495

Career: A condottiere who generally fought for the Church, but defected to the Venetians in 1483 and again served the republic from 1492 onwards.

Refs: With Giovanni Antonio Caldora, has left Forlì to meet Girolamo Riario in Perugia: Dieci to B Gianfigliazzi, 11 Oct 1482, Dieci, LC, 5, 80-2. Is to be sent to Ferrara, with thirty-five men-at-arms: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 20 Dec 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambascaitori, Firenze, 3. Was at Lugo with about thirty men-at-arms of the papal forces; summoned to Ferrara to help fill gaps left by departure of Costanzo Sforza: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 16 Jan 1483, ASMo, cit. Has forty men-at-arms ready to go to Lombardy: list of papal troops, 22 July 1483, Dieci, Resp, 28, 300. His condotta with Innocent confirmed: 25 Oct 1484, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 96.

 

Carnesecchi, Paolo

Ref: Podestà of Barga in 1481: Lettere, VI, 23-4.

 

Carré, Pierre

Career: Dominican; bishop of Orange, 1484---.

Ref: Member of the French embassy to Rome: 20 Jan 1485, Dieci, Miss, 23, 15.

 

Casati, Francesco di Cristoforo de

Career: Apostolic scriptor who became chancellor of Galeazzo Maria Sforza’s secret chancery in 1471. In June 1478 he was sent to Naples to try to divide Ferrante from Sixtus. Sent to Bologna in 1479, 1480 and 1481, on the last occasion his mission being to meet Girolamo Riario and warn him against too close an association with Venice. Became secretary of the Milanese secret Chancery in Jan 1480. Later missions took him to France, to Ferrara in connection with the Sforza-Este double marriage of 1491, and to Germany in relation with the marriage between Bianca Maria Sforza and Maximilian von Habsburg.

Refs: The ‘dukes’ mention that C wrote to them on behalf of Roberto di Sanseverino concerning a condotta for Antonello da Forlì, which they refused: Bona and G G Sforza to Roberto di Sanseverino, 4 June 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 299. The dukes are sending C to Galeotto Manfredi to persuade him to work in favour of ‘li signori et città di Forlì’: Bona and G G Sforza to F Sacramoro, 7 June 1480, ASMi, cit. The dukes clarify that C and Corbizzo Corbizzi (for Florence) are trying to negotiate with Manfredi for a deal with Cecco Ordelaffi’s son, as Lucrezia and Anton Maria Pico have gone over to Sixtus: Bona and G G sforza to F Sacramoro, 17 June 1480, ASMi, cit. C is at Bologna with Roberto di Sanseverino: Bona and G G Sforza to F Sacramoro, 9 July 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 300. In view of the continued papal threat to Faenza, C is being sent to Galeotto Manfredi: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 18 Feb 1481, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 2. C has returned from Faenza and said that Manfredi was in good spirits but very angry with the Venetians: T Ridolfi in Milan to the Otto, 2 Apr 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 114. The duke of Milan is sending C to Faenza for a month and wants opinions about the Venice/Faenza situation: T Ridolfi to the Otto, 21 Apr 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 167. The Otto express approval of C being sent to Faenza and say they will also send someone to encourage Manfredi: Otto to T Ridolfi, 27 Apr 1481, Min, 11, 312-13. C has been instructed to try to dissuade Manfredi from a reported plan to marry Lucrezia Pico, widow of Pino Ordelaffi; he is also to warn Manfredi to be alert for Girolamo Riario’s arrival: T Ridolfi to the Otto, 15 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 227. C has returned from Faenza to Bologna; he has sent Manfredi’s request for troops: T Ridolfi to the Otto, 19 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 239. Apparently C remained in communication with Manfredi, for he was assured by Manfredi that there was no need to worry about his marriage plans; C was writing from Bologna: T Ridolfi to the Otto, 21 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 244. It was C at Bologna who apparently first provided the news of the capture of the rocca at Imola: G F Salarolo at Bologna to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 28 May 1481, MAP, 38, 192; T Ridolfi to the Otto, 29 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 286; T Ridolfi to the Otto, 1 June 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 294-5. C reported the movement of G C Varano’s troops [against Osimo?]: T Ridolfi to the Otto, 6 Aug 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 407; same to same, 17 Aug 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 420-1. Salarolo knew C in Bologna and suggested him to Lorenzo as a replacement for Marco Trotti, the former Milanese orator at Naples; Salarolo thought C would be much more suitable and said he had Lorenzo’s affairs very much at heart: G F Salarolo to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 20 Jan 1482, MAP, 38, 389.

Bibliog: DBI, 21, 235-7; Cerioni, I, 159-60.

 

Castiglioni, Branda di Giacomo 1415-1487

Career: Milanese diplomat and ducal councillor. Bishop of Como, 1466-87. Ambassador to Rome, 1480-2, 1485. Ambassador to Naples, 1485.

Refs: Remained one of the Milanese orators in Rome after negotiations for a general league fell through; he thanked Florence for recommending him for the cardinalate: G A Vespucci to the Otto, 5 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 202. His instructions for Rome: 24 May 1481, Pasolini. Arrived in Rome yesterday: Milanese orators in Rome to G G Sforza, 10 June 1481, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 89. Because of the plague he has retreated to Velletri; his chancellor has died: Milanese orators in Rome, 10 Aug 1481, ASMi, cit. With Sixtus at Bracciano: B Castiglioni at Bracciano to the Otto, 28 Sept 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 467. One of the councillors sent to meet Bona Sforza on her return to Milan: Z Saggi to Federico Gonzaga, 19 Oct 1482, ASMa, AG, 1627. Letter of credence for Siena, on his way to Rome: G G Sforza to the Signoria of Siena, 7 Jan 1483, ASS, Conc, 2054, 30. Arrived in Florence, urging the Florentines to agree to a new league with Sixtus; heading for Rome: ------, 16 Jan 1483, ------. Has been elected legate to the fleet: Z Saggi to F Gonzaga, 26 Mar 1483, ASMa, cit. Ferrante is pleased by his election as legate, describing him as ‘ persona de grande volunta & sufitientia’: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 12 Apr 1483, ASMi, cit. Legate to the fleet: P F Pandolfini in Rome to the Dieci, 24 Apr 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 293. Plans to leave for Ancona in about a week; wants a communal flag for the fleet there: G A Vespucci to the Dieci, 24 May 1483, ------. Left this morning for Ancona; is to be replaced as Milanese ambassador by Branda di Giacobino da Castiglioni: G A Vespucci to the Dieci, 11 June 1483, Dieci, Resp, 28, 21. Elected as one of the six Milanese ambassadors to Rome: 9 Sept 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 137. Milanese ambassador in Naples, but is not to go to Rome: 29 Sept 1484, MAP, 48, 53. Reports the flight of don Federico, Antonello Petrucci and messer Empo from the barons to Naples: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini in Milan, 26 Dec 1485, Lettere, IX, 87.Milanese ambassador to Rome of whom Innocent approves: 29 Aug 1486, Dieci, Miss, 6, 75-6.

Bibliog: DBI, 22, 126-8; Cerioni, I, 160-1

 

Castiglioni, Branda di Giacobino d. 1499

Career: Among his embassies for the Sforza were those to the Swiss in 1479, Naples in 1482, 1485 and 1487, Forlì in 1488, and Florence in 1489 and 1491.

Refs: Arrived Naples to replace Marco Trotti as resident Milanese orator: P F Pandolfini to the Otto, 11/13? Feb 1482, Otto, Resp, 2, 246. Bernardo Rucellai refers to C reporting something Ferrante told him: B Rucellai to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 9 Apr 1482, MAP, 51, 112. Wants to return to Rome from Naples; finds the Neapolitan court very suspicious of anything they do not like: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 25 Oct 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 240. Will have some leave from Naples when Giovanni Arcimboldi arrives to cover for him: G G Sforza to B Castiglioni, 7 Mar 1483, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. Will be sent back to Naples at Christmas: G G Sforza to B Castiglioni, 18 Mar 1483, ASMi, cit. Has been ordered to replace B Castiglioni, bishop of Como, in Rome; will have more company there: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 5 Apr 1483, ASMi, cit. Will obey orders and stay in Naples a while longer (but asks that the original decision to transfer him to Rome is confirmed): B Castiglioni to G G Sforza and to B Calco[?], 21 Apr 1483, ASMi, cit. Has replaced the eponymous bishop of Como as Milanese ambassador in Rome: G A Vespucci to the Dieci, 11 June 1483, Dieci, Resp, 28, 21. His jealousy of the special position enjoyed by Giovanni Lanfredini: 19 Aug 1484, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 117.

Bibliog: DBI, 22, 129-31; Cerioni, I, 161-2

 

Castiglirino, Medina

Ref: Recommendation for this captain and shipowner: Jacopo d’Appiano to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 11 May 1486, MAP, 40, 184.

 

Castrocane da Monteleone

Refs: Offers to induce Monteleone to rebel against the Church; is in cahoots with Francesco da Iesi and Boccolino da Osimo: 27 Feb 1486, Dieci, Miss, 6, 21-3. Alfonso d’Aragona’s negotiations with C: 4 Apr 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 157-9.

 

Castrucci, Antonio

Refs: His mules were taken by Bartolomeo Mancini to Pesaro, so the Dieci send A F Sinibaldi to recover them: 2 Nov 1484, Dieci, Delib, 24, 64-6. A Florentine vecturale whose mules were seized by the Torelli: 9 Dec 1485, Dieci, Miss, 6, 1-2.

 

Catanii, Catanio de’

Ref: Genoese representative sent to Venice regarding the damage suffered by the Genoese in the sack of Gallipoli: 3 Oct 1484, ASV, Sen Secr, 32, 97.

 

Cataracione

Ref: Antonio da Firenze, constable in arce Corvarie, complains about C, who had been recommended to him by Lorenzo: Antonio da Firenze to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 419.

 

Catelano, messer

Ref: Sent from Cardinal Riario-Sansoni to visit Caterina Sforza in the Castel S Angelo during the papal sede vacante: 18 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 289.

 

Catone, Angelo 1440-1495

Career: A Beneventan who went to France with Federico d’Aragona in 1475 and remained as Louis XI’s doctor and astrologer. Archbishop of Vienne, 1482-95. His ambition to write a history of his time resulted in both Domenico Mancini’s report on the usurpation of Richard III and the memoirs of Philippe de Commynes.

Ref: Lorenzo’s letter to C: 8 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 431.

Bibliog: DBI, 22, 396-9

 

Cavalcanti, Carlo

Ref: Uncle of Lionetto de Rossi recommended by his nephew for a post on the Otto: L de’ Rossi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1 Jan 1485, MAP, 39, 51.

 

Cavalcanti, Filippo

Ref: Involved in the murder committed by the son of Gherardo Guardi: 26 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 450.

 

Cavalcanti, Giovanni di Niccolò 1444-1509

Career: Pupil of Marsilio Ficino. Described as wool merchant of Pisa, 1461-4. With Luca Corsini, sent to Milan to congratulate Ludovico Sforza on becoming duke. Also in 1494, was a member of the Florentine mission delegated to greet Charles VIII. 1480 Catasto: Carro; sostanze 3,290 fl.

 

Cavalcanti, Lorenzo

Ref: Requests another job, as the post Lorenzo got him in the dogana is not to his liking: L Cavalcanti to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 26 Mar 1485 [1484?], MAP, 39, 11.

 

Cavalchino

Refs: Ascanio Sforza’s secretary, who is visiting Milan: MAP, 39, 530, 11 July 1486. A highly placed source of information for Jacopo Guiciardini and Niccolò Pontini: J Guicciardini in Milan to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 18 Aug 1486, MAP, 39, 549.

 

Cavalieri, Bartolomeo

Refs: Has been sent to Bologna by Ercole d’Este to collect infantry: Eleonora d’Aragona to G Bentivoglio, 9 Nov 1482, Dallari, 293. Sienese ambassador to Alfonso d’Aragona: 12 Oct 1484, ASS, Conc, 2417, 58.

 

Caviano, Paolo de

Ref: A Neapolitan witness to the accord for the restitution of the towns disputed by Florence and Siena, 29 Mar 1481: Lettere, V, 309.

 

Ceccha, la

Ref: Soldier employed by Florence in the Lunigiana: Dieci, Resp, 30, 451, 12 Mar 1485.

 

Cecchi, Antonio di Romolo

Ref: His son is involved in the murder committed by the son of Gherardo Guardi: MAP, 26, 450, 26 Sept 1485.

 

Cecchini, Giovanni

Refs: Leader of the Sienese mob who grabbed five citizens, imprisoned them in the Sala del Consiglio and defenestrated them, 1 Apr 1483: Pecci, Memorie storiche, I, 28. Recommendation of C’s messenger and the two cases he is coming to relate: Lorenzo de’ Medici to E d’Este, 13 June 1485, Lettere, VIII, 222. Recommends messer Francesco, podestà of Florence, for a second term as podestà of Siena: G Cecchini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 12 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 434.

 

Cecco da Pianorsoli

Ref: Debtor of Pietro di Giovanni, Lorenzo’s butcher: Lorenzo de’ Medici to E d’Este, 17 Feb 1482, Lettere, VI, 264.

 

Cederni, Bartolomeo di Cederno 1416-1482

Ref: Client of Pier Filippo Pandolfini; worked for the Boni bank: Lettere, VI, 331.

 

Ceffi, Lorenzo di Tommaso

Ref: Thanks Lorenzo for getting him his present job as castellan of the new citadel at Livorno: MAP, 39, 503, 17 May 1486

 

Ceffini, Giuliano

Ref: Vicar of Anghiari, who writes to Lorenzo regarding the case of Agnoletto di Giovanni da Vaiano di Casentino: MAP, 39, 515, 25 May 1486

 

Ceffini, Silvestro di Giuliano

Career: Merchant in Constantinople, 1469; last provveditore of the consuls of Pisa, Oct 1481-Oct 1482; captain of Cortona by 1485.

Ref: Recommendation of C Colonna: Lorenzo de’ Medici to S Ceffini, 24 Mar 1485, MAP, 39, 193.

 

Cegia, Agostino di Domenico d. c. 1482

Career: From 1470 a close associate of Lorenzo; undertook a variety of administrative and financial responsibilities. Prior, 1474. In 1477 he acquired a house in via Larga, near the Palazzo Medici.

Refs: Mentioned in a financial capacity: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 10 Aug 1480, Lettere, V, 38.

Bibliog: G Pampaloni, ‘I ricordi segreti del mediceo Francesco di Agostino Cegia (1495-7)’, ASI, 115 (1957), 189-90; DBI, 23, 324

 

Cegia, Francesco di Agostino (‘il Cegino’) 1460-1497

Career: Entered Lorenzo’s service in 1480, alongside his father. Suffered imprisonment, torture, exile in the Florentine contado and, finally, execution, for the Medicean cause after 1494.

Refs: Is to arrange for dispatch of a musician [cf Iannes and H Isaac] to Lorenzo at Bagno a Morbo: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 7 May 1486, Lettere, IX, 278. Is undertaking various tasks for Lorenzo: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 15 May 1486, Lettere, IX, 291. Is to pay Antonio Fagiuolo for coming down from Lombardy for Lorenzo: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 18 May 1486, Lettere, IX, 297.

Bibliog: DBI, 23, 324-7

 

Cennami, Martino

Refs: Lorenzo wrote to Lionetto de’ Rossi and Francesco Gaddi on C’s behalf: Prot, 160. Giovanni Lanfredini sent to Lucca with letters of recommendation to Jacopo da Ghivizzano, Giovanni Guidiccioni and to C: Prot, 174. Sent from Lucca to Florence to discuss the problems at Barga, Apr 1482: Lettere, VII, 21-2. Signed a new league with Florence on behalf of Lucca, 12 June: Otto to B Gianfigliazzi, 13 June 1482, Min, 12, 318-19.

 

Cenni, Alessandro di Orfeo

Ref: News of C, a Milanese diplomat: B Rucellai at Milan to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 2 Apr 1482, MAP, 51, 104. Penultimate item in the memorandum for the diet of Cremona: ‘Alexandro d’Orfeo la sua possessione’: Lettere, VII, 504

 

Cenni, Carlo di Orfeo

Career: A familiar of Innocent VIII; created a protonotary by Alexander VI in 1495; governor of Città of Castello in 1504 but disgraced.

Ref: His cause recommended: Lorenzo de’ Medici to T Ridolfi, 7 June 1481: Prot, 149.

 

Cenni, Orfeo (Orfeo da Ricavo) d. 1482

Career: Born at Pieve di Ricavo, in Florentine territory. A mercenary career gave way to a diplomatic one following his association with Francesco Sforza in the 1450s. By 1456 he had Cremonese citizenship and established his family in Cremona. Had Milanese troops sent to help Piero de’ Medici in 1466. Depicted in a fresco in the Castello Sforzesco giving instructions to the troops. A great favourite of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, to whom he was a ducal councillor in 1474. Member of the regency council, 1477. Disgraced 10 Sept 1479, after the return of Ludovico, and imprisoned at Trezzo. In Apr 1481 freed on payment of a large cauzione and at the request of Lorenzo and others; exiled to Arezzo and then to Florence. Died at Florence; buried in S Marco.

Refs: Ludovico Sforza and others decided to kill Cicco [Simonetta] and are proceeding with his trial, but are trying to get him to disgorge his money; they are doing the same with C, and Pier Filippo Pandolfini does not know what will happen to him; Pandolfini talked to Ludovico about C and tried to persuade him to release him, assuring him that if he did so, he would have ‘uno schiavo’: P F Pandolfini at Milan to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 23 June 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 247-8. The Otto send Tommaso Ridolfi a letter from the Signoria to G G and Bona Sforza, seeking the release of C, ‘inteso lui essero stato ristricto e messo nella torre dello inferno’; Ridolfi is to do what he can towards this, including approaching Antonio Tassini: Otto to T Ridolfi in Milan, 16 Sept 1480, Otto, Miss interne, 1, 54. C has been even more closely confined than before: Otto to G G and Bona Sforza, 16 Sept 1480, Sig, Miss, 1a Canc, 48, 155-6. News that Simonetta has been executed but that C is to be spared; Sforza Bettini, C’s nipote, urged Ercole d’Este to intervene: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 31 Oct 1480, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 2. At Bettini’s request, Ercole has promised to write to Milan about C: S Bettini at Ferrara to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 30 Nov 1480, ASMo, cit. Bettini was pleased to see what Ridolfi wrote to ‘ you’ about the imminent release of C; he had had the same indication from Ludovico himself: S Bettini at Mantua to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1 Jan 1481, MAP, 38, 1. Lorenzo’s thoughts on the case: Lorenzo de’ Medici to T Ridolfi, 15 Feb 1481, Lettere, V, 158. News of C’s release is still awaited: S Bettini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 23 Jan 1481, MAP, 38, 4. Ridolfi reports a proposal to confiscate an estate from C; he asked Ludovico to take action about the return now that the time was up during which he had promised to take action: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 31 Mar 1481, MAP 48, 82.

Ludovico was planning to exile C to Naples; Ridolfi interceded and wants Lorenzo to do the same: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 6 Apr 1481, MAP 48, 65. Lorenzo wrote to Milan in favour of C: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, MAP 48, 67, 10 Apr 1481. The order for his release was signed yesterday; he is to go into exile in Arezzo: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 17 Apr 1481, MAP 48, 69. He will spend fifteen days in Cremona before going to Arezzo: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 21 Apr 1481, MAP 48, 71. C came out of prison on Thursday: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 22 Apr 1481, MAP 48, 72. On the Thursday before Easter C was released and ordered to reside in Arezzo; his children can stay with their mother in Cremona: T Ridolfi to the Otto, 28 April 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 184-6. The Otto were delighted to hear about C’s liberation and his children: Otto to T Ridolfi, 2 May 1481, Min, 11, 318-20. Ridolfi is doing his best for C and has got a mill back for him: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 19 May 1481, Sig, X, VIII, 4, 37-8; MAP, 38, 184. If Ridolfi has helped C, Lorenzo knows why; he would have liked to see C injured less, but has done the best he could; he has not given Lorenzo’s letter to Ludovico and thinks it will not do much good, ‘havendo quello mutato signore e consignate le chiave in possessione etc: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 21 May 1481, Sig, X, VIII, 4, 38-9; MAP, 48, 77. Ridolfi had still not given the letter to Ludovico, but had given another letter to messer Luigi; Ridolfi felt the best thing C could do is to obey and hope that more could be done for him later: T Ridolfi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 22 May 1481, Sig, X, VIII, 4, 39-40; MAP, 48, 76. Ludovico does not doubt what Lorenzo says about C and promises a conclusion which will please Lorenzo: Ludovico Sforza in Milan to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 23 Oct 1481, MAP, 45, 13/14. Died this morning, after making his will: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 3 Jan 1482, ASMo, cit. C’s death is particularly sad because he would soon have recovered his position at Milan; he was ‘veramente uno homo da bene et degno nel essere suo’; Costanzo Sforza wants to do all he can for C’s children and hopes Lorenzo will help; Ludovico Sforza says they can return and enjoy their inheritance; Costanzo has asked Ridolfi to take one of the sons into his household: C Sforza at Milan to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 9 Jan 1482, MAP, 38, 67.

Bibliog: Cerioni, I, 164-5

 

Centurione, Domenico

Ref: Brother of Giovan Battista; is ill in Lucca: MAP, 26, 363, 13 May 1485

 

Centurione, Francesco

Ref: Florence gives him safeconduct, as the doge of Genoa requests: MAP, 39, 74, 25 Mar 1485 [or 1484?].

 

Centurione, Giovan Battista

Refs: Is being sent to Florence by Genoa to complain about the treatment of Paolo Ravaschiero while held in Florence: doge and Balia of Genoa to Signoria of Florence, 19 Nov 1482, ASG, Arch Seg, 1805, 126-7. Is conducting a negotiation with Guido Mannelli about which C writes to Lorenzo: Dieci, Miss, I, 22, 83, 2 Jan 1485. A Genoese visiting Lucca and writing to Lorenzo; clearly a contact of Lorenzo: MAP, 26, 363, 13 May 1485.

 

Cesarini, Gabriele

Ref: Together with Giordano and Paolo Orsini and Giovanni Colonna, was among those who accompanied Girolamo Riario to the Romagna in 1481: Lettere, V, 262.

 

Charles VIII, king of France 1470-1498

Career: The sickly son of Louis XI and Charlotte of Savoy, he succeeded his father in 1483 though his minority meant that power resided in the regency government of his sister and brother-in-law, Anne and Pierre de Beaujeu. By the treaty of Arras (1482), Louis ensured his betrothal to Marguerite, daughter of Maximilian of Austria and Marie of Burgundy. This arrangement was broken and C played a non-combatent part in the May 1486 campaign against Maximilian. m Anne of Britanny (1490) after the French defeat of her duchy. The ‘Italian Wars’ began with his campaign for the throne of Naples in 1494.

Refs: After Bagnolo, named as a collegato of Milan: Libri commemoriali, V, 289, 4 Oct 1484. Nominated by Venice as a collegato and confederate: Libri commemoriali, V, 291, 22 Oct 1484. Proposed a general council of the Church, Sept 1485: Lettere, IX, 78. Dispatched ambassadors to Italy in favour of René d’Anjou, duke of Lorraine: MAP, 39, 459, 6 Apr 1486. Like other rulers, C objected that Maximilian’s imperial election on 16 Feb 1486 had been irregular: Lettere, IX, 367. Speculation about C imposing a commercial embargo on the Florentines: S Taverna to Ludovico Sforza, 14 May 1486, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 309. His war with Maximilian: MAP, 39, 523, 17 June 1486. C is now opposed to Ferrante’s idea for a general council: J Guicciardini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 30 June 1486, MAP, 39, 525.

Bibliog: DBF, 8, 530-4

 

Charles II, duke of Anjou 1436-1481

Career: Count of Maine. Nephew of René I, whom he succeeded as duke of Anjou in 1480. Thereafter, until his death in Dec 1481, he asserted his authority in Provence. Upon his death, the title reverted to the French Crown.

Refs: Luigi Guicciardini reports that Venice has honoured A highly but that there are differences of opinion about engaging him: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 5 Apr 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 299. Agreement to treat with A: 7 Apr 1480, ASV, Sen Secr, 29, 87. Venice will probably engage A with some provisione that he should go home but return whenever asked to do so: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 13-14 Apr 1480, ASMi, cit. His condotta fixed for 24,000 fl p a; 500 French lances to be brought in if called upon; title of lieutenant-general: 14 Apr 1480, ASV, Sen Secr, 29, 88-9. Guicciardini reports from Venice that A has been hired by the republic for 2,000 ducats a month in peacetime and 500 French lances in war: F Scramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 5 May 1480, ASMi, cit. The papal/Venetian league had included a condotta for A: N de’ Roberti in Paris to E d’Este, 7 June 1480, Perinelle, 464-72. Two of A’s orators in Venice report the death of A’s mother; Venice is cautious about publicly supporting his claims to Naples in view of the papal bull against novità in Italy: 1 Sept 1480, ASV, Sen Secr, 29, 139. The Senate decided not to take up A’s rispetto: 22 Feb 1481, ASV, Sen Secr, 29, 163. Apparently, Giuliano della Rovere is afraid to cross Provence to meet the galleys that have come to fetch him; he asked A to let the galleys come to Avignon, but A refused and Giuliano would not trust A’s offer of one of his own ships; A is annoyed at the seizure of one of his ships by papal galleys (he claims) and at the execution in Avignon of those who conspired against the legate; Sixtus is very annoyed and is threatening to place Provence under an interdict: T Ridolfi to the Otto, 3 Oct 1481, Otto, Resp, 2, 2 and 4 and 5. Allusion to A’s death on 11 Dec 1481: Lorenzo de’ Medici to F Gaddi in France, 1 Feb 1482, Lettere, VI, 251.

 

Charles I, duke of Savoy (Carlo di Savoia) 1468-1490

Career: Succeeded his brother Philibert as duke of Savoy in 1482; m Bianca, daughter of Guglielmo Paleologo of Monferrato, who acted as regent for their son Charles II, 1490-6. Titular king of Jerusalem, 1485-90.

Refs: Has sent an ambassador to Ferrara to offer troops to the League for use against the Venetians: 17 Mar 1483, Caleffini, 79-80. A parentado is being negotiated for him with Monferrato, but negotiations have been suspended because of news of the death of Louis XI: Z Saggi in Milan to Federico Gonzaga, 8 Sept 1483, ASMa, AG, 1628. The Florentine ambassadors on their way to France are to visit C and thank him for his favour to Florentine merchants: mandate, 17 Oct 1483, ------. C is furious with Ludovico Sforza over the business of Madonna [Bona?], and is prepared to attack Milan if Ludovico attacks Montferrat: P F Pandolfini to ------, 30 Aug 1484, MAP, 48, 32. Nominated as a collegato and aderente of Milan: 4 Oct 1484, Libri commemoriali, V, 289. Nominated as a collegato and aderente of Venice after Bagnolo: 22 Oct 1484, Libri commemoriali, V, 291. Seeks to know if it is true that there was clause in the peace of Bagnolo obliging the signatories to help Ludovico Sforza and Roberto di Sanseverino in military operations against Montferrato: 23 Oct 1484, ASMi, SPE, Venezia, 373. C complains to Venice regarding the reputed undertaking on her part to help Milan against Montferrato, as he has rights over that state: 25 Oct 1484, ASV, Sen Secr, 32, 102. Renewal of the confederation between Milan and Savoy: 8 Nov 1484, ASMi, cit. Renewal of the confederation between Venice and Savoy: 11 Nov 1484, ASMi, cit. Savoy has been nominated by both Milan and Venice in line with the terms of Bagnolo: 17 Nov 1484, ASMi, cit. Aids Bonifacio Paleologo of Montferrato against Ludovico II, marchese of Saluzzo: 31 Mar 1485, MAP, 26, 345. C’s Montferrato marriage displeases Ludovico Sforza: 8 Apr 1485, Dieci, Resp, 34, 11. Marries the daughter of the late marchese of Montferrato, who is also a cousin of the duke of Milan: 15 Apr 1485, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 245. Asks Lorenzo to secure the release of his great friend Lionetto de’ Rossi: 21 July 1485, MAP, 45,305. Is well disposed towards Lorenzo and will grant his request: 1 Aug 1485, MAP, 26, 409. René, duke of Lorraine, requests transit through C’s territories: Dieci to P Capponi, 8 July 1486, Dieci, LC, 7, 68.

 

Charles de Neuchatel d. 1498

Career: Archbishop of Besancon, 1463-98.

Ref: Louis XI’s candidate for the cardinalate: A Trivulzio and B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 19 Dec 1481, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 90.

 

Chassaignes, Jean de

Refs: First president of the parlement of Bordeaux; with Jean d’Ars and Raymond Perrault, ambassador to Rome in 1481: Lettere, V, 166. With Jean d’A rs, in Venice to persuade the Senate to join an anti-Ottoman league: ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 28, 1 June 1481.

 

Cheli, Michele, da Imola

Ref: Lionetto de’ Rossi sends Lorenzo an important letter of his: MAP, 39, 276, 4 Aug 1484.

 

Chermonino

Ref: Soldier for Florence in the Pietrasanta campaign: Dieci, Resp, 32, 380, 4 Nov 1484.

 

Cherubino da Cortona

Refs: The Otto praise C’s military skills and are anxious to have him on the League’s side; although he had negotiated an agreement with Roberto di Sanseverino, he agreed, at Florence’s request, to break it, and now seeks service with Ercole d’Este; Bongianni Gianfigliazzi is to ask Ercole to emply him: Otto to B Gianfigliazzi, 6 May 1482, Min, 12, 248. Letters patent for his condotta with Ercole: Otto, Miss, 3, 81, 16 June 1482. Reports to Lorenzo regarding morbo at Bagno a Vignone: MAP, 26, 427, 6 Sept 1485.

 

Chiavacci, Luca

Ref: With Filippo di Biagio, has been declared a rebel by the Bolognese; recommended by Roberto Ridolfi, podestà of Pistoia, to the Dieci: Dieci, Resp, 30, 456, 12 Mar 1485.

 

Chiriaco dal Borgo d. 1512

Career: Condottiere from Borgo S Sepolcro who fought for the Venetians at Campomorto, but transferred his allegiance to Florence, against Venice and Pisa, from 1496.

Refs: Infantry commander for Florence: 27 Oct 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 356. Has left Pisa with 150 infantry: 11 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 135-6.

 

Christoph, duke of Bavaria 1449-1493

Refs: Arrived in Milan; leaving for Mantua today to consult Federico Gonzaga about the provisione been offered by Milan: Z Saggi in Milan to F Gonzaga, 11 Sept 1482, ASMa, AG, 1627. Will leave Milan tomorrow: Z Saggi to F Gonzaga, 12 Sept 1482, ASMa, cit. Is going to Venice; Zaccaria Saggi has persuaded him best to go via Mantua: Z Saggi to F Gonzaga, 13 Sept 1482, ASMa, cit. Ludovico Sforza is still ready to give 1,000 ducats p a, but not money for fifty corazze as B asked: Z Saggi to F Gonzaga, 22 Sept 1482, ASMa, cit.

 

Cianpolino, Giovanni

Ref: Is coming from Rome to see Lorenzo de’ Medici with a beautiful carnelian and other lovely things for him to buy: 7 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 246.

 

Cibo, Franceschetto c. 1459-1539

Career: Son of Innocent VIII; m Maddalena, daughter of Lorenzo de’ Medici and Clarice Orsini, 1487; six legitimate children, including Cardinal Innocenzo Cibo.

Refs: Anello Arcamone is trying to fix a match between C and a daughter of either Ferrante or Alfonso d’Aragona: 5 Oct 1484, MAP, 48, 57. Recommends to Lorenzo the case of a Genoese, Jacopo Benvenuto, taken at Poggibonsi: 13 Jan 1485, MAP, 39, 225. An alleged French plan to marry C to a daughter of Philippe of Savoy: 5 Feb 1485, MAP, 39, 77. Has an intelligentia with the Orsini and plans to marry Virginio Orsini’s widowed sister to bring about a reconciliation between Virginio and the pope: 23 Apr 1485, MAP, 48, 6. Innocent’s anger at this proposed match makes it very unlikely: 14 May 1485, MAP, 26, 376. A lordship for C in the Regno is one of the conditions of papal-Neapolitan negotiations: 26 Nov 1485, MAP, 26, 487.

Bibliog: DBI, 25, 243-5

 

Cibo, Giovanni Battista, cardinal, see also Innocent VIII

Career: Bishop of Molfetta, 1472-84; cardinal, 1473; elected pope 29 Aug 1484.

Refs: One of six cardinals appointed to consider peace terms: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’E ste, 7 Nov 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Giuliano della Rovere has been discussing Sixtus’s concern for Ferrara with C: Milanese ambassador in Florence to Antonio da Montecatini, 20 Nov 1482, ASMo, cit. Is to be sent by Sixtus to put Siena’s affairs in order; the pope has told Cardinal Piccolomini of this: L Lanti in Rome to the Balia of Siena, 10 Feb 1483, ASS, Balia, 516, 99. Has been given briefs, bulls, instructions and money for his Sienese legation: Cardinal Piccolomini in Rome to the Balia of Siena, 12 Feb 1483, ASS, Balia, 517, 2. Because he fears C will try to reintroduce exiles from Siena, Bartolomeo Sozzini (who had left for Siena) asks Florence to tell the exiles that he would be welcome in Florentine territory, ten miles from the border, but wants to be friendly to the present Sienese government: Dieci to Lorenzo de’ Medici(?), 17 Feb 1483, ------; B Castiglioni and A Trivulzio to Bona and G G Sforza, 17 Feb 1483, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 92. Is to be sent to Siena to try to settle its internal troubles: Dieci to P Capponi, 20 Feb 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 204. Arrived in Siena on 22 Feb; has been well received: Dieci to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 25 Feb 1483, Otto, ------. C, as legate, reports from Siena that Antonio Bellanti and Placido Placidi are among those destined for execution: B Castiglioni and A Trivulzio to G G Sforza, 6 Mar 1483, ASMi, cit. After the tumult in Siena, C decided to leave immediately: Concistoro of Siena to L Lanti in Rome, 1 Apr 1483, ASS, Conc, 1696, 45. When four citizens were defenestrated in Siena, C came to the piazza with about thirty infantry: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 2 Apr 1483, ASMo, cit. Has left for Rome: Dieci to J Guicciardini, 2 Apr 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 211-12. Sixtus says that, as no ‘magistrato’ was involved in the trouble in Siena and as it was not premeditated, C should stay: L Lanti to the Signoria of Siena, 3 Apr 1483, ASS, Conc, 2052, 5. Sixtus has recalled him to Rome for consultuations: G B Cibo to the Balia of Siena, 17 Apr 1483, ASS, Balia, 509, 40. Returned to Rome on Tuesday and spoke warmly of the Sienese: R Ricchi and L Lanti to the Balia of Siena, 24 Apr 1483, ASS, Balia, 509, 72. Claims that he can be of greater use to the Sienese Balia in Rome, interceding with Sixtus, than if he were in Siena: G B Cibo to the Balia of Siena, 24 Apr 1483, ASS, Balia, 509, 77. Andrea Piccolomini sent as an envoy to C: 28 Apr 1483, ASS, Balia, 28, 25. Takes up the Sienese offer that he should nominate a podestà: G B Cibo to the Signoria of Siena, 11 May 1483, ASS, Conc, 2052, 36. Girolamo Riario declares that he does not want Cardinals Barbo, Savelli, Costa or Cibo for pope and will use force to prevent their election if necessary: 18 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 288.

Bibliog: DBI, 62, 450-60

 

Cibo, Maurizio d. 1491

Ref: Pope Innocent’s brother, recommended for a safeconduct as he wants to visit the Florentine church of SS Annunziata to fulfil a vow: M Panichi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 8 May 1485, MAP, 39, 166.

Bibliog: DBI, 25, 257-8

 

Cibo-Mari, Lorenzo, cardinal d. 1503

Career: Sonof Domenico de Mari; kinsman of Innocent VIII; archbishop of Benevento, 1485-1503; cardinal, 1489.

Ref: Canon of St Peters and brother of Pope Innocent; it is thought that he will get a cardinal’ s hat: 29 Aug 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 93.

Bibliog: DBI, 25, 275-7

 

Cicinello, Antonio d. 1485

Career: Neapolitan courtier who undertook numerous diplomatic missions, the last of which was to Siena in 1480.

Refs: The duchess [Bona] distrusts C and does not want him as Neapolitan ambassador at Milan: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 8 Apr 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 176-9. C is waiting at Viterbo to go as ambassador to Venice if necessary: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 15 Apr 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 181-2. C arrived at Siena on 24 Apr and might come as far as Florence: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 26 Apr 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 299. C has been in Rome after returning from Gubbio, where he spoke with Federico da Montefeltro; he spent yesterday with the pope trying to persuade him to withdraw from the Pesaro venture; he also saw Girolamo Riario and found him determined to continue with it; now C has left for Naples: A Ridolfi in Rome to the Otto, 15 June 1480, Otto, Resp, 1, 21. Witness to the League signed between Naples, Milan, Florence and Ferrara, 25 July 1480: Lettere, V, 299. With Antonello Petrucci, Antonio Carafa and Marco Ferillo, appointed to a commission to look at Milanese proposals regarding the restituion of Florentine land occupied by the Sienese: G G Sforza to F Sacramoro, 29 Jan 1481, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 302. Was with papal troops near Perugia but has now gone towards Marche: Lorenzo de’ Medici to [F Gaddi and P Capponi], 18 Oct 1482, Lettere, VII, 126. One of three men Ferrante asked to consider what should be done at the forthcoming diet: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 10 Feb 1483, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. Adviser to Ferrante: 10 Jan 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 201. On behalf of Alfonso d’Aragona discusses the business of Roberto di Sanseverino with Giovanni Lanfredini: 28 Apr 1485, Dieci, Resp, 34, 69. Murdered by rebels at l’Aquila: 3 Oct 1485, MAP, 26, 459.

Bibliog: DBI, 25, 389-92

 

Cimiselli, Jacopino

Ref: Modenese podestà of Lucca: Lettere, VI, 122.

 

Cinni, Matteo

Refs: Antonio da Montecatini tries to borrow money from C and from Carlo Borromei on behalf of Ercole d’Este: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 12 June 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. C and Borromei are to give 1,000 ducats now, and 1,000 in two months’ time; C is said to be a ‘compagno’ of Borromei and not his ‘garzone’, so Antonio should continue to press him: E d’E ste to Antonio da Montecatini, 19 June 1482, ASMo, cit. Ercole is sending a man to collect 2,000 ducats ‘che vi ha ad far dare Matteo Cini’ for the remaining 4,000 of the letter of exchange to Borromei: E d’Este to Antonio da Montecatini 26 June 1482, ASMo, cit.

 

Cino

Refs: In comments on the Sienese exiles, mentioned as having received 500 ducats from the pope’s secretary: G A Vespucci to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 3 Nov 1483, MAP, 39, 39. A Sienese present at the diet held at Imola between Girolamo Riario, Gaspare di Sanseverino, Lucio and Marcantonio Malvezzi; later told Cardinal Piccolomini that the exiles would return to Siena in a few months and that Siena would lose her liberty: 22 Apr 1485, Dieci, Resp, 34, 53.

 

Cinughi, Cino

Ref: A Sienese exile trying to return home: 20 Apr 1485, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, II, V, 15, 232.

 

Cinughi, Pier Antonio

Ref: Among those who accompanied Lorenzo to Cafaggiuolo for his meeting with Galeotto Manfredi: ------, 7 Feb 1483, ASMa, AG, 2189; Lettere, VII, 188.

 

Ciofi, Andrea

Refs: Representative of the Pescioli bank; connected with the sale of the Medici palace in Milan: J Guicciardini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1 Aug 1486, MAP, 39, 538. Had received 8,000 lire, the second half of the sale price: J Guicciardini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 18 Aug 1486, MAP, 39, 549.

 

Cipolla, Carlo del

Ref: His arrival at Pitigliano: 24 Apr 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 1-3.

 

Ciri, Cirio (Cyrro/Scirro Scirri) d. 1484

Career: Leading engineer/architect, who served Federico da Montefeltro and Alfonso d’Aragona. At the siege of Otranto, 1481.

Refs: Lorenzo had written to Ottaviano Ubaldini asking him to send C to Ercole d’Este: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 25 Nov 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Ercole wants C to come to Ferrara; Ubaldini will do all he can to see that he does so: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 8 Dec 1482, ASMo, cit. Antonio da Montecatini had repeated Ercole’s request for C to be sent by Ubaldini: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’ Este, 13 Dec 1482, ASMo, cit. The Florentines want Alfonso d’A ragona to send C, his engineer, for the Sarzana impresa: Otto to B Buongirolami and J Guicciardini, 18 Feb 1484, Otto, LC, 3, 20-1. Alfonso’s master engineer wanted by the Otto for the Sarzana impresa: 9 Aug 1484, Otto, Miss, 3, 87. Is dead: 19 Aug 1484, Otto, Miss, 3, 92-3. After his decease, Alfonso d’A ragona gives C’s son to Florence in his stead: 23 Aug 1484, Otto, Miss, 3, 93-4.

 

Citerna, Roberto di Dionigi

Ref: A man from Borgo S Sepolcro coming with a plan for the defence of a tower at the port of Livorno: 22 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 238.

 

Cittadini, Francesco

Career: Sea consul, Sept 1474-Mar 1475. One of the 12 Procuratori, Oct 1482-Apr 1483, suggesting that he was already a member of the Council of 70. Member of the Otto di Custodia, July-Oct 1484.

Ref: In the consulta, agreed with Lorenzo: 29 May 1482, Min, 11, 365-7.

 

Clanti, Niccolò di Pietro

Ref: Lawyer mentioned in the capitoli and submission of Pietrasanta: Lettere, VIII, 320, 333-4.

 

Clugny, Ferry de, cardinal 1410-1483

Career: Chancellor of the Order of the Golden Fleece, from 1473; bishop of Tournai 1473-83; cardinal 1480.

Refs: Along with Cardinals Estouteville, Borgia, Giuliano della Rovere, Costa, Riario-Sansoni and Gonzaga, appointed to discuss peace terms with the Spanish ambassadors: Cardinal Gonzaga to Federico Gonzaga, 30 Oct 1482, ASMa, AG, 846, 507r-8v; Lettere, VII, 527. One of six cardinals so appointed, Gonzaga not being listed: L Lanti at Rome to Balia of Siena, 5 Nov 1482, ASS, Balia 506, 34. One of six cardinals deputed by Sixtus to handle the peace negotiations; this list matches Lanti’s: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 7 Nov 1482, ASMo, ASE, Firenze 3, 186.

Bibliog: DBF, IX, 51; Cerioni, I, 166-7

 

Cocchi, Antonio

Ref: Together with Niccolò Tegrimi, is dealing with the border dispute between Lucca and Barga: Lettere, VI, 24 and 56.

 

Colla da Iesi

Ref: Infantry constable for Florence in the Pietrasanta campaign: Dieci, Resp, 32, 356, 27 Oct 1484.

 

Collenuccio, Pandolfo

Refs: Secretary and chancellor of Costanzo Sforza sent to inform the Florentines that Costanzo was close to the sons of Cecco Ordelaffi and sought Florentine aid for an attack on Forlì: Otto to A Biliotti, 16 May 1480, Sig, Miss 1a Canc, 48, 33 and Otto, LC, 1, 9. Left Florence for Pesaro with a copy of Costanzo’s condotta, 31 Aug 1481: Lettere, VI, 44-5. Was soon back in Florence with a letter from Costanzo (MAP, 138, 225) and left again on 7 Sept with 5,000 ducats for him: F Sacramoro to G G Sforza, 7 Sept 1481, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 303. Another of his journeys from Florence to Pesaro: M Sacramoro to G G Sforza, 27 May 1483, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 306.

 

Colleoni, Tommaso

Refs: Arrived in Venice yesterday as papal emissary: 6 Feb 1485, ASV, Sen Secr, 32, 129. At the Roman court had the title of French ambassador: 8 Feb 1485, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 97. Papal emissary to Venice: 12 Mar 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 465.

 

Colli, Girolamo de’

Ref: Chancellor of Guido de’ Rossi in Venice, Oct 1482: ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 142-3; Lettere, VII, 128.

 

Colombini, Ioseph (Giuseo da Parma)

Career: Responsible for warning Lorenzo of a Neapolitan conspiracy in Nov 1478. At Lorenzo’s request he received the office of commissario del salso in Piacenza in Apr 1479, renewed in Aug 1481.

Refs: Pandolfini thinks Bona Sforza is anxious to do something for ‘Giuseo da Parma’, at Lorenzo’ s request; however, there is great opposition here; people are saying he is not suitable for that office; finally, they decided to give it to him only if he would give securities ‘a stare a sindicato’; since this is unheard of for that office, ‘Giuseo’ concluded he would be constantly molested while exercising it, and therefore refused it: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 22 May 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 215-16. C has been given what ‘you’ asked, but it required quite an effort: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 4 June 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 228-9. Arrived in Rome on 1 Dec, sent by Federico Gonzaga: J Colombini to F Gonzaga, 4 Dec 1482, ASMa, AG, 846. Appeal on behalf of C: Lorenzo de’ Medici to G G Sforza, 16 Jan 1483, Lettere, VII, 177-8. Captain of the Florentine contado, coming to the camp with sixty provvisionati: 6 Oct 1484, Dieci, Miss, 21, 52. Captain of the Florentine contado: 18 Dec 1484, Dieci, Miss, 22, 49. Sent to Barga with his company to repress civil unrest there: 24 Feb 1486, Dieci, Delib, 24, 157.

 

Colonna, Caterina di Stefano

Ref: Recommendation of C to the captain of Cortona: Lorenzo de’ Medici to S Ceffini, 24 Mar 1485, MAP, 39, 193.

 

Colonna, Giovanni, cardinal c. 1450/60-1508

Career: Son of Antonio Colonna, prince of Salerno, and of Imperiale di Stefano Colonna; brother of Prospero Colonna. Cardinal, 1480. June 1482-Nov 1483, imprisoned by Sixtus in Castel S Angelo, together with Cardinal G B Savelli and Marino Savelli, for his Neapolitan connections in time of war between Sixtus and the League.

Refs: His imprisonment featured in the terms of the peace treaty between Sixtus and the League, 12 Dec 1482: Lettere, VII, 485, 489 and 496. Cardinal Borgia offered him 25,000 ducats and the badia of Subiaco to support his candidacy for the papacy: 18 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 288. A member of Giuliano della Rovere’s party, he voted against going to the papal funeral if Castel S Angelo were not consigned to the College of Cardinals: 21 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 292. Received furnishings from Cardinal Cibo’s house: 30 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 306. Received the castello of Ceperano from Innocent; it is in the Campagna but well sited with respect to other terre belonging to the Colonna; Innocent has given him Deifobo dall’A nguillara in guardia; the Colonna have got back Ronciglione: 1 Sept 1484, MAP, 39, 308. Urged Innocent to give the captaincy of the Church to Giovanni della Rovere: 5 Nov 1484, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 96. Recommend Lorenzo to C as a parente: Lorenzo de’ Medici to Piero de’ Medici, 26 Nov 1484, Lettere, VIII, 76. C and Giuliano della Rovere have a plot against Cardinal Orsini: Lorenzo de’ Medici to J Guicciardini in Milan, 16 Mar 1486, Lettere, IX, 204-5.

Bibliog: DBI, 27, 342-4

 

Colonna, Girolamo d. 1482

Ref: Illegitimate half-brother of Cardinal Giovanni Colonna who was killed in an attack on the Della Valle palace in Rome: Pontano, 5; Lettere, VI, 336.

 

Colonna, Lorenzo Oddone d. 1484

Career: Protonotary whose imprisonment and death was one of the most violent expressions of the Orsini-Colonna conflict in the 1480s.

Refs: Alfonso d’Aragona wants to speak to C: Alfonso d’Aragona to Ferrante, 30 May 1482, Pontano, 123-6. C and Prospero Colonna are with Alfonso; they have a plan to enter Rome, seize the eastern side of the city and take the bridges: Alfonso d’Aragona from the camp at Grottaferrata to Ferrante, 6 June 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 239. Is to take money and infantry from Naples for the defence of the Colonna lands: Neapolitan military provisions after Campomorto, 24 Aug 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 240. Is with Alfonso in Naples: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 24 Aug 1482, ASMi, cit. Ferrante warmly welcomed C and promised him the archbishporic of Benevento: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 25 Aug 1482, ASMi, cit. Joined Alfonso d’Aragona; has been very well received: F Gaddi in Naples to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 27 Aug 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 138-40. Was in the camp with Alfonso when Giordano Orsini came to negotiate; it is said that he confided his family’s affairs to Ferrante: G F Cagnola at S Lorenzo to G G Sforza, 14 Nov 1482, ASMi, cit. Is to be given an archbishopric in the Regno and other benefices to the value of the archbishopric of Benevento, which he is to relinquish: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 12 Dec 1482, ASMi, cit. Alfonso supported C in his dispute with Florentine citizens over benefices; Sixtus agreed to support C: F Gaddi to the Dieci, 30 Dec 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 195-6. Ferrante sent an envoy to C and Giovanni Colonna, to urge them to relinquish Tagliacozzo and Albi to Virginio Orsini, offering to repay the 14,000 ducats they had paid for the counties and threatening to foment rebellion among their men if they do not agree: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 16 Apr 1483, ASMi, cit. Has refused to sign the agreement with the Orsini: Otto to G A Vespucci, 13 Mar 1484, Otto, LC, 2, 16-17. Captured after the Orsini siege of the Colonna palaces in Rome: G A Vespucci to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1 June 1484, MAP, 39, 206. Has been arrested in Rome and put in Castel S Angelo: Z Saggi to Federico Gonzaga, 4 June 1484, ASMa, AG, 1628. Declared a rebel of the Church and guilty lèse majesté during the War Ferrara; then pardoned; could again lose all his benefices: 12 June 1484, Otto, Miss, 2, 38-9. His death and Girolamo Riario’s opposition to him: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 5 July 1484, Lettere, VII, 428. His death: 9 July 1484, Otto, Miss, 2, 47.

 

Colonna, Prospero 1452-1523

Career: Son of Antonio Colonna, prince of Salerno, and of Imperiale di Stefano Colonna; brother of Cardinal Giovanni Colonna. An important condottiere who featured prominently in the Neapolitan and Spanish cause during the Italian Wars.

Refs: Is negotiating with Alfonso d’Aragona, partly because of his hatred of Jacopo Conti, who was high in favour with Girolamo Riario: F Ricci from Alfonso’s camp at Paterno to G G Sforza, 17 May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 239. At first C served Sixtus, but then he was treated so shabbily that he went over to Alfonso: May 1482, Infessura, 90. Yesterday, C came to Auricula and offered his services to Ferrante and the League: F Ricci to G G Sforza, 29 May 1482, ASMi, cit. Yesterday C came over to the League: Alfonso d’Aragona to Ferrante, 30 May 1482, Pontano, 123-6. Has been given Tagliacozzo by Ferrante and is to be given 12,000 ducats p a for ninety men-at-arms and fifteen mounted archers: F Ricci from Alfonso of Calabria’s camp at Campo Pietro in Agro Romano to G G Sforza, 30 May 1482, ASMi, cit. Had agreed terms with Sixtus for a condotta for three squadrons and received his prestanza before he went over to Naples: S Ottieri and L Lanti in Rome to the Signoria of Siena, 3 June 1482, ASS, Conc, 2048, 33. Is with Alfonso; C and Lorenzo Oddone Colonna have a plan to enter Rome, seize the eastern side of the city and the Tiber bridges: Alfonso d’Aragona to Ferrante, 6 June 1482, ASMi, cit. Sent by Alfonso, who trusted him to secure the Colonna castles, when Alfonso d’Aragona feared a possible reconciliation between Sixtus and the Colonna: F Gaddi to P Capponi, 14 Nov 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 179-81. Innocent sent C with bombards and troops to Civita Lavinia: 23 Feb 1486, Dieci, Resp, 33, 395.

Bibliog: DBI, 27, 418-26

 

Colucci, Leonardo di Niccolo

Ref: One of the orators representing Pietrasanta in the capitoli of the same: Lettere, VIII, 320.

 

Combero

Ref: Murdered relative or associate of a captain called Tommaso: 7 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 429.

 

Comi, Giovanni Giuliano Agostino

Ref: Cassiere of the camera and camerlengo of the Dieci: 30 June 1486, Dieci, Delib, 30, 170.

 

Commynes, Philippe de (Comines), monsignor d’Argenton c. 1447-1511

Career: Statesman and historian who defected from the service of Charles the Bold of Burgundy to that of Louis XI of France in 1472. His famous memoirs cover his career up to 1498.

Refs: On 20 Jan 1483 Lorenzo wrote to Louis XI, C and others in France, but only the letter to Imbert de Batarnay survives. The danger to C of an accord between Charles VIII and the duke of Bourbon: 22 Oct 1485, MAP, 26, 466. Creditor of the libro secreto of the Medici bank: MAP, 39, 557. Will go to court soon with the duke of Bourbon to settle his affairs: 11 July 1486, MAP, 39, 532.

Bibliog: DBF, 9, 385-8

 

Cone, messer

Ref: Mandatory of the priors of Montepulciano to settle the quarrel between Montepulciano and Chianciano: 17 Mar 1485, Dieci, Resp, 33, 544.

 

Contarini, Giovan Vettore

Career: Venetian Visdomino in Ferrara, 1481-2, who controversially raised problems about trade in the Polesine.

Refs: Had possessions in the Ferrarese at Massa Fiscaglia: E d’Este to E de’ Nobili, 17 Mar 1482, ASMo, Venezia, 2. Has been approached by a Ferrarese noble offering to admit Venetian troops to Ferrara: 24 Sept 1482, ASV, Dieci, Misti, 20, 202. He is with Roberto di Sanseverino advising on the campaign: 13 Oct 1482, ASV, Sen Secr, 20, 128. Is involved as a go-between for Francesco Ariosto and Venice: 30 Dec 1482, ASV, Dieci, Misti, 21, 38.

 

Conte di Rapolano (Niccolò di ser Alo, conte di Rapolano)

Career: A member of the Sienese Monte dei Nove; exiled from Siena 24 Apr 1483. Caught in Florentine territory and given to the Sienese authorities by order of the Dieci. Lorenzo knew nothing of this and appealed for his life to be spared.

Refs: His condotta for the guard of Monteriggioni is renewed: 10 Sept 1482, ASS, Balia, 26, 98. Has been arrested in Valdichiana; the Dieci are willing to hand him over to Siena: T Biringhucci in Florence to the Balia of Siena, 20 July 1483, ASS, Balia, 512, 70. The Balia ask for him to be brought to Siena: 21 July 1483, ASS, Balia, 29, 45. C has continually been intriguing with the Sienese exiles: Balia of Siena to B de’ Ricasoli, 21 July 1483, ASS, Balia, 404, 145. The Balia orders the examination of ‘Niccolaum Ser Alo alias conte di rapolano’: 30 July 1483, ASS, Balia, 29, 53. The Florentine Signoria asks the Sienese Signoria to spare C’s life: 6 Aug 1483, ASS, Conc, 2053, 5. The Sienese want to know how much Florence really cares about C before his fate is finally decided: Balia of Siena to T Biringhucci, 10 Aug 1483, ASS, Balia, 404, 178-9. Florentine representations on his behalf are promoted by someone in Siena: T Biringhucci to the Balia of Siena, 12 Aug 1483, ASS, Balia, 513, 66. An appeal on behalf of C: Lorenzo de’ Medici to the Balia of Siena, 15 Aug 1483, Lettere, VII, 300-1. A previous report was mistaken; Lorenzo really does want C to be spared: T Biringhucci to the Balia of Siena, 15 Aug 1483, ASS, Balia, 513, 80. C’s death sentence has been revoked at the request of Lorenzo and Florence; he is to be imprisoned for life: 16 Aug 1483, ASS, Balia, 30, 15. Lorenzo supports the desire of C’s wife that he be released: Lorenzo de’ Medici to the Balia of Siena, 20 Sept 1485, Lettere, VIII, 293.

 

Conti, Achille

Ref: Sienese ambassador to Rome: 19 Oct 1484, ASS, Conc, 2417, 59.

 

Conti, Elena di Giovanni d. 1504

Career: m Nicola Orsini, 1467.

Refs: Is keeping Florence informed about the movements of the Sienese exiles: T Biringhucci to the Balia of Siena, 20 Aug 1483, ASS, Balia, 514, 2. The Otto write to her regarding the arrival of Giovan Francesco di Sanseverino at Pitigliano: 12 Jan 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 90. Giovan Francesco orders her to declare war in the Pitigliano area: 21 Feb 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 113-14. The Otto are sending Baccio Ugolini to her regarding the ropture: 25 Feb 1486, Otto, Miss, 4,117. Nicola Orsini instructs C, his wife, to consign the citadels of Pitigliano and Sorana to whoever she is instructed to do so by Lorenzo: 28 Feb 1486, Dieci, Resp, 33, 415. Her quarrel with the count of S Fiore over ownership of Torre di Montorio; the Dieci say that Lorenzo’s decision on this is final: 16 May 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 26-8.

 

Conti, Giovanni, cardinal 1414-1493

Career: Son of Grato di Ildebrandino Conti; brother of Giacomo Conti. Archbishop of Conza, 1455-84; cardinal, 1483. Close to Girolamo Riario and the Orsini.

Refs: Is doing well in the race for the papacy: 25 Aug 1484, MAP, 55, 38. Piero de’ Medici should recommend himself to C because he is a parente of Cardinal Orsini: Lorenzo de’ Medici to Piero de’ Medici, 26 Nov 1484, Lettere, VIII, 76. Sends an emissary to persuade Virginio Orsini to make a deal with Innocent: 1 Mar 1486, Dieci, Resp, 33, 423. Is asked by Jacopo Conti and Pietro Guevara to get Innocent to arrange deal between Guevara and Alfonso d’Aragona: 29 Aug 1486, Dieci, Miss, 6, 75-6.

Bibliog: DBI, 28, 417-19

 

Conti, Girolamo d. c. 1501

Career: Bishop of Massa, 1483-1501.

Refs: Nipote of Bruno Conti; had indicated he might come over to Ferrante; Bruno hopes he will be a cardinal: G F Cagnola at S Lorenzo to G G Sforza, 11 Nov 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. Negotiating with Alfonso d’Aragona: F Gaddi to P Capponi, 14 Nov 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 179-81. Is sending someone to take possession of the bishopric of Massa: G Conti to the Signoria of Siena, 27 Sept 1483, ASS, Conc, 2053, 48. Is a member of Cardinal Riario-Sansoni’s household; has already sold his protonotaryship, so cannot relinquish Massa: G A Vespucci in Rome to the Signoria of Siena, 27 Sept 1483, ASS, Conc, 2053, 48. Thanks for giving possession of Massa to C: R Riario-Sansoni to the Signoria of Siena, 17 Nov 1483, ASS, Conc, 2053, 85. Thanks for Massa; offers his services: G Conti to the Signoria of Siena, 18 Nov 1483, ASS, Conc, 2053, 85.

 

Conti, Jacopo Giacomo (Conte) d. c. 1500

Career: Son of Grato di Ildebrandino Conti; brother of Cardinal Giovanni Conti. A leading condottiere, who saw early action against the Angevins in Naples in 1460. Fought for the Church in the Pazzi War, and again in the War of Ferrara, first against Naples and later against Venice.

Refs: A Neapolitan captain commanding troops in Tuscany: Milanese orators in Rome to G G Sforza, 26 Nov 1481, ASMi, SPE, Roma, 90. His contract with Sixtus: PF Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 32 Dec 1481, MAP, 51, 74. Virginio Orsini was irritated because C and Nicola Orsini obtained better conditions than his: P F Pandolfini to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 19 Jan 1482, MAP, 51, 20. C’s part in the mobilisation of papal forces: G Tornabuoni in Rome to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 5 Mar 1482, MAP, 38, 164. ‘Jacopo Conte è signore molto costumato e discreto’: L Guicciardini and F Dini at Colle, 31 Mar 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 104. Wanted a letter of recommendation to Ercole d’Este for a condotta; had been with Gian Francesco di Sanseverino: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 2 May 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Currently Girolamo Riario’s right-hand man: F Ricci from Alfonso d’Aragona’s camp at Paterno to G G Sforza, 17 May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 239. Federico da Montefeltro wants C lured into service with the League: G G Sforza to G A Cotta, 1 June 1482, ASMi, SPE, Ferrara, 328. In Riario’s camp at Rome: 5 June 1482, Pontani, 74; Infessura, 92. Lorenzo’s letter in commendation of C; Ercole d’Este offers half a condotta: E d’Este to Antonio da Montecatini, 19 June 1482, ASMo, cit. Captured the troops Alfonso d’Aragona sent to try to keep Montefortino when Prospero Conti wanted to surrender it to Sixtus; took possession of Montefortino: 14 Aug 1482, Pontano, 13. At Velletri, skirmishing with Alfonso’s troops: G F Cagnola to G G Sforza, 15 Aug 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 240. Ferrante has sent an envoy to him, at his request and that of Virginio Orsini; Ferrante hopes to win them over: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 9 Sept 1482, ASMi, cit. There is thought to be good chance of winning him over to the League because he has lost hope of his son becoming a cardinal, since it has been promised to Girolamo Conti: ambassadors of the League in Naples, 14 Sept 1482, ASMi, cit. Has sent a message via Angelo da Campobasso to say that Girolamo Riario and the Venetian ambassador have quarrelled: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 1 Oct 1482, ASMi, cit. With Giordano Orsini, is being left with a few squadrons to guard the Neapolitan frontier, while the bulk of the papal army moves north: Cardinal Gonzaga in Rome to Federico Gonzaga, 3 Oct 1482, ASMa, AG, 846. His demands for the terms of a condotta with Naples are considered extravagant: F Gaddi to the Dieci, 9 Oct 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 164-5. Giacomo Conti ‘di Montefortino’ (Valmontone?) had tried to take the fortress of ‘Montefortino’ but was forced to retreat when the expected help did not arrive: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 31 Oct 1482, ASMi, cit. Is negotiating with Alfonso d’Aragona about the possible surrender of the Conti castles: F Gaddi to P Capponi, 14 Nov 1482, Sig, X, VIII, 63, 179-81. Arrived at Alfonso’s camp, saying he had heard via Girolamo Conti that peace been concluded in Rome: G F Cagnola to G G Sforza, 18 Apr 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. To be set to Ferrara with twenty men-at-arms: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 20 Dec 1482, ASMo, cit. Says he would like to serve Siena: L Lanti in Rome to the Signoria of Siena, 18 Jan 1483, ASS, Conc, 2054, 43. Will leave Rome shortly: F Gaddi in Rome to N Michelozzi, 26 Apr 1483, MAP, 96, 134. His sixty(?) men-at-arms will remain in the Romagna: list of papal troops, 22 July 1483, Dieci, Resp, 28, 300. To be sent to Ferrara by Girolamo Riario with twenty-five squadrons: E d’Este to Antonio da Montecatini, 10 Sept 1483, ASMo, cit. Ludovico Sforza is worried about C’s loyalty and has written to Rome asking that he be kept happy: Dieci to B Buongirolomi, 12 Dec 1483, Dieci, LC, 5, 273-5.

Removed from the palace guard and ordered to go to Ronciglione with seven of Girolamo Riario’s squadre: 24 Aug 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 69. Removed from the papal palace guard: 25 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 555. Both Guidantonio Vespucci and Pier Filippo Pandolfini have high a opinion of his military skills and Vespucci is trying to hire him, but he desires papal employment: 16 Nov 1484, MAP, 39, 383. Is the closest counsellor of Giovanni della Rovere: 17/18 Nov 1484, MAP, 39, 384. Vespucci is trying to hire him for Florence: 5 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 396. Innocent and Giuliano della Rovere are putting great pressure on him to sign a condotta with the Church: 13 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 401. Demands as much as Nicola Orsini is receiving; if Orsini is not serving, C wants 10,000 ducats in peace and 15,000 in war, plus 2,000 ducats for his two sons: 20 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 407. Vespucci is waiting for the Dieci’s decision regarding C’s condotta: 12 Jan 1485, MAP, 39, 60. Innocent has effectively hired him: 13 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 144. The Dieci have no hope of hiring C: 19 Jan 1485, Dieci, Miss, 23, 13. Vespucci writes regarding the hiring of C’s son: 28 Feb 1485, MAP, 39, 92. Innocent sends C and Agostino Fregoso to guard the mountain passes to prevent aid reaching Giovanni Savelli: 7 Mar 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 411. C wants fifteen squadre: 21 Nov 1485, MAP, 124, 9. Asks Cardinal Conti to persuade Innocent to intercede between Pietro Guevara and Alfonso d’Aragona: 29 Aug 1486, Dieci, Miss, 6, 75-6. The Dieci try to discover if the rumour is true that Venice has fired ‘conte Jacopo’ from his condotta: 15 Apr 1486, Dieci, Miss, 6, 43-4.

 

Contughi, Agnolo

Ref: Rebel and medico of Roberto di Sanseverino, involved in the Contugi plot against Volterra: 11 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 400.

 

Contughi, Buonfiglio

Ref: Younger brother of Giovanni Battista Contughi; is being kept in Pisa: 11 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 118.

 

Contughi, Francesco di Ludovico

Refs: His confession to the commissioner Piero Alamanni regarding the plot to return his cousin Geremia Contughi to Volterra: 15 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 397. The Dieci order the podestà of Florence to sentence C, a canon of Volterra, to twenty years in the Stinche for the plot against Florence: 28 Feb 1485, Dieci, Delib, 24, 94. The Dieci instruct the soprastanti alle Stinche to do with C and Thomme di Giovanni whatever Bartolomeo Soderini, vicar of the bishop of Volterra (Francesco Soderini), wants: 2 Apr 1485, Dieci, Delib, 24, 103.

 

Contughi, Geremia

Ref: His plot to return to Volterra with troops: 15 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 397.

 

Contughi, Giuliano

Refs: Conspirators in the Contughi plot met in his house in Siena; together with Vico Tignoselli, arrested in Siena for being part of the Contughi plot: 15 Dec 1484, MAP, 39, 397.

 

Contughi, Giovanni Battista

Refs: Arrested by the Captain of Pisa: 17 Dec 1484, Dieci, Miss, 22, 49. The Dieci order the podestà of Florence to sentence him to banishment for twenty years outside the city and contado of Volterra: 28 Feb 1485, Dieci, Delib, 24, 94-5.

 

Contughi, Giovan Michele

Refs: Brother of Giovanni Battista Contugi: 18 Dec 1484, Dieci, Miss, 22,49. Sent from Pisa to the Florentine Stinche: 11 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 118.

 

Contughi, Matteo

Ref: Ufficiale di custodia at Urbino and informant of Federico Gonzaga, c 1481: Lettere, VI, 74.

 

Coppola, Francesco d. 1487

Career: Son of an Amalfitan merchant. Neapolitan royal treasurer and one of the richest bankers in the Regno, but allied with the rebel barons against Ferrante and Alfonso d’Aragona. Executed together with Antonello Petrucci, 11 May 1487. His son Marco m Maria Piccolomini d’Aragona, daughter of Antonio Piccolomini and granddaughter of Ferrante, in Aug 1486.

Refs: With Alberico Carafa, C informed the Milanese and Florentine orators in Naples of Ferrante’s desire for more subsidies against the Turks: P Nasi in Matera to the Otto, 17 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 237. With Troiolo Caracciolo, apparently had discussions with the Turkish captain in Otranto and discovered the Turkish plan for capturing Naples: G Albino from the camp at Otranto, 26 May 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 276. With Alberico Carafa, arrived at Barolo to consult with Ferrante about Otranto and acquire money for the army: P Nasi to the Otto, 15 June 1481, Otto, Resp, 1, 338-9. Lorenzo had heard nothing from C, who was involved with the Medici bank in Naples: Lorenzo de’ Medici to P F Pandolfini in Naples, 11 Feb 1482, Lettere, VI, 261. Ferrante sent C to speak to the ambassadors about the prohibition on the export of grain to Venice: B Castiglioni, P Capponi and B Bendedei, ambassadors of the League at Naples, 2 Mar 1483, ASMi, SPE, Napoli, 241. After C and other merchants petitioned him, Ferrante allowed them to ship grain to Venice; C is treasurer and farmer of royal revenues and has business associations with most of the merchants: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 3 Mar 1483, ASMi, cit. Has been sent to the ambassadors to try to justify the king’s permission to export grain to Venice: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 5 Mar 1483, ASMi, cit. His ship loaded with 20,000 tumuli of grain is to go to Ferrara via Pisa: B Castiglioni to G G Sforza, 28 Mar 1483, ASMi, cit. In four or five years C made a fortune of 2-300,000 ducats: 9 Dec 1484, G Lanfredini, Copialettere, BNF, LC, II, V, 15, 184. A grain ship of his arrives at Piombino; Jacopo d’A ppiano buys 800 tomboli of it; C and Jacopo have business and accounts together: 9 Apr 1485, MAP, 39, 423. His arrest: 20 Aug 1486, Dieci, Miss, 7, 90.

Bibliog: DBI, 28, 645-8

 

Corbinelli, Bernardo di Tommaso b. c. 1413

Career: Appointed patron of Levant galley, Mar 1457. Patron of one of the galleys due to sail to the East: 1458/9. These galleys arrived in Constantinople in May 1460. Sea consul in Pisa, Dec 1463-June 1464. Commissary to the camp, Sept/Nov 1469. Commissary in Volterra, 1471. Original deputy for S Spirito in the Balia of 1471. Member of the Dieci di Balia, Dec 1479-1480 (or at least Oct 1483). Member of the first half of the Council of 70, 1480. Member of the Otto di Pratica, Apr-Oct 1481. 1480 Catasto: Nicchio; sostanze 1,123 fl.

 

Corbinelli, Ruggiero di Nicolo di Bartolomeo de’

Career: Prior, May/June 1471. One of the 12 Procuratori (and therefore a member of the Council of 70?), Oct 1482-Apr 1483, Oct 1483-Apr 1484. Accoppiatore for the scrutiny of 1484. Podestà of Pisa, June-Dec 1489.

 

Corbizzi, Antonio

Ref: Florentine commissioner in the Senese: 12 Jan 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 90.

 

Corbizzi, Giovan Battista

Ref: Involved in the murder committed by the son of Gherardo Guardi: 26 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 450.

 

Corbizzi, Corbizzo di Giovanni, da Castrocaro

Career: Florence’s expert on the affairs of Faenza.

Refs: C had offered Galeotto Manfredi 16,000 fl in Florence’s name: G F Salarolo in Forlì to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 10 May 1480, MAP, 38, 21. The Signoria had heard indirectly that Ferrante shared their opinion about hiring Manfredi; therefore, C was to encourage Manfredi to be patient, as they were sure his affair would be concluded shortly: Signoria of Florence to C Corbizzi, 13 May 1480, Sig, Miss 1a Canc, 48, 30. Manfredi seemed well disposed towards the condotta and had gone to his retreat at Salarolo to work out the terms: C Corbizzi to the Otto, 23 May 1480, Otto, Resp, 1, 24. Is in Florence with Manfredi’s representative, Andrea da Bresigello, to particpate in negotiations over Manfredi’s condotta; he and Andrea insisted that Manfredi would accept no less than 18,500 fl for five years’ ferma, and indicated that others had offered him 20,000 for five years and a remission of censi: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 29 May 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 299. After discussing the condotta with Lorenzo, C returned to Faenza to put further proposals to Manfredi: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 30 May 1480, ASMi, cit. He returned to Florence on 3 June and reported that Manfredi agreed with nearly all the proposals: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 3 June 1480, ASMi, cit. The stipulation of Manfredi’s condotta was then agreed and C returned to Faenza to report and to give Manfredi Lorenzo’s message, urging him to work with Lucrezia Pico to bring Forlì onto the League’s side: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 6 June 1480, ASMi, cit. The dukes were pleased that Lorenzo sent C to Manfredi ‘per la pratica di Forlì’: Bona and G G Sforza to F Sacramoro, 10 June 1480, ASMi, cit. C has reported on the feelings of the leaders at Forlì and events there: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 17 June 1480, ASMi, cit. Regarding the Manfredi mission: Signoria of Florence to C Corbizzi, 17 June 1480, Sig, Miss 1a Canc, 48, 80. C and Francesco da Casate were negotiating with Manfredi for a deal with Cecco Ordelaffi’s sons because Lucrezia and Anton Maria Pico had gone over to Sixtus: Bona and G G Sforza to F Sacramoro, 18 June 1480, ASMi, cit. C returned to Florence with news that the ‘capi’ at Forlì did not think the time right for the return of Cecco’s sons: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 25 June 1480, ASMi, cit. Instructed by the Otto to go to Forlì with as little demonstration as possible and congratulate Anton Maria Ordelaffi on his success there; he is not, however, to run any risks in delivering this message and is warned to keep its contents strictly secret: Otto to C Corbizzi, 11 July 1480, Otto, Miss int, 1, 11-12. C had been sent to Cecco’s sons in order to ‘soffiare animo in corpo’: F Sacramoro to Bona and G G Sforza, 14 July 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 300. Commended for having behaved so discreetly in the Forlì affair and warned not to make any provisions [to aid Forlì] until Florence had heard from her allies: Otto to C Corbizzi, 15 July 1480, ------. C has been summoned to go again to Faenza: F Sacramoro to G G Sforza, 26 Feb 1481, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 302. Writes from Castrocaro that he was at Faenza the previous day and reports Manfredi’s complaints about his salary: C Corbizzi to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 10 June 1481, MAP, 38, 214. Has written to Lorenzo that Andrea Bragadin’s chancellor had not been released; the Otto order him to see this is done: Otto to C Corbizzi, 14 June 1482, Otto, Miss int, 3, 76. Reports to Giovanni Battista Ridolfi and to Lorenzo on the situation of Galeotto Manfredi: Dieci, Resp, 33, 198, 17 Jan 1486. Reports to Pier Filippo Pandolfini on the situation of the lord of Faenza: MAP, 39, 483, 17 May 1486.

 

Cordes, monsieur de

Ref: Charles VIII’s general in the war against Maximilian von Habsburg: 11 July 1486, MAP, 39, 532.

 

Corner, Federico

Refs: Venetian Savio del Consiglio, one of those prepared to offer Faenza to Girolamo Riario: 3 July 1482, ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 99. Opposed a state reception for Ascanio Sforza, but was defeated: 29 July 1482, ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 109. Voted for an increase in the Torelli condotta: 17 Aug 1482, ASV, Sen Secr 30, 109. With Francesco Sanuto, appointed provveditore for a new attack on Faenza: 9 Oct 1482, ASV, Sen Secr, 30, 126-7. With Zaccaria Barbaro, elected as one of the Venetian ambassadors for the peace negotiations at Cesena: 2 Apr 1484, Sanudo, Vite dei dogi, II, 440. Venetian ambassador to Roberto di Sanseverino: 5 Apr 1485, ASV, Sen Secr, 32, 139. Urged Roberto on behalf of the Venetian Signoria not to undertake the enterprise of Siena: 27 Apr 1485, Dieci, Resp, 34, 62.

 

Corrado da Filattiera (Fantaguzzo)

Refs: One of Lorenzo’s grooms: Lettere, V, 36.

 

Corsi, Lorenzo

Ref: Captain of S Marcello writes to Lorenzo regarding a case involving men from Lorenzo’s cascina at Poggio: 30 Apr 1486, MAP, 39, 476.

 

Corsi, Peretto (Corso?)

Ref: Has signed on with Virginio Orsini with 150 provisionati: 22 Dec 1485, Otto, Miss, 4, 80-2.

 

Corsini, Amerigo di Bartolomeo b. c. 1442

Career: Poet. m (1) Maddalena di Batolomeo Martelli, (2) Maria di Piero d’Andrea Velenti. Pupil of Marsilio Ficino. Benedetto Dei mentioned him in Lyon in 1469. Prior, 1469 and 1500. Consul of the Arte della Lana, 1482. Camerlengo-generale of Pisa, Mar 1485. Member of the Otto di Guardia e Balia, 1495. Commissary at Pistoia, 1499. 1480 Catasto: Ferza, where he lived with his brothers in via Maggio; partner in a company in Lyon with Giovanni di Michele Falconieri. Little of his work remains except an heroic poem in Latin hexameters in praise of Cosimo de’ Medici the elder, entitled Cosmias. He also wrote a similar poem in praise of Niccolò Martelli, Elogium Amerigi Corsini in Nicolaum Martelium (Maglaibechiana VI, 129).

Ref: A long account of palio in Lucca involving one of Lorenzo’s horses: A Corsini in Pisa to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 16 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 439.

 

Corsini, Bertoldo

Career: Member of the Dieci di Balia, 1480 and of the Council of 70.

 

Corsini, Piero di Bertoldo 1441-1499

Career: m Ginevra di Tanai de’ Nerli. In his youth he was an ardent supporter of the Medici. Prior, 1474. Member of the Otto di Guardia, 1474, 1475, 1492. Vicar of Poppi, 1480. Monte official, Mar 1484-Mar 1488. Joined the Council of 70 in 1480 (replacing his father?). Gonfalonier of Justice; vicar of the Mugello, 1491. Sent to Lucca by the Medici to keep that state faithful in the face of the impending French invasion, 1493. Member of the Dieci di Libertà e Pace, 1494-5. Despite attempts by Piero de’ Medici to suborn him, C definitely changed sides. Sent to Montepulciano as commissary with the army. Returned to Florence sick in 1495. Sent to the camp against the Pisans; notable for his humanity in saving the inhabitants of Palaia from slaughter. Sent to the Mugello, Dec 1494. Sent to strengthen the defences of Livorno against the Pisans, Jan 1496. Member of Dieci di Libertà, Dec 1496. One of the judges of Bernardo del Nero, Aug 1497. In the Savonarolan controversy he was a leader of the Compagnacci and led the party that went to S Marco to arrest the friar. Commissary in the Mugello, facing the Venetians, Sept 1498. In 1499 he was sent to persuade Niccolò Vitelli to reassume the baton and was nominated as one of the commissaries against the Pisans. He made determined efforts to spur Vitelli to decisive action, but was taken ill in the marshes and died in Florence on 25 Aug. Buried in S Spirito.

Refs: Responsible for the renewal of the pact with Lucca: B Rucellai to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 22 Apr 1482, MAP, 51, 127. Lorenzo has written to C recommending a petition of Giovannino da Castello: Lorenzo de’ Medici to N Michelozzi, 21 Apr 1485, Lettere, VIII, 174. Sends Lorenzo wine; at the request of Pier Francesco Avvocati da Lucca, C asks Lorenzo to recommend him for a second term as podestà of Siena: 15 Sept 1485, MAP, 26, 436. A correspondent, Giovanni Giudicioni, keeps C in touch with Lucchese affairs: 2 Oct 1485, MAP, 26, 457.

 

Corso, Fantaguzzo

Refs: G Mannelli has received a very bad report about C: 9 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 72. The Dieci order the arrest of this infantry constable who went over to the Genoese side during the attack on Genoa: 17 Mar 1485, Dieci, Miss, 23, 72-3. Florentine constable who joined the papal forces: 30 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 154.

 

Corso, Franceschetto

Ref: Has retired to Rome ill: 16 Oct 1484, Otto, Miss, 4, 56-7.

 

Corso, Francesco (same as Franco?)

Refs: Florentine constable, sent to Ferrara: Otto to P Capponi in Naples, 23 May 1482, Min, 12, 265-7. Is to be sent to Argenta: Dieci to B Gianfigliazzi, 13 Oct 1482, Dieci, LC, 5, 84. Has left Bagnacavallo to go to Ravenna to take service with Venice: E d’Aragona to Antonio da Montecatini and B Bendedei, 30 Jan 1483, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3.

 

Corso, Franco (same as Francesco?)

Refs: Sent to Ostia with 200 infantry to oppose the Neapolitan galleys that have arrived there: 1 Aug 1482, Pontani, 12. The Orsini are sending him to Alfonso d’A ragona and want him given a post: 21 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 146-8.

 

Corso, Lione

Ref: Recommended by Lorenzo to Alfonso Pitti, vicar of Castro Lari, who, as a result of Lorenzo’s letter, will not proceed against him: 12 May 1485, MAP, 5, 663.

 

Corso, Michele

Ref: Deputed by his colleagues on the Dieci to settle the dispute between the men of Pietrasanta and Seravezza: 27 June 1486, Dieci, Delib, 24, 179.

 

Corso, Napoleone

Refs: Florentine infantry constable and nephew of Pier Andrea Corso: 8 Dec 1484, Dieci, Miss, 22, 38. He and his infantry deputed to embark for the Portovenere expedition: 11 Dec 1484, Dieci, Delib, 24, 80.

 

Corso, Pier Andrea d. c. 1490

Career: A condottiere who was captured by the Venetians in Jan 1483 and served Florence at Pietrasanta in 1484.

Refs: His condotta with Florence renewed: Otto to B Rucellai, 24 July 1482, ------. Has suddenly turned up in Florence; given 200 provvisionati and the same conditions as Pasqua; sent to Castrocaro: Dieci to B Gianfigliazzi, 8 Nov 1482, Dieci, LC, 5, 92-3. Had been returned on provisione; had wanted a condotta, so was given 200 provvisionati: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 8 Nov 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. Left Florence yesterday with 200 provvisionati: Dieci to B Gianfigliazzi, 12 Nov 1482, Dieci, LC, 5, 94. Has been captured; the duke [of Calabria?] has promised that none of the prominent prisoners he holds will be released until C is: A Cambini to D Pucci and the Otto, 12 Mar 1483, Dieci, Resp, 26, 136 and 137. The League is trying to negotiate his release: J Guicciardini in Ferrara to the Dieci, 7 Apr 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 238. Jacopo Guicciardini has been trying to obtain his release by exchange and may give C’s company to others: J Guicciardini to the Dieci, 22 Apr 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 284-5. Has been sent to Venice; may be part of an exchange with Antonio da Marsciano: J Guicciardini to the Dieci, 2 June 1483, Dieci, Resp, 28, 4-5. The Florentinces are negotiating a condotta with him: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 29 Mar 1484, ASMo, cit. An infantry constable for Florence during the Pietrasanta campaign: 19 Sept 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 192. Talked to Lorenzo regarding the place of Cosimo Bartoli for Bernardo Rucellai: 23 Sept 1484, MAP, 48, 264. He and his infantry are to embark for the Portovenere expedition: 11 Dec 1484, Dieci, Delib, 24, 80. C is distrusted by the Spinola as he is a friend to their enemies: 14 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 146. Does not want to go with the fleet, so will be used for the defence of Livorno: 15 Jan 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 157. Hired by Florence with 220 provvisionati and ten mounted archers, and given two whole paghe: 22 Dec 1485, Otto, Miss, 4, 80-2. Sent to join Nicola Orsini: 30 Dec 1485, Dieci, Miss, 6, 4-6. Has left Florence: 30 Dec 1485, Otto, Miss, 4, 87. Hired by Virginio Orsini: 3 Jan 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 88-9.

 

Cortesi, Alberto

Ref: Ferrarese orator in Venice; fled from there in late Jan 1482, when his house was surrounded and three or four of his servants arrested and tortured: orators in Ferrara to orators in Rome: 27 Jan 1482, Otto, Resp, 2, 204-5.

 

Cortigiani, Francesco di Gentile

Career: Prior, Jan/Feb 1470. Captain of Livorno, Apr-Aug 1470. General member of the Balia for S Giovanni, 1471. Captain of Pisa, Mar-Sept 1480. One of the 12 Procuratori (so therefore a member of the Council of 70?), Oct 1482-Apr 1483.

 

Costa, Jorge, cardinal d. 1509

Career: Archbishop of Lisbon, 1464-1500; cardinal, 1476. Based in Rome from 1480.

Refs: The Florentine Signoria authorised the Sea consuls to spend 120 lire on a reception for him: 29 Apr 1480, Sig, Miss 2a Canc, 9, 33. Francesco Gaddi visited C, taking him lamprede and an ombrina and will send him wine; C was pleased with his reception and intends to support ‘our’ case when he gets to Rome; Gaddi briefed him thoroughly on all that had happened: F Gaddi at Pisa to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 6 May 1480, MAP, 38, 19. Papino, Lucrezia Tornabuoni’s chancellor, advises Lorenzo to write to Cardinals Nardini and C ‘pregandoli a dar fine e expeditione in questa santa impresa’, as they are very well inclined; the impresa is not stated: Papino da Artimino in Rome to L Tornabuoni, 2 Oct 1480, MAP, 80, 96. According to the timetable of the Florentine ambassadors in Rome in Nov/Dec 1480, C was the go-between who helped resolve differences of opinion between Sixtus and the ambassadors. Thanks for his help in resolving the whole issue of Florentine submission and absolution: Otto to J Costa, 12 Jan 1481, Sig, Miss 1a Canc, 48, 199. Is disappointed with the outcome of the embassy of the Dodici, the Otto are now sending Guidantonio Vespucci back to Rome and they hope C will continue to help him; confirmation that C had been responsible for Florence’s submission; Vespucci is to visit him: mandate to G A Vespucci, 21 Jan 1481, Sig, LC, 21, 21-2. The Otto are sorry that C had to remind the ambassador of the thirty ducats ‘we’ ordered to be paid before Vespucci left; ‘we’ have repeated the order and are sure they will be paid by mid-month: Otto to G A Vespucci, 10 Feb 1481, Min, 11, 123-5. It was not until 14 Mar that the Otto sent the money, blaming the delay on ‘il caso de’ Cambini’: Otto to G A Vespucci, 14 Mar 1481, Min, 11, 141.

One of seven cardinals appointed to discuss peace terms with the Spanish ambassadors: Cardinal Gonzaga to Federico Gonzaga, 30 Oct 1482, ASMa, AG, 846. One of six cardinals appointed for that purpose: L Lanti in Rome to the Balia of Siena, 5 Nov 1482, ASS, Balia, 506, 34. One of the cardinals appointed to handle the peace negotiations: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 7 Nov 1482, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. An emissary of C is in Venice: 17 May 1483, ASV, Sen Secr, 31, 14-16. The emissary returned to Venice: 10 June 1483, ASV, Sen Secr, 31, 29-31. The Venetians have asked for C to be sent as legate to negotiate peace: ambassadors of the League in Rome, 29 Oct 1483, Dieci, Resp, 29, 264;ASMi, SPE, Roma, 94; ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Roma, 3. C is conducting peace negotiations with Venice; Vespucci is suspicious of this: Otto to G A Vespucci, 3 Jan 1484, Dieci, LC, 2, 1-3. C wanted to send his secretary to Venice, because he suspects Stefano Taleazzi is exceeding his commission; C has asked Sixtus to recall him: G A Vespucci to the Dieici, 5 Jan 1484, Dieci, Resp, 27, 13-14. C suggested the Venetians should be told that, if they wanted peace, they must restore Ferrarese territory: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 7 Jan 1484, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 3. The Venetians have replied to C that they are willing to submit differences between themselves and the League to Sixtus: ambassadors of the League in Rome to the Dieci, 3 Mar 1484, Dieci, Resp, 27, 118-19. The Venetians have proposed that C should go to Venice to lift the interdict, stopping in Ferrara on the way to receive custody of lands taken from Ferrara by Venice; then, with Venetian envoys, he should return to Rome, where peace will be negotiated: Otto to B Buongirolami, 24 Mar 1484, Otto, LC, 3, 36-8. Left Rome yesterday: Otto to B Buongirolami, 31 Mar 1484, Otto, LC, 3, 40. Lorenzo has sent Niccolò Michelozzi to pay respects to C and repeat anything interesting; Lorenzo says C has been ‘benivolo’ to him: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 9 Apr 1484, ASMo, cit. After agreeing to return to Cesena to resume negotiations, C has agreed to go to Venice: M Contughi to E Malatesta, 10 May 1484, R Cessi, ‘Il convegno di Cesena’, 88-91. Has been recalled from Cesena: Otto to B Buongirolami, 2 June 1484, Otto, LC, 3, 67-8. Left Cesena, protesting at the Venetians’ bad faith: S Taverna and L Numai to G G Sforza, 12 June 1484, R Cessi, ‘Il convegno di Cesena’, 93-4.

Backed by Guidantonio Vespucci for the papacy: 15 Aug 1484, MAP, 48, 25. Girolamo Riario is against his candidacy: 18 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 288. C was one of those whom Alfonso d’Aragona and Ludovico Sforza refuse to support for the papacy: 21 Aug 1484, MAP, 39, 292. C and Cardinal Barbo are the most favoured among those cardinals who are not favoured by the League: 22 Aug 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 60. After Barbo, C was among those who got most votes on the first day of the conclave: 4 Sept 1484, MAP, 48, 37. Innocent consults frequently with him: 18 Sept 1484, MAP, 39, 332. C is on the committee of cardinals investigating the precedents for Florence’s nomination of the Perugians as confederati: 26 Nov 1484, Dieci, Resp, 32, 418. On the papal commission regarding preparations to resist the Turk: 2 Feb 1485, Dieci, Resp, 30, 316. Presses the Otto to give Vespucci powers to negotiate: 16 July 1485, Otto, Miss, 3, 152-3.

Bibliog: D S Chambers, ‘What made a Renaissance cardinal respectable? The case of Cardinal Costa of Lisbon’, Renaissance studies, 12, 1, 87-108

 

Costantino

Refs: Scanderbeg’s son; m to a sister of B Giubba, a nipote of Giuliano della Rovere; C has been arrested for trying to get back by force from Innocent the castello of Cerveteri; this could be bad news for Giuliano, for it is thought C would not have tried this without his consent: 17 Apr 1485, Dieci, Resp, 34, 30.

 

Cotta, Giovanni Antonio

Career: Milanese diplomat who served in Ferrara in 1482.

Refs: Is being sent by Milan with the 36,000 ducats, which are due to be handed over to Ferrante’s representatives: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 12 Mar 1481, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 2. Arrived in Florence, but without the money: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 21 Mar 1481, ASMo, cit. 29/30 Mar 1481: attended the restitution ceremonies in Poggibonsi and Colle on behalf of Milan and handed over the Milanese 36,000 ducats to G Albino after the restitution of Colle.

Bibliog: Cerioni, I, 172

 

Cottino, el

Refs: Ludovico Sforza is sending him to raise 500 infantry for Federico Gonzaga; Ludovico thinks very highly of him; ‘e valente e discretto quanto dir si possa raptissimo ad ogni governo’; had been in service of Gonzaga’s father: Z Saggi in Milan to F Gonzaga, 30 Aug 1482, ASMa, AG, 1627. Has been sent: Z Saggi to F Gonzaga, 14 Sept 1482, ASMa, cit. Is in the Milanese contingent with twenty-five men-at-arms: 23 Mar 1486, Dieci, Resp, 33, 583.

 

Covoni, Giovanni di Niccolò b. c. 1393

Career: 1480 Catasto: Ruote; sostanze 1,406 fl.

Ref: Arrives in Florence as an emissary of Piero Capponi: 20 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 86. Accompanies supplies back to Capponi: 24 Mar 1486, Otto, Miss, 4, 151-2.

 

Coza, Giuliano

Ref: Emissary of Virginio Orsini: 2 May 1485, MAP, 26, 359.

 

Cremonino, il

Refs: Infantry commander in Florentine service: Dieci, Miss, 21, 72, 16 Oct 1484. Sent by the Dieci to advise on repairs to a rivellino: Dieci, Miss, I, 21, 220, 30 Dec 1484.

 

Crestina da Ghinea

Ref: Request that this slave be returned to her owner Antonio Giugni: Lorenzo de’ Medici to the Balia of Siena, 12 Dec 1484, Lettere, VIII, 83-4.

 

Cristofano

Refs: Falconer’s boy: Lorenzo de’ Medici to E d’Este, 11 Feb 1481, Lettere, V, 149. Sent to obtain falcons in Bologna: Prot, 140.

 

Cristofano

Refs: Spanish infantry constable serving Florence in the Pietrasanta campaign: Dieci, Miss, 22, 38, 8 Dec 1484. Deputed to embark for the Portovenere campaign: Dieci, Delib, 24, 80, 11 Dec 1484.

 

Cristofano di Guidoccio di Giunta

Career: Leading Sienese political figure; member of the Monte del Popolo. Member of the Balia; standard-bearer, July-Aug 1483. A regular correspondent of Lorenzo de’ Medici.

Refs: One of six citizens elected to see that those forbidden to carry arms in Siena abide by the ruling: ASS, Balia, 26, 7, 16 June 1482. Member of the Balia appointed to ask Cardinal Piccolomini to help convey Antonio Bellanti to the palace: 23 July 1482, ASS, Balia, ------. Appointed to the Balia on 6 Aug after popular unrest: ASS, Balia, 403, 21-2, 7 Aug 1482. One of three citizens appointed to determine when Antonio Bellanti is to be sent to Montalcino: ASS, Balia, 26, 70-1, 13 Aug 1482. Member of the new Balia of thrity-six: ASS, Concistoro, 699, 16, 2 Apr 1483. His great power in Siena: Tizio, Historiarum Senensium, Oct 1484. With Paolo Gherardi, C asks Lorenzo to settle the border disputes between Lucignano and Foiano, and Montepulciano and Chianciano: MAP, 39, 321, 11 Sept 1484. Member of the Balia: Libri commemoriali, V, 290, 23 Sept 1484. Sienese ambassador to Venice: ASV, Sen Secr, 32, 101, 15 Oct 1484. One of three Sienese to whom Lorenzo sends Piero de’ Medici with letters of credence, assurances of good wishes and of his desire to preserve the present regime in Siena: Lorenzo de’ Medici to Piero de’ Medici, 26 Nov 1484, Lettere, VIII, 68-9. Among the principal allies of Lorenzo in Siena: MAP, 39, 78, 7 Feb 1485. Writes to Lorenzo: MAP, 39, 79, 7 Feb 1485. In the Campo with 200 men carrying arms under their cloaks: N Michelozzi and Giovanni Antonio d’Arezzo to Lorenzo de’ Medici, 2 Mar 1486, MAP, 51, 287. Chosen for a fifteen-man electoral committee: Tizio, Historiarum Senensium, Mar 1486. Added to the Balia: Tizio, Historiarum Senensium, 26 Sept 1486.

 

Cristoforo da Cambino

Refs: Is being sent as permanent Milanese orator to Naples: P F Pandolfini in Milan to the Dieci, 3 Apr 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 171. Two of the three Milanese secretaries of state (Luigi Terzago and Jacopo Alfeo) have been dropped and C appointed instead to join the remaining one, Bartolomeo Calco: P F Pandolfini to Dieci, 8 Apr 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 10, 176-9. C’s appointment has created quite a scandal; Calco does not want him; Ludovico Sforza and Roberto di Sanseverino are angry that they were not consulted; the 1^st chancellor, Jacopo Antiquario, has refused to serve under C and presented his resignation: P F Pandolfini to Dieci, 18 Apr 1480, Sig, X, VIII, 184.

 

Cristoforo da Casalmaggiore

Ref: Giovanni Pico’s secretary: Lettere, IX, 284

 

Cristoforo da Montecchio (‘il Porcho’) d. 1484

Refs: Volunteered to defend Castelnuovo with 100 infantry: F Sacramoro to G G Sforza, 5 May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 305. Evidence of treachery by C in a letter: F Sacramoro to G G Sforza, 10 May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 305. His courageous defence of Castelnuovo da Ficarolo, which was captured by Roberto di Sanseverino on 13 May 1482: Zambotti, 106 Not a traitor: F Sacramoro to G G Sforza, 14 May 1482, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 305. Sent to defend Badia Polesine on 19 May: Caleffini, 294. Causing the enemy great trouble, 27 May: Zambotti, 108. Has been negotiating the surrender of the Badia with the Venetians: 30 Aug 1482, ASV, Dieci, Misti, 20, 196. His services as intermediary are recognised by Venice; he is a constable of Milan: 10 Sept 1482, ASV, Dieci, Misti, 20, 199. Has been promised to Ercole d’Este: Z Saggi to Federico Gonzaga, 30 Jan 1484, ASMa, AG, 1628. Captured by the Venetians; brought to Venice on 28 Mar; found dead in prison on 2 June: ?Mar 1484, Sanudo, Vite dei dogi, II, 425-6.

 

Cristoforo da Soncino, maestro

Ref: Federico da Montefeltro’s doctor, from whom news reached Milan of his master’s illness: Z Saggi to Federico Gonzaga, 30 Aug 1482, ASMa, AG, 1627.

 

Crivelli, Ugolotto, count

Ref: Lorenzo is at Cafaggiolo with C, who arrived from Naples last night: F Sacramoro to the dukes of Milan, 9 July 1480, ASMi, SPE, Firenze, 300.

 

Crotto, Jacopo

Refs: Genoese envoy in Florence; met Lorenzo de’ Medici in the Duomo to discuss Sarzana: Antonio da Montecatini to E d’Este, 30 Jan 1481, ASMo, ASE, ambasciatori, Firenze, 2; Lettere, V, 144.

 

Currado da Castello

Ref: Infantry commander in papal service: MAP, 39, 489, 11 May 1486.

 

Cusano, Giovanni Bartolomeo

Career: Protonotary; Milanese ducal councillor.

Refs: Is being sent to Ferrara to reassure Ercole d’Este that he will not be abandoned if Federico da Montefeltro dies: G G Sforza to B Castiglioni, 11 Sept 1482, ASMi, SPE, Napoli. Is leaving for Ferrara to take the place of Sacramoro Sacramori, who has just died: Z Saggi to Federico Gonzaga, 12 Sept 1482, ASMa, AG, 1627. Is being replaced as Milanese envoy in Ferrara: J Guicciardini to Dieci, 1 May 1483, Dieci, Resp, 27, 308-9.

Bibliog: Cerioni, I, 174