RS 1204
Raoul de Soissons (?)
ISe j’ai lonc tans esté en Romenieet outremer fet mon pelerinage,sousfert i ai moult dolereus domage4 et enduré mainte grant maladie;mes or ai pis c’onques n’oi en Surie,que bone amour m’a doné tel malagedont nule foiz la dolour n’asouage,8ains croist adés et double et monteplie,si que la face en ai tainte et palie.
IICar jone dame et cointe et envoisie,douce et plaisant, belle et courtoise et sage12m’a mis ou cuer une si douce rageque j’en oubli le veoir et l’oïe,si comme sil qui dort en letargie,dont nus ne puet esveillier son coraige;16car quant je pens a son tres dous visage,de mon penser aim mielz la compeigniec’onques Tristans ne fist d’Yseu s’amie.
IIIBien m’a Amours feru en droite voine20par .i. resgart plain de douce esperance,dont navré m’a la plus sage de Franceet de biauté la rose soverainne;si me merveil que la plaie ne sainne,24car navré m’a de si douce sanblancec’onques ne vi si tranchant fer de lance;mes [est] sanblant au chant de la seraine,dont la douçours atret dolours et paine.
IV28Si puisse je sentir sa douce alaineet retenir sa simple contenance,que je desir s’amour et s’acointanceplus que Paris ne fist onques Elaine;32et se Amour n’est en moi trop vilainne,ja sanz merci nem ferai penitance,car sa biauté et sa tres grant vaillanceet li biaus vis ou la vi primieraine36m’ont .c. soupirs le jour doné d’estraine.
VCar sa face, qui tant est douce et bele,ne m’a laissié c’une seule pensee,et celle m’est au cuer si enbrasee40que je la sent plus chaude et plus isnelec’onques ne fu ne brese n’estincele;si ne puis pas avoir longue dureese de pitié n’ai ma dame navree,44quant ma chançon li dira la nouvelede la dolour qui pour lui me flaele.
VIChançon, va t’en a Archier qui vielleet a Raoul de Soissons qui m’agree:48di leur c’amours est trop tranchant espee[...]
IEven if I have stayed in the East for a long time and made my pilgrimage overseas, suffering many painful reverses and enduring many grave illnesses, now I am in a worse state than I ever was in the Holy Land, because good love has inflicted on me an affliction whose pain is never assuaged, but instead continues to increase and double and multiply, making my face pale and bloodless.
IIA delightful young lady, merry, sweet and pleasing, beautiful and courtly and virtuous has put such a sweet madness in my heart that it makes me lose my sight and hearing, as one who sleeps lethargically, so that no-one can rouse him to consciousness; for when I think of her most sweet face, I prefer the company of my thoughts more than Tristan ever did of his beloved Yseut.
IIILove has struck me in in the most telling spot through a look full of sweet promise, from which the most virtuous lady of France, and the supreme rose of beauty, has injured me; and I marvel that the injury does not heal, because it has wounded me with such a sweet appearance that I have never seen such a sharp lance-head; it is like the siren’s song, whose sweetness brings pain and suffering.
IVIf only I could feel her sweet breath and take pleasure in her lovely ways, for I long for love and intimacy with her more than Paris longed for Helen; and if Love is not too cruel to me, there will be no pain without recompense, for her beauty and her most great worth and the way she looked so lovely when I saw her for the first time bestowed on me the gift of a hundred sighs a day.
VFor her face, which is so sweet and beautiful, has left me with but a single thought, and this has so inflamed my heart that I feel it more burning and glowing than an ember or a spark; therefore I cannot live long if I fail to strike my lady with compassion, when my song tells her of the pain which lashes me on her account.
VISong, go to Archer who plays the viel and to Raoul de Soissons, whom I like: tell them that love is too sharp a sword...
Historical context and dating
The song is unanimously attributed to a certain Thierry de Soissons, if one ignores the modern attribution found in ms. V. Two other elements would appear to exclude attribution to Raoul: the allusion to Romenie, which normally indicates the Frankish possessions in Greece which Raoul does not seem ever to have visited (but see the note to v. 1), and the dedication to Raoul de Soissons in v. 47. For these reasons some scholars have suggested that the song must have been written by an unknown knight from Soissons after he had taken part in the fourth crusade of 1202-1204 (Winkler 1914, p. 25; Lubinski 1915, p. 474) and perhaps also the following one of 1215-1221 (Hardy, to justify Surie of v. 5). In both cases, the Raoul to whom the song is sent could be identified as the count of Soissons, the father and homonym of the trouvère. However, first Paulin Paris and then Winkler suggested that Thierry and Raoul could be the same person. The name Thierry de Soissons is actually only found in mss. belonging to the same closely related group of the ms. tradition: N mainly, but in some cases K and Me as well (and perhaps V, if only indirectly); besides this, in four cases N’s attribution is refused by the same ms. K, which confirms the attribution to Raoul by other mss. belonging to different branches of the tradition. For one of these texts (RS 2063) the attribution to Thierry is definitely wrong, since it is a reply to a song addressed by Thibaut de Champagne to Raoul de Soissons (RS 1811) himself; to these cases are added song RS 1154 where Me’s attribution to Thierry is contradicted by that of C to Raoul, and two other songs (RS 429 and RS 1911) where K’s attribution to Thierry is isolated and contradicted by all the other mss. (even by N in the case of RS 429). For the remaining compositions (including RS 1204) the mss. apart from KN(V) offer no attribution. It is clear that the case for the attributions to Thierry de Soissons is quite weak, especially given that outside mss. KNMe the name is never attested and no knight of the castle of Nesle (the title Messires used in the attributive rubrics of N and Me point to this) has ever borne the name Thierry.
If we then examine the text we find a striking correspondence with the biographical information contained in stanza III of RS 1154 – the long stay in the East, defeats and imprisonment, illness – and it seems unlikely for such a coincidence to concern two trouvères both coming from Soissons. In the light of these factors the attribution of song RS 1204 to Raoul di Soissons seems highly probable. In this case the addressee mentioned in v. 47 could be the trouvère’s nephew of the same name, the younger son of count John. But there is a more intriguing possibility, and that is that Thierry de Soissons is an alternative name for Raoul himself. This would easily account for the confusion of certain scribes; in this case it would not be impossible for the author of the text, under the name Thierry, to send the piece to himself under the name of Raoul, with a hint of irony (for the phenomenon of alternative names in troubadours and trouvères see Rossi 2009). This hypothesis may be supported by the existence of a jeu-parti between a Raoul and a Thierry (RS 1296) whose authorship the text does not allow us to identify precisely, and whose four rhymes (-ier, -ent, -er, -i) are all found in the poetic dialogue between Thibaut de Champagne and the same Raoul de Soissons (RS 1393). The fact that, with the exception of ms. K which attributes some texts to Thierry and others Raoul, the two names are often applied to the same texts, but never appear together in the same ms., seems also to point in this direction: NMe do not mention the name Raoul, while the other mss. do not mention that of Thierry.
Given its strong analogies with RS 1154, the text seems very likely to have been composed in the same period, that is, after 1253-1254, even if there is nothing in it to pin down the exact date. But it cannot be ruled out that the terminus post quem could be as early as the end of Raoul’s first long stay in the Holy Land, in c. 1243.