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RS 164

Philippe de Nanteuil (?)

I En chantant vueil mon duel faire pour ma dolour conforter du preu conte debonnaire, 4 qui seult los et pris porter, de Montfort, qui en Surie ert venus pour guerroier, dont France est moult mal baillie; 8 mais la guerre est tost faillie, car de son assaut premier nel laissa Diex repairier.

II Ha! France, douce contree 12 que touz seulent honorer, vostre joie est atornee du tout en tout au pluerer. Touz jourz mais serez plus mue, 16 trop vous est mesavenue! Tel dolours est avenue qu’a la premiere venue avez vos contes perdus.

III 20 Ha! cuens de Bar, quel souffraite de vous li François avront! Quant il savront la nouvelle de vous, grant duel en feront, 24 quant France est desheritee de si vaillant chevalier. Maudite soit la jornee dont tant hardi soudoier 28 sont esclave et prisonnier.

IV Se l’Ospitaus et li Temples et li frere chevalier eüssent donné example 32 a noz genz de chevauchier, nostre granz chevalerie ne fust or pas en prison, ne li Sarrazin en vie; 36 mais ainsi nel firent mie, dont ce fu granz mesprisons et samblanz de traïzon.

V Chançons, qui fus compensee 40 de dolour et de pitié, va a Pitié, si li prie pour Dieu et pour amistié qu’aille en l’ost, et si leur die 44 et si leur face a savoir qu’il ne se recroient mie, mais metent force et aïe qu’il puissent noz genz ravoir, 48 par bataille ou par avoir.

I In song, to alleviate my grief, I want to make my lament over the good and valiant Count of Montfort, who used to receive praise and honour, and who came to Syria to wage war, through which France came to a dreadful pass; but the war is suddenly over, for God has not allowed it to be renewed after its first assault.

II Ah, France, sweet country customarily honoured by all, your joy has been utterly and completely transformed to weeping. You will be grieving for ever more, such is the misfortune you have suffered! The tragedy is that as soon as you arrived you lost your counts.

III Ah, Count of Bar, how the French will miss you! When they hear the news about you they will make a huge lament, when France is deprived of such a valiant knight. A curse on the day when such brave soldiers are slaves and prisoners!

IV If the Hospitallers and the Templars and the brother (Teutonic) knights had given the example to our people to ride in pursuit, our great cavalry would not now be in prison, or the Saracens alive; but this they did not do, and it was a great mistake and virtually treasonable.

V Song, composed in equal measure of grief and compassion, go to Pity and beg her in the name of God and friendship to go among the troops, and speak to them to urge them not to give up, but to gather their strength and mutual aid so that they can recover our people, either through battle or through money.

Historical context and dating

The song refers to an episode of the barons’ crusade led by Count Thibaut of Champagne, King of Navarre. After arriving in the Holy Land at the beginning of September 1239 crusaders assembled in Acre, but the fluid situation of the enemy and tensions between the sultanates of Syria and Egypt suggested it would be better to delay action and await favourable developments. Some barons decided to act independently and during the course of one such undertaking, on 13 November, they were ambushed and encircled near Gaza: some nobles were slain, others imprisoned and taken off to Cairo. The surviving French crusaders wanted to pursue the enemy and try to free the prisoners, but the Templars and Hospitallers disagreed and convinced Thibaut that there was too great a risk of the hostages being killed in reprisal. To free the prisoners the French undertook a long and complex series of negotiations and alliances which involved all Christian parties, Syria and Egypt. The negotiations were slow to bear fruit and Thibaut, discouraged and annoyed by the continual internal tensions among the Christians, carried out a swift pilgrimage to Jerusalem and departed for France during September 1240, before being able to establish the hoped-for truce. The negotiations were brought to a conclusion by Richard of Cornwall, who had arrived in the Holy Land after Thibaut’s departure, and the prisoners were freed on 23 April 1241. The numerous specific references contained in the song indicate that it was composed after the disaster of Gaza and before the prisoners’ release, hence between 13 November 1239 and 23 April 1241; but it is highly probable that it preceded the departure of Thibaut and part of the contingent of French crusaders which had arrived towards the middle of September 1240. The tone of the first stanzas, typical of the planctus, and the absence of any reference to the long negotiations undertaken to free the prisoners (except perhaps in the final line, which is very general) seem to suggest that the song must have been composed not long after the ambush of 13 November 1239.