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RS 665a=1098a

Anonymous

I Ore est acumplie par [le] myen escïent la plente Jeremie 4 ke oï avum suvent, ke dist: «Cum[ent] set sule cyté plene de fule plurant amerement! 8Ore est sanz marïage e mis sur grief truage la dame de la gent».

II Ceo est [de] saynte Glise, 12trestut apertement, ke est hunye e maumise, chescun veyt bien cument: ele se gient e plure, 16n’est nul ke la sucure de [tut] sun marrement; mes chescun la defule e tire cum nel sule; 20çoe est duel verrayment.

III Jadis fu [cleregie] franche e [a] desus, amee et cherie, 24[ke] nule rien [pot] plus: mes ore est enservie e tant [est] avilie e abatu[e] jus; 28par [ic]eus est hunie dunt dust aver aÿe; jo n’os [en] dire plus.

IV Le rei ne l’apostoille 32ne pensent autrement [mes coment] il nus toillent nos biens e nostre argent, çoe est tute la summe; 36ke la pape de Rume au rei [trop] se consent; pur ayder sa curune, la disme a clers li dune, 40si [en] fet sun talent.

V Le rei vet a Surie par bon entendement: vivẹra de rubberie 44ke la clergiẹ li rent, ja ne fẹra bone enprise, pur reyndre seynte Glise, jo quid certaynement. 48Ke veot aver [semblance] regarde·l(e) rei de France e sun achiefement.

VI Grevus est li tallage, 52mes y (nus) cuveynt suffrir; mes ceous nus funt damage, ky le deyvent cuillir. Mes que ke nus [en] die 56chescun en sun quer prie, si Deu le veut oïr, ke Dampnedeu (les) maudie (tut) ceous ke mettent aÿe 60pur [le] nostre tolir.

I Now is fulfilled, it appears to me, the lament of Jeremiah we have often heard, which says: “How alone stands the city full of folly, bitterly weeping; now she is husbandless and subject to heavy tribute, the princess of the peoples”.

II This most patently refers to the holy Church, which is being dishonoured and abused, and all can see well how: she groans and weeps, there is no-one who aids her in all her tribulations; but each tramples on her and drags her on the ground (?); this is truly sorrowful.

III Time was that the clergy was free and respected, loved and cherished above all else: but now it is enslaved and greatly vilified and disprised; and it is traduced by those who ought to succour it; I dare not say more.

IV The king and the pope think of nothing but stealing our goods and money from us, this is the sum of it; for the pope of Rome is too compliant with the king; to support his crown, he grants him the clergy’s tithe, and he does what he likes with it.

V The king goes to Syria with good intentions, (but) he will live on the spoils given him at the clergy’s expense, and I certainly believe he will not succeed in his plan to reimburse the holy Church. If anyone wants to have proof let him look at the king of France and what he has achieved.

VI The tax is grievous, but we have to put up with it; but those who have to collect it damage us. Whatever anyone may say, each man prays in his heart – may God hear him – that the Lord will curse all those who collaborate in taking from us what is ours.

Text

Luca Barbieri, 2014.

Historical context and dating

The introductory rubric in ms. L explicitly dates the song to 1256 (Istum canticum factum fuit anno gratie .m°cc°.lvi°. super desolacione ecclesie anglicane), and the Latin chronicle of the reign of Henry III of England contained in the same codex indirectly confirms this, inserting into the margin of f. 105v, which corresponds to the year 1256, an explicit reference to the French song (In fine libri invenies canticum hoc anno gallice compositum super desolacione ecclesie anglicane). Henry III had taken the cross in 1250, but in 1255 the pope had invited him to commute his vow, promising him the throne of Sicily in exchange for military assistance against Manfred, son of the emperor Frederick II. The pope had also promised Henry economic support through a new round of ecclesiastical taxes; the same Latin chronicle of ms. L refers to the protests of the English clergy against the pope’s decision to devolve the tithe to the king (f. 105r). The absence of lines referring to the crusade in L’s version seems to confirm the idea that the clergy’s protest was directed against the collection of funds for the Sicilian affair rather than the expedition to the Holy Land. For this reason some critics have maintained that O’s reference to the crusade is incompatible with the situation in 1256, but that it must be connected to a revision of the text that must have taken place at the time of taxation linked to crusading plans of Edward I, Henry’s son and successor (1274-1276, 1287 or 1291-1292). In reality the date 1256 attestated by L should not be set aside, since Henry III never officially agreed to commute his vow, as the bishop of Hereford, the pope and his legate Rostand advised him to do; on the contrary, he continued to affirm his wish to leave for the Holy Land, as he delegated the administration of the Sicilian affair to his son Edmund (Weiler 2006, pp. 147-155; Tyerman 1988, p. 119 n. 32). Confirmation of this is found in the authoritative Chronica majora of Matthew Paris, who at the beginning of 1256 records the protests of many monastic communities against the rapaciousness of the merchants charged with collecting the tithe who did not hesitate to assert that the money was for the king’s crusade (Chronica majora V, pp. 536 and 552). The idea of dating the text to the reign of Edward I are plausible but not very likely, especially as the single real crusading levy to have left any trace in contemporary chronicles relates to 1291-1292 and does not seem to have provoked particular protests on the clergy’s part. Such a late dating would also make it hard to explain the reference to the king of France, whereas this is certainly relevant to the context of 1256.