RS 1125
Conon de Béthune
I Ahï! Amors, com dure departie me convenra faire de la millor ki onques fust amee ne servie! 4Diex me ramaint a li par sa douçour, si voirement ke m’en part a dolor. Las! k’ai je dit? Ja ne m’en part je mie! Se li cors va servir Nostre Signor, 8li cuers remaint del tot en sa baillie.
II Por li m’en vois sospirant en Surie, car je ne doi faillir mon Creator; ki li faura a cest besoig d’aïe, 12saiciés ke il li faura a grignor; et saicent bien li grant et li menor ke la doit on faire chevallerie ou on conquiert Paradis et honor 16et pris et los et l’amor de s’amie.
III Diex est assis en son saint iretaige: ore i parra se cil le secorront cui il jeta de la prison ombraje, 20quant il fu mors ens la crois ke Turc ont. Saichiés chil sont trop honi ki n’iront, s’il n’ont poverte ou viellece ou malaige; et cil ki sain et jone et riche sont 24ne poevent pas demorer sans hontaige.
IV Tous li clergiés et li home d’eaige qui ens ausmogne et ens biens fais manront partiront tot a cest pelerinaige, 28et les dames ki chastement vivront se loiauté font a ceus qui i vont; et s’eles font par mal consel folaige, as lasques gens et mauvais le feront, 32car tot li boin iront en cest voiaige.
V Ki chi ne velt avoir vie anuieuse si voist por Dieu morir liés et joieus, ke cele mors est douce et savereuse 36dont on conquiert le resne presïeus; ne ja de mort nen i morra .i. sels, ains naisteront en vie glorïeuse; ki revenra moult sera eüreus, 40a tos jors mais en iert honors s’espeuse.
VI Diex! tant avons esté prex par huiseuse, or i parra ki a certes iert prex; s’irons vengier la honte dolereuse 44dont chascuns doit estre iriés et hontex; car a no tans est perdus li sains lieus ou Diex soffri por nos mort angoisseuse; s’or i laissons nos anemis mortex, 48a tos jors mais iert no vie honteuse.
[VII] Lais! je m’en voix plorant des eulz del front lai ou Deus veult amendeir mon coraige; et saichiés bien c’a la millor dou mont 52penserai plux ke ne fais a voiaige.
I Ah, Love, how hard it will be for me to part from the best lady who was ever loved and served! May God in his sweetness bring me back to her, as truly as I leave her in sorrow. Alas! What have I said? I am not leaving her at all! If my body goes off to serve our Lord, my heart remains entirely in her service.
II Sighing for her I set out for Syria, since I must not fail my Creator. If anyone should fail Him in this hour of need, be aware that He will fail him in a greater; and may great and small know well that a man ought to perform knightly feats in the place where one wins paradise and honour, reputation, and praise, and the love of one’s beloved.
III God is besieged in His holy heritage; now it will be manifest how those whom He released from the shade of prison, when He died upon the Cross held by the Turks, will assist Him. Shame on all those who stay behind, unless they are poor or old or ill! But those who are healthy and young and rich cannot remain behind without disgrace.
IV All the clergy and the old men who stay behind performing deeds of charity and good works will have their share in this pilgrimage, as well as the ladies who live chastely and remain faithful to those who go there; but if they ill-advisedly commit folly, they will be doing so with cowardly wicked people, for all the good ones will go on this voyage.
V Let anyone who does not wish to lead a discreditable life go and die gladly and joyfully for God, for that death through which one wins the precious realm is sweet and delectable; and not a single one of them will die there from death, but rather all will be born into glorious life; anyone who returns will be most happy; glory will for evermore be his spouse.
VI Oh God! we have been so long valiant in idleness; now it will be clear who really is valiant, if we go off to avenge the painful humiliation at which each one of us should feel sorrow and shame; for in our times the holy place where God suffered agonising death on our account has been lost; if we now leave our mortal enemies there, our life will be evermore stained with infamy.
[VII] Alas, I leave with tears in my eyes to the place where God desires to purify my heart; and be well aware that I shall think more about the best lady in the world than of the crusade.
Historical context and dating
Conon de Béthune was the fifth son of Robert V and Adelaide (Alix) of Saint-Pol, descending from the counts of Artois and related to the counts of Hainaut and Flanders (Oisy), hence also to the Baldwin who was to become the first Latin emperor of Constantinople. Wallensköld places his birth around the middle of the XIIth c., but it is more likely that this should be moved forward by ten or fifteen years, seeing as the first document that concerns him dates from 1180-1181 and mentions him together with his father and brothers. Destined like all younger sons for an ecclesiastical or military career, Conon was able to exploit his diplomatic skills as an adviser and to become an influential figure, if not one of the main authorities in the Latin empire of Constantinople. There is no proof that Conon took part in the Third Crusade, although the songs of exhortation RS 1125 and RS 1314 were certainly written for that occasion. According to Wallensköld 1891, p. 101 n. 3, Conon was in the contingent led by Philip Augustus, who swiftly returned to France at the end of July 1191. It was perhaps on account of this quick return, which contrasts with the magniloquence of his songs of exhortation, that he was reproached in song RS 1030 by Huon d’Oisy, whom Conon himself defines as his kinsman and master. But in 1191 Huon d’Oisy was already dead, and in any case Conon’s name does not appear in any sources for the expedition. It is known that his father Robert V, who died during the siege of Acre in January 1191, travelled with a Flemish contingent which left before the king of France, and it is possible that his son Conon accompanied him, but it is more likely that for some reason unknown to us he never left. On the problem of the attribution and dating of Huon’s song RS 1030 and the fact that this may refer to a “false departure” by Conon in 1189 see the corresponding paragraph in the edition of that text. After having taken the cross once more in Bruges on 23 February 1200 he was immediately charged with important negotiation tasks for the organisation of the Fourth Crusade. A keen supporter of the deviation of the expedition and the interests of the young prince Alexios IV Angelos, Conon took part in the second capture of Constantinople (12-13 April 1204) and attended the coronation of the emperor Baldwin in the capacity of protovestiarios. Between 1204 and 1219 he was put in charge the regency of the empire on three occasions and continued to be a highly influential figure until his death on 17 December 1219 or 1220.
His works, highly varied and personal both in form and content, appear to be concentrated during the period of his youth. He cultivated personal and literary relations with numerous trouvères and with some troubadours, notably Bertran de Born, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras and Elias Cairel, and his texts reflect the Occitan authors’ typical interest in social and political matters and a predilection for the tone of their sirventes. He distinguished himself to such an extent from the courtly and amorous uniformity of many of his northern colleagues that his work has been defined as one of the earliest cases of personal poetry (Jodogne 1964, pp. 99-100). Even song RS 1125, one of the earliest, the most important and the most influential crusade songs in the northern French tradition, is essentially written in the hortatory and polemical style typical of the troubadours, despite the opening stanza on grief at separation from the beloved lady. It was definitely composed after the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin in October 1187 (vv. 17-20). The fact that song RS 1030 by Huon d’Oisy presents clear references to Conon’s song confirms that it must have been composed at the time of the Third Crusade, since Huon probably died on 20 August 1189 or at the latest the following year (see Bédier 1909, pp. 28-29 and 53-61; Dijkstra 1995a, p. 84). The composition of RS 1125 must therefore be dated at a time between the fall of Jerusalem (October 1187) and Philip Augustus’s departure on crusade (summer 1190). The hortatory tone and the use of motifs typical of contemporary preaching suggest it was written at the latest after Philip Augustus and Richard the Lionheart took their vow at Gisors on 21 January 1188.