RS 1152
Thibaut de Champagne
I Au temps plain de felonnie, d’envie et de traïson, de tort et de mesproison, 4 sanz bien et sanz courtoisie, et que entre maint baron veons le siecle empirier, et voi esconmunnïer 8 ceus qui plus offrent raison, lors vuel faire une chançon.
II Li royaumez de Surie nous dist et crie a haut ton, 12se nouz ne nouz amendon, pour Dieu que n’i alons mie: n’i feriemes se mal non. Diex aime cuer droiturier: 16se tel gent se veult aidier, cil essauceront Son non et conquerront Sa maison.
III Encor vaut miex toute voie 20demourer en son païs qu’aler povrez ne chaitis ou il n’a soulas ne joie. – Philippe, on doit paradis 24conquerre par mal avoir, car là ne trouverés voir bon estre ne jeu ne ris, ensi que avés apris.
IV 28Amours a courut sa proie et si m’en mainne tous pris en l’ostel, ce m’est avis, dont ja issir ne querroie, 32s’il estoit a mon devis. Dame, cui Biautez fait oir, je vous fac bien assavoir: ja de prison n’istrai vis, 36ains mourrai loiaus amis.
V Dame, moi couvient remaindre, de vous ne me puis partir; de vous amer et servir 40ne me soi onques refraindre, si me vient bien pour mourir l’amours qui m’assaut souvent; adés vo merci atent, 44car biens ne me puet venir se n’est par vostre plaisir.
VI Chançon, va dire Lorent qu’il se gart outreement 48de grant folie envahir, qu’en li avroit faus mantir.
I In this time full of treachery, envy and betrayal, of injustice and error, deprived of goodness and courtliness, when amongst many barons we see the decline of the world, and I see excommunicated those who would make the best contribution, then I wish to compose a song.
II The kingdom of Syria tells us and cries aloud that if we do not amend our lives, it is better for God if we not go there: we shall do nothing but harm. God loves an upright heart: if people like this wish to lend their support, they will exalt His name and win back His dwelling-place.
III – All the same it would be better to remain in one’s own country than to go poor and sad to where there is no pleasure or joy. – Philip, paradise must be won through suffering, for you will certainly not find good living there, or play or laughter, which you are used to.
IV Love has worn out his prey and leads me captive to the lodgings where, it seems to me, I shall never wish to leave, even if it were within my power to do so. Lady, whom Beauty makes its heir, I tell you clearly: I shall never leave your prison alive, but shall die a loyal lover.
V Lady, I shall have to stay behind, I cannot leave you; I have never been able to refrain from loving and serving you, so the love which continually assails me will surely make me die; I constantly await your mercy, for nothing good can come to me unless it is by your pleasure.
VI Song, go and tell Lorent that he should be exceedingly careful not to undertake a great folly, for he would have to lie falsely.
Historical context and dating
Bédier’s long chronological note, while containing some inaccuracies, remains a solid starting-point for dating. Understood literally, vv. 7-8 refer to Pope Gregory IX’s excommunication of the emperor, Frederick II, who was refusing to take on the leadership of a crusade before the end of the ten-year truce he had concluded in 1229 with Saladin’s nephew, the sultan of Egypt al-Malik al-Kāmil. In this case the song must have been composed after 20 March 1239, the date of the excommunication by which the Pope freed Frederick’s subjects from their duty of fidelity, or alternatively after 7 April of the same year, when the sentence was announced to the whole of Christendom. The typical debate over whether to depart from the beloved lady contained in the second part of the song, stanza V in particular, would seem to suggest that such a separation had not yet taken place. This would allow us to fix the terminus ante quem to the first days of August 1239, when the crusaders left the port of Marseille, or perhaps, as Wallensköld suggests, 24 June of the same year, when Thibaut probably left Champagne for Lyon where the crusaders were assembling to await departure and were still hoping for Frederick’s involvement.
But the verb esconmunnier may be interpreted more broadly, and might then refer to the threats made by the Pope in a letter of 18 February 1236 against Thibaut and more than forty other French barons that he would reduce the prerogatives of their ecclesiastical courts (threats which carried little conviction, given that in June of that year Gregory intervened in favour of the crusader Thibaut, defending him from an attack by King Louis IX). One might also take into account the opposition to the Pope on the part of some barons, including Thibaut, in their refusal to direct the crusade to Constantinople in support of the Latin empire, rather than to the Holy Land. This hypothesis would move the terminus post quem back to 16 December 1235, date of the first papal letter to the barons of France which was announcing the new objective, but is weakened by the recent tendency of historians to reinterpret and reduce the scope of the new papal initiative (Chrissis 2010).
The impression gained from reading the text is that of an appeal from a man who already feels invested with a certain authority – officially recognised or due to his social position – over the other crusaders, and that in exhorting his companions to action he is also intending to seek precise guarantees from them, being aware that conflicts, divisions, acts of insubordination and individual interests can only damage the outcome of the expedition and personal prestige (on this see Melani 1999, p. 144).