RS 1154
Raoul de Soissons
IE! coens d’Anjo, on dist per felonnieke je ne sai chanteir fors por autrui.Il dient voir, je nes en desdi mie,4 c’onkes nul jor de moi sires ne fui;et s’il veullent savoir a cui je sui,je lor dirai per ma grant cortoixie:saichiés Amors m’ait si en sa baillie8 ke je n’ai sen, volenteit ne raixonke je sens li saiche faire chanson.
IISire, saichiés, et si n’en douteis mie,ke cheveliers n’iert jai de grant renom12sens bone amor ne sens sa signorie,ne nuls sens li ne puet estre proudom;car sous ces piés met les plux hauls baronset les povres fait meneir haute vie;16prouesse, honors, solais vient de s’aïe,et done plus de joie a ces amiske nus ne puet avoir sens paradix.
IIIBien m’ait Amors esproveit en Sulie20et en Egypte, ou je fui meneis pris,c’adés i fui en poour de ma vieet chascun jour cuidai bien estre ocis;n’onkes por ceu mes cuers nen fut partis24ne decevreis de ma douce anemie,ne en France per ma grant maladie,ke je cuidai de ma goute morir,ne se pooit mes cuers de li partir.
IV28N’est mervoille se fins amans oblieaucune foix son amerous desir,quant outre meir en vait sens compaigniedous ans ou trois ou plux sens revenir;32bien me cuidai de sa prixon partir,maix dou cuidier fix outraige et folie,c’Amors m’ait pris et tient si fort et lieke por fuïr ne la puis oblieir,36ains me covient en sa mercit torneir.
VDe l’angoixe ke j’ai por li sentiene devroit nuls sens morir eschaippeir,et por paour de mort ke me deffie40seux je vers li venus mercit crieir;et s’en plorant ne puis mercit troveir,morir m’estuet sens confort d’autre amie;et c’elle veult l’amor de li m’ocie,44dur cuer avrait felon et sens dousour,se me laissoit morir a teil dolor.
VIHe! cuens d’Anjo, per vostre chanterieporiés avoir joie et prix et honor,48maix ma joie est sens gueridon fenieet tuit mi chant sont retorneit a plour,si ke jamaix ne chanterai nul jor;por ceu vos pri, et ma chanson vos prie,52ke la chanteis tant k’elle soit oïedavant celi ke paisse de bonteittoutes celles de la crestïenteit.
VIISi voirement com je di veriteit,56se m’envoist Deus de li joie et santeit.
IAh, Count of Anjou, it is treacherously said that I only know how to sing through other people. What they say is true, I do not deny it, because I was never my own master; and if they want to know whose man I am, I shall tell through my great courtliness: know that Love so holds me in its power that I have neither the ability, will or intellect to compose a song without him.
IIMy Lord, be aware, and have no doubt about it, that a knight will not have great renown without true love and without its lordship, and no-one can be a worthy man without it; for it tramples the highest barons underfoot and makes the poor lead a high life. Prowess, honour and the pleasures of company derive from its support, and it gives more joy to its friends than anyone could have outside paradise.
IIILove has sorely tested me in Syria and in Egypt, where I was taken prisoner, for I was constantly in fear for my life and every day I was sure I would be killed; but despite this my heart was never separated or parted from my sweet enemy, nor in France during my grave illness, when I thought I would die from my gout, was my heart capable of leaving her.
IVIt is no marvel if a true lover occasionally forgets his amorous desire, when he goes overseas alone for two or three years or more without returning. I certainly thought I could escape its prison, but I was presumptuous and foolish in this thought, for Love has imprisoned me and holds and binds me so fast that even if I flee I cannot forget her, but instead am constrained to be at her mercy once more.
VFrom the anguish I have felt on her account no-one could escape without dying, and for fear of the death that threatens me I have come to her to cry her mercy; and if by weeping I cannot find mercy, I must die without the comfort of another lover; and if she wishes my love for her to kill me, she would have a cruel, unfeeling heart, if she let me die in such pain.
VIAh, Count of Anjou, through your singing you could have joy and reputation and honour, but my joy is over, without reward, and all my songs have turned to weeping, so that I shall never sing again; I therefore beg you, and my song begs you, to sing it so that it will be heard before the one who surpasses in goodness all other ladies in Christendom.
VIIAs truly as I speak truth, may God send me joy and health from her.
Text
Testo
Luca Barbieri, 2014.Historical context and dating
The younger son of Count Raoul the Good of Soissons (Raoul III of Nesle), Raoul was invested with the title of Lord of Cœuvres in 1232, but the title is never mentioned in the documents or chronicles, where he continues to be called Raoul de Soissons or Raoul de Nesle. Impulsive, fiery and adventurous in character, Raoul went on three crusades and spent several years in the East. After taking part in expedition led by Thibaut de Champagne (1239-1241) he remained in the Holy Land and married Alice of Champagne to bolster his claim to the kingdom of Jerusalem. As a consequence he found himself involved in the long struggle between the Ibelin family and the emperor Frederick II (see the description of the historical context in the edition of the Verse Letter of Philippe de Novare) and in 1242 (or less probably 1243) he played a significant rôle in the Ibelins’ occupation of Tyre. Humiliated, his pride wounded by the lack of acknowledgment of his aspirations, he decided to return to France, abandoning his consort. He later took part in St Louis’ first expedition to Egypt (1248-1250) and was among the prisoners after the defeat of Mansura. Once again he decided to remain behind in the Holy Land along with the king of France and he probably returned home at the end of 1253 or the beginning of the following year. Harrassed by economic problems (he had already requested a huge loan from Thibaut de Champagne in 1245), he decided to set sail again in St Louis’ second expedition in 1270. The last mention of his name is found in a document of September 1272 (Newman 1971, I, p. 68).
The song’s historical allusions suggest that it was written after the seventh crusade. The text mentions his participation in the crusade in the Holy Land (Sulie), imprisonment in Egypt (vv. 19-20), and his stay in the East of three years or more (vv. 30-31). The fact that Raoul calls Charles of Anjou only count and not king of Sicily suggests that the writing of the text precedes Charles’s coronation on 6 January 1266. RS 1154 would therefore have been composed after Raoul’s return to France, between 1254 and 1265, and the content of the song suggests that the date of composition must not be too long after this.