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RS 1229

Anonymous

IJa de chanter en ma viene quier mais avoir corage,ainz aing mieuz qu’Amors m’ocie4 por faire son grant domage,que jamés si faitementn’iert amee ne servie;por ce chasti toute gent:8 moi a mort et li trahie.

IIHelas, je ai dit folie,ce sai de voir, et outrage,mais a mon cuer prist envie12d’estre legier et volage;ha, dame, tant m’en repent,mais cil a tart merci criequi atent tant que il pent;16por ce ai mort desservie.

IIID’Amors me covient retrairepor sa fause contenance;poise m’en, nen puis plus faire,20qu’a son tort me desavance;mais tex est sa volentezque cil qui plus li doit plaireen est touz tens plus grevez;24por c’est tricheresse vaire.

IVMerci covient qu’i soit maireque jostice ne clamance;dame, ne poi mie taire,28ne ne sai dont j’oi pesance;moult ai folement parlé,et Dex m’en devroit contrairecomme fol desesperé,32qu’en li n’ot ainz que refaire.

VToz tens l’avrai escondite,mais or i voi qui m’esmaie,quant cil qui plus est siens quites36tolt toz ses biens et delaie,por quant ne s’i doit fïer;d’endroit moi soit elẹ maudite:la joie qui vient d’amer,40que j’oi grant, or l’ai petite.

VIA grant tort l’avrai sordite,dou monde la plus veraie;por ce me tieng a traïte44et m’en met en sa menaie,qu’encore m’en puet grever;et Dex l’en rende merite,s’el me voloit pardoner48la mençonge que j’ai dite.

VIICuens, Narcisus vuil mander,qui port ma chançon escritededanz son cuer outremer,52par mi la terre d’Egypte.

VIIIRenaut, qui Amor avitepuisse Dex grant mal doner!por li m’en vois en Egypte.

IFor the rest of my life I no more wish to have a heart disposed to sing, but prefer Love to slay me, to her own grave harm, because she will never again be so perfectly loved or served; so I declare to all: she has killed me and betrayed herself.

IIAlas, I realise full well that I have spoken foolishly and presumptuously, but my heart was moved to be frivolous and inconstant. Ah, lady, I repent of this so much, but it is too late to cry mercy once one is hanged [by the neck]; for this I have deserved to die.

IIII am constrained to renounce Love on account of her hypocritical conduct; I am sorry for it, [but] I can do no other, because she ruins me against her own interests; but her nature is such that the one who should please her most is always the most tormented by her; this is why she is a fickle traitress.

IVMercy ought to be greater than justice and law; lady, I have been unable to remain silent and I know not whence comes my impatience; I have spoken most foolishly, and for this God should punish me as the despairing fool that I am, for in her there has never been any imperfection.

VI have always defended her, but now I see in her what dismays me, when she deprives of all her favours the one who is most faithful to her and leaves him in suspense, hence is untrustworthy; as far as I am concerned, may she be accursed: of the joy that comes from love, which I once had in abundance, I now have very little.

VIMost wrongly have I slandered the truest in the world; so I hold myself to be a traitor and place myself in her hands; she can always condemn me for this, but may God reward her, if she were willing to forgive me for the lie I have spoken.

VIICount, I wish to send Narcissus to bear my song overseas, written in his heart, right into the land of Egypt.

VIIIRenaut, God bring great misfortune onto the one who dishonours Love! On her account I leave for Egypt.

Text

Luca Barbieri, 2014.

Historical context and dating

The possibility of dating this song is bound up with its insertion into Jean Renart’s Guillaume de Dole and to the double allusion to Egypt in the two envois of version I, but the two elements seem to contradict each other. The quotation contained in Guillaume de Dole seems to argue in favour of a relatively early date, if one accepts the date of 1208-1210 for Jean Renart’s work suggested by Lejeune 1974 (though Lecoy 1961 proposes 1227-1228). In addition, the date of Guillaume de Dole can strictly only apply to the first two stanzas, the only ones cited by Jean Renart. Such an early date does not seem compatible with the allusion to Egypt. Petersen Dyggve 1944 (p. 72) believes the text must have been written at the time of the third crusade, but in reality no song of that period contains this geographical allusion, and the only two mentions of Egypt are found in songs RS 1154 and RS 1887 by Raoul de Soissons, both attributable to the period of the seventh crusade (1249?).

As far as authorship is concerned, the mss. present three distinct attributions: Gace Brulé (M), Blondel de Nesle (a) and Renaut de Sableuil (u). If the attribution to Blondel de Nesle is isolated and probably to be rejected, that to Gace Brulé is confirmed indirectly by mss. CO. However, this well-known name is facilior and may have been suggested by that author’s fame and the presence of the name Renaut in the envoi (see the comment to v. 53), and in any case does not square with the late date apparently required by the context (there is no trace of Gace after 1212-1213). Nevertheless, given the by no means insignificant support of the manuscript tradition for Gace Brulé’s name, it cannot be excluded that such an attribution may refer to an early version of the text, of which only the first two stanzas cited in Guillaume de Dole might remain, and this hypothesis would also agree with the earlier dating proposed for the composition of Jean Renart’s romance. Petersen Dyggve on the other hand concentrates on the genealogy of the lords of Sabloeil (Sablé-sur-Sarthe, dep. Sarthe, in the Loire) and defends u’s difficilior attribution. He assigns the song to Robert IV of Sabloeil, who is known to have taken part in the third crusade (p. 75), and corrects the name proposed by Jean Renart since the family tree shows no person having the name Renaut (p. 80); but the reliability of u’s attribution is inevitably weakened by this operation.

Because of the contradictory and partial elements of information found in the mss., it has been decided to leave the text as anonymous. As for the date, no elements in the text permit a precise dating, but the references to Egypt seem to speak in favour of a date after 1217, the year in which the fifth crusade set out, its first destination being indeed Egypt, even if the similarities with Raoul de Soissons’ two songs might seem to argue more in favour of the time of the seventh crusade (1249-1250; see also the commentary to v. 49). These same chronological references had also been proposed by Spanke 1925, p. 352.