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RS 1780a

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Henri de Lacy – Walter de Bibbesworth

Ceo est la pleinte par entre mis sire Henry de Lacy, counte de Nychole, et sire Wauter de Bybelesworth pur la croiserie en la Terre Seinte.  Ceo comence le counte.

I Sire Gauter, dire vus voil 4un mien bosoing dont trop m’endoil, et si me loez a choisir! Jeo aim oncor(e) cum faire soil celeˆau cler vys, au rÿaunt oil, 8dont ja ne mi quer departir; or(e) sui croisé(e) pur Deu servir, et si utre mer vois, pur lui guerpir sanz recov(e)rir perc son akoil, 12et si demur, bien pus sentir, fors lui me deyvent tuz haïr, car de tuz honurs mi despoil.

Respont sire Gauter.

II 16Beau sire quens, jeo truis en un foil q(e) amur ressemble au chevrefoil qeˇen destreignaunt fait secchir le plus bel arbre d(e) un haut broil, 20et pus ausi cum en somoil sanz porter fruit le fait murrir; mais qi voudra l’arbre garir et faire le ben revenir, 24les cordes coupe pres du soil: lors purront les braunches flurir et li fust a grant ben venir. Ensi le ferez a mon voil!

Item quens Henry.

III Hay, sire Gauter, de ci q(e) a Vernoil n’a dame de si bel akoil cum est cele qe tant desir, 32et pur ceo me lerment mi oil et pri a Deu a nu genoil qe ja nen puissoms departyr; meuz voil a sa douçour partyr 36qe d(e) estreˇutre mer martyr, car de lui tuit mi bien akoil. Or(e) en face Deu son pleisir, car jeo n(e) ai talent ne loisir 40qe vers Damass(e) passe mon soil.

Respont sire Gauter.

IV Sire quens, ausi cum un remoil pur vus mon vys des lermes moil 44de ceo q(e) ensi vus vei perir; vostre amur veine mult desvoil, car ausi cum li cerfs en soil en fol espoir vus vei gisyr, 48qant vus laissez a desservir la joye qe ne peut faillir pur un fou delyt plein d’orgoil; tost vus dev(e)roient maubaillir 52li maufé(e) a lur assaillir, car de verre est vostre garoil.

Quens Henry.

V Alez Gauter, qe Deu vus meint 56la ou son Filz murrust e meint, qe jeo ne m’i pus oncor(e) aler, car un desir ci me purceint, qe pur estre la un cors saint 60jeo ne m’i voudroie trover; il me covient ci demurrer pur ma douce amie honourer par force d’amour qe tut veint, 64car jeo ne purroie endurer de veïr ses beaus oilz plorer: pur assez meins demurroit meint.

Respont sire Gauter.

VI 68Sire quens, mult avez le quer feint qant un fou regard vus destreint tant qe voillez Celui laisser qi fust d(e) un glayve au quer enpeint, 72et de cler saunc son beau cors teint pur vus du fu d’enfern getter; mult melz Le dev(e)riez vus amer qe cele qe vus veut mener 76au fu d’enfern qe ja n(e) esteint; mais qi se veut ben purpenser, cil qi de gre se veut noier nen doit par raisoun estre pleint.

This is the lament (debate?) between Sir Henri de Lacy, count of Lincoln, and Sir Walter de Bibbesworth on the crusade to the Holy Land.  The count begins thus.

I Sir Walter, I wish to tell you of a difficulty of mine which is causing me much grief, and do advise me how to choose. I continue to love, as ever, the lady of the lovely face and laughing eyes from whom I seek never to part. But now I have taken the cross to serve God, and if I go overseas I lose her favour for good for abandoning her; and if I stay behind, I am well aware that apart from her everyone must find me odious, since I am stripping myself of all honour.

Sir Walter replies.

II Dear Sir Count, I have read in a book that love is like the honeysuckle whose constriction withers the loveliest tree in a noble wood, and then makes it seem to die in its sleep without bearing fruit. But if a man wants to cure the tree and bring it back to strength, he cuts the stems [of the honeysuckle] close to the ground: then the branches can blossom and the trunk regain its vigour. If I were you I would do the same.

Count Henry again.

III Alas, Sir Walter, from here to Verneuil there is no lady as alluring as the one I so desire, and this is why my eyes brim over with tears and I pray to God on my bare knees that we may never part. I prefer to share her sweetness than be a martyr overseas, since all my treasure I receive from her. Now let God do as He will, for I have neither wish nor ability to step over my threshold in the direction of Damascus.

Sir Walter replies.

IV Sir Count, as if in thaw I drench my face in tears for you, seeing you go to perdition in this way. I deeply disapprove of your vain love, for I see you wallowing in foolish hope like a stag in the mire, when you renounce meriting the joy that cannot fail in favour of a foolish prideful pleasure. Demons will soon bring you to a sorry pass through their assaults, for your palisade is made of glass.

Count Henry.

V You go, Walter: may God lead you to where His Son died and dwells, for I cannot yet make my way there, since a certain longing completely overwhelms me here, and I should not want to be there for the sake of being a holy [revered?] corpse. I need to stay here to honour my sweet lady, because of the force of love which conquers all, since I shall not be able to endure seeing the tears in her lovely eyes: many another would stay behind for a great deal less.

Sir Walter replies.

VI Sir Count, you are very faint-hearted, when a foolish glance exerts such pressure on you that you are willing to abandon Him who was pierced through the heart with a sword and stained his fair body with bright blood to cast you out of the fire of hell; it would be much better for you to love Him than the one who wants to lead you into the everlasting hellfire; but if one thinks about it, someone who chooses to drown himself should not rightly be pitied.

Historical context and dating

Walter de Bibbesworth, who was born at the latest in 1219, and is likely to have died in the early years of Edward I’s reign, probably at the end of the 1270s, came from a Hertfordshire family owning an estate near Kimpton (now Bibbsworth Hall) and others in Essex. He enjoyed a certain fame at least on the regional level, serving in Henry III’s army under the seneschal Nicholas de Molis in the Gascony campaign of 1250 and being elected Essex representative in the national parliament of April 1254. Walter is the author of a verse treatise on teaching the French language (Tretiz pur aprise de langage) dedicated to Dionisie de Anesty for the education of her son William and that of her husband Warin de Munchensi’s two sons by his first marriage. Besides the Tretiz and the jeu-parti, attributed to him are the Marian song Amours m’ount si enchaunté and a moral text on women, De bone femme la bounté, though it is now believed that the second may be by Nicole Bozon. His name appears among English knights who took the cross in 1270 (see Beebe 1975), but there is no certainty that he took part in the expedition.

Henri de Lacy, count of Lincoln, born in 1249 and died in 1311, was a highly influential figure during the reign of Edward I. No other literary works are known to have been attributed to him, but he commissioned the abbreviated version of the Brut known as the Petit Bruit (British Library, Harley MS 907). From some documents of 1282 and 1301 it can be inferred that he knew Walter de Bibbesworth, but in both cases this must have concerned the son who bore the same name as his father. In any case correspondences with the text of the Tretiz appear to leave no doubt as to the identity of the author of the jeu-parti.

The debate is clearly literary and does not necessarily correspond to historical reality, but it fits perfectly with the events of the years around the 1270 crusade. In any case it is known that Walter took the cross and that Henry de Lacy did not. If we attribute any importance to the possible historical clue in the jeu-parti, its composition could be placed in the period immediately preceding Edward’s expedition, the king having taken the cross on 24 June 1268 and set sail from Dover on 20 August 1270. In any case, given Henri de Lacy’s young age, the text can hardly have been composed before 1268.