Content: Galois theory is the study of solutions of polynomial equations. You know how to solve the quadratic equation $ ax^2+bx+c=0 $ by completing the square, or by that formula involving plus or minus the square root of the discriminant $ b^2-4ac $ . The cubic and quartic equations were solved ``by radicals'' in Renaissance Italy. In contrast, Ruffini, Abel and Galois discovered around 1800 that there is no such solution of the general quintic. Although the problem originates in explicit manipulations of polynomials, the modern treatment is in terms of field extensions and groups of ``symmetries'' of fields. For example, a general quintic polynomial over $Q$ has five roots $ \alpha_1.\dots.\alpha_5 $ , and the corresponding symmetry group is the permutation group $ S_5 $ on these.

Aims: The course will discuss the problem of solutions of polynomial equations both in explicit terms and in terms of abstract algebraic structures. The course demonstrates the tools of abstract algebra (linear algebra, group theory, rings and ideals) as applied to a meaningful problem.

Objectives: By the end of the module the student should understand:

• Solution by radicals of cubic equations and (briefly) of quartic equations
• The characteristic of a field and its prime subfield. Field extensions as vector spaces
• Factorisation and ideal theory in the polynomial ring k[x]; the structure of a simple field extension
• The impossibility of trisecting an angle with straight-edge and compass
• The existence and uniqueness of splitting fields
• Groups of field automorphisms; the Galois group and the Galois correspondence
• Radical field extensions; soluble groups and solubility by radicals of equations
• The structure and construction of finite fields

Books: DA Cox, Galois Theory, Wiley (second edition 2012).

IN Stewart, Galois Theory, CRC Press (e.g. fourth edition 2015, or any other edition).

DJH Garling, A Course in Galois Theory, CUP (there must be later editions than my 1986 one).