Talk Title: 'Responding to the vague, impulsive elephant in the room: ADHD and the justice system'

Abstract: A quarter of incarcerated people in the United Kingdom (UK) are estimated to have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 5-10 times the prevalence in the general population. ADHD is also known to be associated with educational disengagement, substance use and domestic violence. This paper draws on examination of every case finalised in the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory in 2021, which revealed that ADHD was mentioned in 15% of all criminal cases (n=34). In many cases, however, discussion of their ADHD was perfunctory, with little insight into how it might be relevant to their offending and/or sentencing. The paper reaffirms the need for improved awareness, diagnosis and treatment of ADHD, from primary school, across the broader community, and throughout the justice system. The paper also draws on recent developments in UK and Australia to highlight why the correctional system provides a vital opportunity for intervention, which is likely to reduce reoffending. Increased understanding of ADHD may also help shift public attitudes towards drug use and addiction.