Departmental news

We’re delighted to share that the Department of Economics has achieved an outstanding overall satisfaction score of 95% in the 2025 Postgraduate Taught Experience Survey (PTES) - our highest result in recent years. This places us well above the Russell Group average of 86% for Economics and reflects the continued strength of our postgraduate programmes.

The PTES invited feedback from MSc and second-year MRes students on their experiences of teaching and learning at Warwick. With a response rate of 54%, exceeding the University average of 47%, our students have shown a strong commitment to sharing their experiences and helping us enhance postgraduate education.

Our top-performing areas include:

• Learning Resources – 96%
• Dissertation Supervision – 91%
• Teaching and Learning – 90%
• Organisation and Management – 90%

We’re particularly proud to have scored above the institutional average across all key themes, reaffirming our position as one of Warwick’s leading departments for postgraduate student experience.

At the question level, students highlighted that:

• The course is intellectually stimulating - 95%
• Teaching staff are good at explaining things – 93%
• They have appropriate access to subject specific resources – 97%
• They were given appropriate guidance and support throughout their course – 91%
• Dissertation supervisors have the skills and knowledge to support dissertations – 94%
• They would recommend the Department to others – 97%

While the overall results are highly positive, we recognise that opportunities for interaction among postgraduate taught students scored lower. We’re actively exploring ways to strengthen peer engagement and build a more connected postgraduate community.

Professor Jeremy Smith Head of Department, commented:

“These results highlight the strength of our postgraduate programmes and the dedication of our teaching and professional services staff. We’re proud of the experience we offer to our students and remain committed to enhancing student satisfaction, with a particular emphasis on building meaningful connections and engagement across our student community. We’re grateful to everyone who contributed to this success - and to our students for their thoughtful feedback”

The first evidence-based assessment of how the Government’s Inheritance Tax (IHT) reform would affect farm estates has been published by the Centre for the Analysis of Taxation (CenTax), led by Professor Arun Advani of Warwick Economics and Dr Andy Summers of the LSE.

CenTax analysis finds that there is scope for better targeting the reforms to extend protection for family farms and other small businesses whilst further reducing the use of agricultural and business property as a tax shelter.

A farm estate, which is the focus of the analysis, is defined as the total net wealth of an individual who has died owning some farmland or other farm assets on which they had claimed tax relief.

Using detailed HMRC inheritance tax data, The Impact of Changes to Inheritance Tax on Farm EstatesLink opens in a new window finds that, as currently designed, the planned reforms do protect family farms to a large extent - just under one third of farm estates would be impacted by the reform; and that of that 30 per cent, around 200 estates per year potentially comprise family farms valued at less than £5 million - but there is scope for better targeting the reforms to extend protection for farms and other small businesses whilst further reducing the use of agricultural and business property as a tax shelter.

The report proposes two options for better targeting the reform whilst still raising at least as much revenue overall:

• A ‘minimum share rule’ that would remove relief for passive investors in farmland and other business assets, reducing the use of these assets as a tax shelter. Restricting relief to estates whose relief claims cover at least 60% of the total estate could fund an increase in the combined allowance for 100% relief to £5 million per estate, whilst still raising at least as much revenue as planned reform overall.
• An ‘upper limit on relief’ that would cap relief at the first £10 million of claim, funding an increase in the allowance for 100% relief to £2 million per estate. The effect would be to extend protection for family farms and other small businesses.

Addressing concerns that family farms would need to be sold to pay the tax, the report finds that:-

• Almost half (49%) of all impacted farm estates would see a tax increase of less than 5 percentage points.
• All of the 25 farm estates per year facing an increase larger than 15pp are valued at over £7.5 million.
• 86% of impacted farm estates could pay their entire IHT bill out of non-farm assets, leaving around 70 farm estates per year that could not.

Dr Andy Summers, Director of the Centre for Analysis of Taxation (CenTax) and Associate Professor at London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) said:

“Our analysis shows that the Government’s reform largely protects family farms whilst limiting claims by the wealthiest estates. But the relief could be better targeted to reduce its use for tax planning and further extend protection for businesses, including farms.”

• PHOTO - His Majesty's Treasury, Whitehall
  
  
• Read the report in full on the CenTax website: The Impact of Changes to Inheritance Tax on Farm Estates (2025)Link opens in a new window Arun Advani, Sebastian Gazmuri-Barker, Sanaya Mahajan, and Andy Summers
  
  
• The Centre for the Analysis of Taxation (CenTax) is an independent research centre dedicated to improving public understanding of tax policy and helping to design a better tax system. This research was funded by the Nuffield Foundation and abrdn Financial Fairness Trust.

Digital platforms are increasingly taking engagement metrics into account when compensating journalists and other content creators – but does this have a negative effect on pay, quality, tone or coverage?

A new studyLink opens in a new window by Dr Mateusz Stalinski (University of Warwick) and co-authors is among the first to provide answers, based on a field study with a Kenyan digital news platform.

The writers were split into three groups – one-third continued on the existing per-article contract; one-third moved to a pay-per-click (PPC) model; and one-third chose between the two options.

PAY

• Although their articles received double the views of the control group – good news for advertisers! - the journalists who moved to pay-per-click saw their overall earnings fall by 49 per cent

CONTENT

• The pay-per-click journalists focused more on national stories, and on political topics. These shifts are consistent with writers maximizing reach by selecting topics with broad appeal. However, the resulting decline in comprehensive and locally-relevant coverage may carry important civic costs.

TONE

• The pay-per-click writers used fewer positive words in their headlines and produced articles with higher toxicity scores and more negative tone.

Dr Stalinski said “While PPC writers earned more per article, their overall earnings fell, lowering the firm’s wage bill and increasing platform profits. However, these profits come at a cost: PPC writers shifted content production away from local news and towards attention-grabbing political stories.

“PPC writers also used less positive language in both headlines and article bodies. Our results show that engagement-based pay boosts reader traffic, but we also caution that this may come at the cost of compromised coverage diversity, local news provision, and journalist well-being.”

• Incentivizing Engagement: Experimental Evidence on Journalist Performance PayLink opens in a new window Ivan Balbuzanov, Jared Gars, Mateusz Stalinski & Emilia Tjernström Warwick Economics Research Papers No: 1570 July 2025

New analysis by an international team including Professor Sonia Bhalotra of Warwick Economics and CAGE finds a strong link between job loss and domestic violence. According to the research, published this month in The Review of Economic Studies, men who lose their jobs are more likely to inflict domestic violence, while women who lose their jobs are more likely to become victims. The increases are upwards of 30%.

• Unemployment - whether of men or women- increases domestic violence
• Men who lose their jobs are more likely to inflict domestic violence
• Women who lose their jobs are more likely to become victims of domestic violence
• Unemployment benefits have potential to mitigate this if designed correctly
• These results are relevant globally given that unemployment occurs not just cyclically but also on account of structural changes and automation.

The study discusses carefully designed unemployment benefits as a new approach to policy measures intended to protect women and girls.

Professor Bhalotra said:

“Our study uses administrative data from Brazil to understand the effects of job loss and unemployment benefit payments on domestic violence. Our evidence suggests that job loss triggers two mechanisms – income loss, and an increase in potential time at home. The loss of income creates stress within the household, while more time at home increases exposure to the risk of domestic violence.”

The study is based on large scale data from Brazil, analysed by Sonia Bhalotra with Diogo Britto and Paolo Pinotti of Bocconi University in Italy and Breno Sampaio of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco in Brazil.

The researchers analysed court registers for Brazil that contain every domestic violence case during 2009–2018. In this period there were 2 million domestic violence cases, representing 11% of all criminal justice cases, which were then linked to employment registers, with details of around 100 million workers, 60 million employment spells and 10 million layoffs per year.

The study also included measures of domestic violence that do not rely on victims reporting the event to the police. These are indicators for women using domestic violence public shelters, and notifications of domestic violence by health providers that are mandated by the federal government.

They find that job loss has a significant effect on domestic violence, and that unemployment benefits may not mitigate this effect if they lead to men being unemployed for longer. Benefits do, however, have the potential to mitigate the effect if accompanied by policies that encourage men back into work.

Professor Bhalotra added:

“Our main findings are that job loss influences domestic violence first by generating an income shortfall, and second by increasing exposure to violence. So, the ideal policy intervention would compensate the income shortfall and get people out of the home and back to work.

“Unemployment benefits can help but need to be combined with active policies aimed at getting the unemployed back to work. Traditionally, these policies are training and support with job search, but they could include community service.”

“The policy infrastructure has been primarily concerned with providing support to victims in the shape of shelters, counselling and protection orders. Interventions designed to prevent domestic violence have focused on the economic empowerment of women, though the evidence shows that they misfire in settings where men want to maintain economic control. Our research suggests that it is equally important to consider the economic status of men and the potential for policies that compensate both men and women for income losses.”

• Sonia Bhalotra, Diogo G C Britto, Paolo Pinotti, Breno Sampaio: Job Displacement, Unemployment Benefits and Domestic Violence, The Review of Economic Studies, 2025; rdaf004, https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdaf004
  
  
• The authors acknowledge financial support from The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation. Professor Bhalotra acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement No. 885698 and from ESRC grant ESM010236-1 awarded to the Human Rights, Big Data and Technology project at the Human Rights Centre in Essex.

The Department of Economics was delighted to welcome two outstanding female economists as Honorary Graduates during the 2025 Summer Graduation celebrations.

On Friday 18th July Dr Gemma Tetlow received an Honorary Doctor of Science degree; and on Tuesday 22nd July Professor Ekaterina Zhuravskaya received her award.

Dr Tetlow’s longstanding relationship with Warwick began as an undergraduate in the Department of Economics. More recently, she has been a great supporter of the Department’s research agenda, as a member of the advisory board of CAGE, the Centre for Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy, and Chair of the Advisory Board of CenTax, the Centre for the Analysis of Taxation.

Presenting Dr Tetlow for her honorary degree, CenTax Director Professor Arun Advani highlighted her successful career in thinktanks, in journalism and as a media commentator, and also praised her contribution to addressing the under-representation of women in the profession, saying “with her impressive career history and her visibility across the media, Gemma provides a much-needed role model for young economists, whether studying for degrees in the discipline or already embarked on their careers. In this capacity, and as an alumna, Gemma has given up her time to take part in events on campus organised by the Department of Economics to promote a more inclusive environment for women studying economics, and to encourage them to go on to work in jobs in that area.”

Accepting her award, Dr Tetlow said: “Before coming to Warwick I had never studied economics, and so it was a real leap of faith to choose that as my degree subject. But it turned out to be one of the best choices I ever made in my life.

The teaching here at Warwick gave me a great appreciation for the subject and made me realise how economics can be used to understand and improve so many real-world issues. And it was what I learned here that really inspired me to pursue a career in economics, where I could apply that knowledge. And it’s a career that has continued to motivate and challenge me over the years.”

On Tuesday 22nd July Professor Ekaterina Zhuravskaya was presented for her honorary degree by Professor Sascha Becker.

Professor Zhuravskaya took her MSc at LSE and her PhD at Harvard. She has been based at the Paris School of Economics since 2010. She is a frequent visitor to the Department and has co-authored several papers with colleagues.

Professor Becker praised the “breathtaking width” of her research and described her as a “shining light and a role model” for all female academic economists.

Speaking to the economics students graduating alongside her, Professor Zhuravskaya said: “This moment takes me back to my own graduation. It was 1999 and I was a fresh Harvard PhD graduate, with very high aspirations but a lot of doubts. I was convinced that I had mastered the tools and possessed a substantial body of knowledge – but looking back I realise that I had completely misunderstood what education was useful for!

“The frontier of knowledge shifts much faster than we expect. Most of the techniques I learned became outdated within a few years of graduation. But education teaches you how to truly learn. This is the core of what we do as researchers but it is equally useful outside academia.

“In your head you shouldn’t graduate at all. You should always remain in the learning mode of a student. Congratulations to all of you and I wish you a long, surprising and meaningful journey ahead.”

Photo from left to right: Professor Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, Professor Sascha Becker, Professor Arun Advani, Dr Gemma Tetlow, Professor Stuart Croft.

The University of Warwick's Department of Economics has once again demonstrated its commitment to world-class teaching and student experience, securing the top spot in the Russell Group for student satisfaction in the 2025 National Student Survey (NSS), and achieving an average positivity score of 93% for Teaching on my Course.

With a response rate of 76%, final-year undergraduate students rated the Department highly across multiple themes, earning Economics its strongest-ever performance in the survey to date. The Department achieved first place among all Russell Group universities for key categories of the survey with percentage of satisfied students in brackets:

• Teaching on my Course (93%)
• Learning Opportunities (88%)
• Assessment and Feedback (83%)

High scores were also achieved in the following categories:

• Organisation and Management (92%)
• Academic Support (91%)

Professor Jeremy Smith, Head of the Department of Economics, said:

"We are incredibly proud to see our students recognise the dedication and excellence in the quality of teaching of our staff. These results reflect not only the academic rigour of our programmes but also the inclusive and supportive environment we strive to maintain."

Students rated the Department particularly highly on individual questions, including:

• How good are teaching staff at explaining things? (96%)
• How often is the course intellectually stimulating? (97%)
• How well does the course challenge you to achieve your best work? (95%)
• How well does your course introduce subjects and skills in a way that builds on what you have already learned? (92%)
• How often have you received assessment feedback on time? (96%)
• How well organised is your course? (93%)
• I would recommend the University to future students (93%)

While some areas (IT resources and visibility of feedback action) presented opportunities for development, the overall satisfaction remains exceptionally high - outperforming institutional averages and reaffirming Warwick Economics’ status as one of the UK’s leading departments in the field.

The Department's continued success feeds into Warwick’s strong standing in the Teaching Excellence Framework and league tables including the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, The Guardian and the Complete University Guide.

Professor Jeremy Smith added:

"These insights are vital not only for internal reflection but also for future students looking for a vibrant, intellectually rewarding place to study. We are grateful to our students for their feedback and proud to champion their voice as part of our teaching journey."

Commenting on the recommendations of the Tackling Violence against Women and Girls inquiry, to which she submitted written evidence, Professor Sonia Bhalotra said:

“The recommendations in the report are welcome, but could have gone further.

“I welcome the emphasis on prevention, but this should be extended beyond the focus on working with boys and girls in schools.

“Prevention-focused schemes which I am evaluating include the extension of unemployment benefits to men and women; incentives for employers to hire victims of abuse; community building to improve access to real-life social networks; expansion of IAPT or other access to mental health support; and changes to public opinion, alongside criminal justice reforms.

“The policy framework focuses on women and girls who have been victimized. For prevention we need to understand systematic drivers of VAWG in the full population-- all women are at risk.

“While it is good to see the report calling for the Home Office to ‘identify and share lessons learnt from local initiatives,’ a large research community is working to evaluate the success of VAWG policies in the UK, Europe and further afield. There are creative new strategies around the world which could inform UK policy once rigorously evaluated.

“At the same time, we are trying to understand the home and work environment to identify drivers of VAWG and, in this way, identify new policy interventions.

“This long-neglected issue is gaining policy salience the world over, and I look forward to seeing the Government’s response to the committee’s recommendations.”

NOTES

• The Committee's report is available here: Tackling Violence against Women and Girls
• Professor Bhalotra’s written evidence is available here: committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/138304/html/
• Professor Bhalotra’s research on VAWG includes analysis of domestic violence and workplace sexual harassment. Her research investigates the importance of employment (or financial independence), social isolation, mental health problems, and exposure to misogyny on social media. Among policies she is evaluating are legislation that subsidises employers who hire victims of domestic abuse, and legislation that makes firms liable for workplace sexual harassment. Professor Bhalotra has a large ongoing programme of research on violence against women and girls (VAWG) for which she has been awarded 2.5 million euros by the European Research Council Advanced Grant scheme. The aim of this work is to produce a robust tapestry of evidence to guide policy and further scholarship in this domain.

Dr Samuel Obeng travelled to Covenant University, Nigeria, last month as an invited panellist for the Covenant University Centre for Economic Policy and Development Research (CEPDeR) 2025 National Budget Roundtable Conference.

Dr Obeng was accompanied by Professor Franklyn Lisk, Warwick University Co-Academic Director for Africa. The Warwick Africa Hub co-organised the conference, which is held annually as a forum for stakeholders to discuss the role of national budgeting in socio-economic development.

The 2025 National Budget Roundtable and Panel Discussion addressed the theme of “National Budgeting as a critical tool for reducing poverty and Inequalities in the era of energy transitions.”

Attendees in-person and online included students, faculty, and policymakers within and outside Africa, including Nigeria’s Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Reduction, Professor Nentawe Yilwatda, who delivered the keynote address.

Professor Lisk and Dr. Obeng both spoke at the conference. In his remarks, Dr Obeng argued that the national budget provided a twin opportunity to deal with poverty and inequality through energy transitions. He suggested that a bottom-up incentive model where States that hit energy or poverty reduction targets receive increased funding should be considered.

During the visit Dr. Obeng was inducted as Senior Research Fellow of the Centre for Economic Policy and Development Research (CEPDeR), Covenant University, Nigeria.

Other highlights of the visit included a meeting with Covenant’s Vice-Chancellor, Professor Timothy Anake, and executives of Covenant University to discuss areas of possible collaboration, and a meeting with Professor (Mrs.) Augustina Oluwatotin Matthew, Head of the Department of Economics.

Reflecting on the visit, Dr Obeng said: “It was a truly exciting experience to be part of the policy-making conversations in Nigeria. I was especially encouraged when the Federal Minister highlighted my suggestions as valuable and even noted that some current government actions are already in line with them. I’m really looking forward to more opportunities to collaborate in my new role as Senior Research Fellow at CEPDeR.”

External reports:

· FG Targets Five Million Nigerians To Access Solar, Wind, Hydro, Coal-based Energy Systems – Independent Newspaper Nigeria

· University of Warwick Seeks Deeper Collaboration with Covenant University

· DIaDeRC-ASMN at Covenant Varsity’s CEPDeR NBR 2025 - DIaDerc

· CEPDeR’s National Budget Roundtable & Panel Discussion (NBR2025): – Center for Economic Policy and Development Research

May’s local elections saw a surge in support for the right-wing populist party Reform. What might be driving this swing away from mainstream parties? Do the results reflect what voters are seeing in their local environment? Professor Thiemo Fetzer explores the findings of a recent studyLink opens in a new window with Jacob Edenhofer and Prashant Garg, published in Economics Letters.

"In towns across England and Wales, empty storefronts stand as silent witnesses to economic transformation. These vacant premises represent more than just business failures. They are visible wounds in the social fabric of communities, and as our research demonstrates, powerful drivers of political change.

Our study reveals a significant positive association between high street vacancy rates and support for the right-wing populist UK Independence Party (UKIP) between 2009 and 2019. This finding adds crucial empirical evidence to the growing literature on the relationship between local economic conditions and populist voting behaviour.

Beyond Economic Metrics

While economists often focus on traditional measures like GDP growth, unemployment rates, or wage stagnation, our research suggests that the visible manifestations of decline may matter more for political behaviour than abstract economic indicators. High street vacancies serve as daily visual reminders of community deterioration that affect all residents, not just those directly impacted by job losses.

"The perception of local decline versus actual economic metrics is what matters," I noted in recent discussions of this work. "Economic welfare has improved overall, but structural transformation creates winners and losers." This distinction is crucial. A community might show positive economic growth on paper while experiencing the hollowing out of its social spaces. The empty café where pensioners once gathered, the shuttered shop where neighbours exchanged local news—these losses represent more than economic transactions. They represent the erosion of community bonds.

The Social Consumption Crisis

High streets traditionally served dual functions: economic exchange and social consumption. The latter function - providing spaces for community interaction -has been largely overlooked in economic analyses of retail decline. Our research highlights how the disappearance of these social consumption spaces contributes to isolation and loneliness, particularly among older residents who are less integrated into digital social networks. This isolation creates fertile ground for populist messaging that promises to restore a lost sense of community and belonging and creates constituencies receptive to narratives of restoration and blame.

The Geography of Resentment

The spatial distribution of high street vacancies reveals important patterns. Areas experiencing the most visible decline aren't necessarily the poorest regions, but often those undergoing rapid structural transformation as consumption patterns shift online.

Particularly concerning is the persistence of these vacancies. Our data shows that many premises remain empty three years after retail chain collapses, creating lasting changes in community perceptions and political attitudes.

Narrative Exploitation

Populist parties have proven adept at channelling grievances about visible decline into political narratives that blame outsider groups. Ironically, our research shows that immigrants rarely settle in declining areas, yet anti-immigration sentiment often flourishes there.

"Populist politicians exploit local grievances," I noted in a recent interview. "The decline of local journalism creates an information vacuum filled by social media and populist messaging." This narrative exploitation is particularly effective because the causes of high street decline - including technological change, shifting consumption patterns, and global supply chains - are complex and impersonal. Populist narratives offer simpler explanations and identifiable culprits.

Policy Implications

Our findings suggest several potential policy interventions:

• First, ownership structure matters. Areas with less-fragmented commercial real estate ownership appear better equipped to weather structural economic changes. Policy makers should consider incentives for coordinated ownership or management of high street properties.
• Second, digital infrastructure investment could extend the reach of agglomeration economies to declining areas. Remote work opportunities might allow residents to participate in dynamic urban economies while maintaining local community ties, a point I've emphasized in discussions about the potential benefits of population migration to the countryside.
• Third, communities need alternative social consumption spaces. As commercial venues decline, public investment in community centers, libraries, and parks becomes increasingly important.
• Finally, revitalizing local journalism could help counter populist narratives about decline by providing accurate information about local conditions and fostering community dialogue.

Conclusion

The relationship between high street vacancies and populist voting behaviour reveals how changes in the lived environment shape political preferences. Empty storefronts represent more than economic statistics—they are visual signifiers of community transformation that affect residents' sense of place and belonging.

By understanding these connections, we can develop more effective responses to the challenges of structural economic change and the political reactions they provoke. The future of our democratic politics may depend on how we address not just the economic realities of decline, but its visible manifestations in the spaces where community life unfolds."

• Thiemo Fetzer, Jacob Edenhofer, Prashant Garg (2025) Local decline and populism, Economics Letters, Volume 252, 2025, ISSN 0165-1765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112360.

Professor Roger Farmer, Emeritus Professor Michael Waterson and former Dean of Warwick in London Professor Abhinay Muthoo are among the 58 Founding Fellows announced by the Royal Economic Society this week.

The Fellowship is a new initiative from the Royal Economic Society and recognises economists who have made a significant contribution to the discipline and to society beyond academia, in the judgement of an expert panel. The new Fellows are entitled to use FREcon as a postnomial.

Warwick Economics works closely with RES on several initiatives, including the hosting of their flagship event - RES annual conference at Warwick in 2019. Many of our academics, alumni and current students of the Department engage in the work of RES networks like UK Women in Economics Network, Diversity & Inclusion Network and Discover Economics campaign.

Roger Farmer is Professor of Economics at the University of Warwick, Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Economics at UCLA and a Visiting Scholar at the University of Virginia. His research examines the connection between market psychology and macroeconomics, and the implications for fiscal policy. He said:

“I am honoured to be nominated as a Founding Fellow of the Royal Economic Society and I look forward to contributing to the success of the organization in the years to come.”

Mike Waterson is Emeritus Professor of Economics at Warwick and was Head of Department of Economics at Warwick between 1999 and 2002. He retired from academia in 2020 but maintains close links with the Department through his involvement with the CAGE research centre. Mike commented:

“I am very pleased to be included in the group of founding fellows of the RES. I have always believed that economics should be applied for the good of society and I have been engaged, over the years, in many diverse policy activities alongside my academic career, particularly in the competition sphere.”

Abhinay Muthoo was Professor of Economics at the University of Warwick until 2022 and Head of the Department of Economics between 2008 and 2016. During his time as Head of Department, CAGE Research Centre was established and the Department affirmed its reputation for research quality in the Research Excellence Framework 2014.

Head of Department Professor Jeremy Smith said:

“Many congratulations to Roger, Mike and Abhinay. It is an indication of the standing of the Department that the RES awards fellowships to 3 individuals who are closely tied to the Department. We look forward to building upon our existing relationship with the RES.”

RES President Prof Sir Chris Pissarides, who chaired the judging panel, said:

“The panel was impressed by the depth and breadth of the applications it considered, with representation from academia, the public and private sectors and those working in schools. Through their applications our new Fellows demonstrated the impact they have made not just in their roles, but to the wider economics profession. We congratulate them and look forward to working with them to advance the RES vision: that economics be understood, advanced and applied for the good of society and the world around us.”