Title: School Capital Expenditure Rules, Student Outcomes, and Real Estate Capitalization (joint work with Barbara Biasi and Julien Lafortune)

Abstract: School capital expenditures are a major component of public spending in the US, but there is substantial disagreement among economists and policymakers under what conditions these expenditures are a good use of funds. We use new data on school bond elections from dozens of states to estimate (a) the effects of capital expenditures on student achievement and house prices, (b) how they vary with bond and district characteristics, and (c) how they are shaped by the institutional environment. On average, we find positive effects on test scores and house prices, but with meaningful heterogeneity across bond characteristics, districts, and state institutions. We interpret these findings in a probabilistic voter model with budget-maximizing school districts. The model provides a foundation for quantitative evaluation of counterfactual political and fiscal institutions governing school capital finance.