Oz Hassan has published a piece with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he was previously a Visiting Scholar. Reassessing the European Strategy in Afghanistan analyses the EU’s approach to reconstruction efforts and democracy assistance following the 2001 invasion and shows why the EU approach was deeply flawed. It argues that the EU will now have to accept lower policy ambitions following the 2021 defeat and start adjusting to a post-American world - available here: https://carnegieeurope.eu/2021/11/17/reassessing-european-strategy-in-afghanistan-pub-85776