Publications
2025
S. Becker, C.T. Kurz, R. Schnitzler, J. Geppert, L.-M. Wichelhaus, R. Denz, J. Pöpping, M. Rembecki, D.M. Berres, J.T. Strauch, D.G. Bates, G. Erdoes, N. Timmesfeld, and P.K. Zahn, "Individualized Flow-Controlled versus Pressure-Controlled Ventilation in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial", submitted, 2025.
Article
H. Yu, S. Saffaran, L. Weaver, R. Tonelli, L. Menga, Q. Zhang, M. Einollahzadeh Samadi, A. Schuppert, J.G. Laffey, L. Camporota, T.E. Scott, A. Ali, A.M. Esquinas, D.L. Grieco, M. Antonelli, L. Martins de Lima, L. Kawano-Dourado; I.S. Maia, A. Biasi Cavalcanti, E. Clini and D.G. Bates, "Early prediction of non-invasive ventilation outcome using the TabPFN machine learning model: a multi-centre validation study." Intensive Care Medicine, (2025).
H. Shamohammadi, S. Saffaran, R. Tonelli, V. Chiavieri, G. Grasselli, E. Clini, T. Mauri, and D.G. Bates, "Digital twins suggest a mechanistic basis for differing responses to increased flow rates during high-flow nasal cannula therapy", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 13, 66 (2025).
H. Yu, S. Saffaran, R. Tonelli, J.G. Laffey, Q. Zhang, A.M. Esquinas, L. Martins de Lima, L. Kawano-Dourado, I.S. Maia, A.B. Cavalcanti, E.Clini, and D.G. Bates, "The Importance of Accurate Measurement of Respiratory Rate in Predicting the Outcome of High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy", submitted, 2025.
Article
W. Joy, B. Albanese, D. Oakley, S. Mistry, Kateryna Nikulina, Andreas Schuppert, Gernot Marx, B. Brook, J.G. Hardman, J.G. Laffey, L. Rose, L. Camporota, T.E. Scott, D.G. Bates, and S. Saffaran, "Digital twins to evaluate the risk of ventilator induced lung injury during airway pressure release ventilation compared to pressure-controlled ventilation", submitted, 2025.
Article
S.M.H. Hajkarim, P.P. Menon, N. Yehya, W. Joy, D.G. Bates, and S. Saffaran, "Safety-Guaranteed Lung-Protective Mechanical Ventilation using Digital Twins and Reinforcement Learning", to appear in Proceedings of the 47th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Copenhagen, 2025.
Article
L. Weaver, H. Shamohammadi, S. Saffaran, and D.G. Bates, "Using Digital Twins to Assess the Accuracy of Mechanical Power Equations in Non-Invasive Respiratory Support", to appear in Proceedings of the 47th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Copenhagen, 2025.
Article
H. Yu, S. Saffaran, R. Tonelli, J.G. Laffey, A.M. Esquinas, L. Martins de Lima, L. Kawano-Dourado, I.S. Maia, A. Biasi Cavalcanti, E. Clini, and D.G. Bates, "Machine learning models compared with current clinical indices to predict the outcome of high flow nasal cannula therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure", Critical Care, 29(101) 2025.
H. Shamohammadi, L. Weaver, S. Saffaran, R. Tonelli, M. Laviola, J.G. Laffey, L. Camporota, T.E. Scott, J.G. Hardman, E. Clini, and D.G. Bates, "Airway pressures generated by high flow nasal cannula in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A computational study", Respiratory Research, 26:9, 2025.
2024
L. Weaver, D. Hannon, S. Saffaran, J.G Laffey, and D.G. Bates, "Computational modeling of prone positioning: initial validation of a new model", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 12 (suppl 1):001651, 2024.
L. Weaver, H. Shamohammadi, S. Saffaran, R. Tonelli, M. Laviola, J.G. Laffey, L. Camporota, T.E. Scott, J.G. Hardman, E.M. Clini, and D.G. Bates, "Digital twins of acute hypoxic respiratory failure patients suggest a mechanistic basis for success and failure of non-invasive ventilation", Critical Care Medicine, 10.1097, 2024.
2023
S. Mistry, T.E. Scott, B. Jugg, R. Perrott, S.Saffaran, and D.G. Bates, "An in-silico porcine model of phosgene-induced lung injury predicts clinically relevant benefits from application of continuous positive airway pressure up to 8 hours post exposure", Toxicology Letters, 2023.
C.S. Barakat, K. Sharafutdinov, J. Busch, S. Saffaran, D.G. Bates, J.G Hardman, A. Schuppert, S. Brynjólfsson, S. Fritsch and M. Riedel, "Developing an Artificial Intelligence-Based Representation of a Virtual Patient Model for Real-Time Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome", Diagnostics, 13(12), 2098, 2023.
C. Daudre-Vignier, D.G. Bates, T.E. Scott, J.G. Hardman and M. Laviola, "Evaluating Current Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation using an Integrated Computational Model of the Cardiopulmonary System", Resuscitation, 2023.
K. Sharafutdinov, S.J. Fritsch, M. Iravani, P.F. Ghalati, S. Saffaran, D.G. Bates, J.G. Hardman, R. Polzin, H. Mayer, G. Marx, J. Bickenbach and A. Schuppert, "Computational simulation of virtual patients reduces dataset bias and improves machine learning-based detection of ARDS from noisy heterogeneous ICU datasets", IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2023.
2022
L. Weaver, S. Saffaran, M. Chikhani, J.G. Laffey, T.E. Scott, L. Camporota, J.G. Hardman, and D.G. Bates, "Why reduced inspiratory pressure could determine success of non-invasive ventilation in acute hypoxic respiratory failure", in proceedings of the 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Glasgow, July 2022.
S. Mistry, B.B. Brook, S. Saffaran, M. Chikhani, D. Hannon, J.G. Laffey, T.E. Scott, L. Camporota, J.G. Hardman, and D.G. Bates, "A computational cardiopulmonary physiology simulator accurately predicts individual patient responses to changes in mechanical ventilator settings", in proceedings of the 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Glasgow, July 2022.
T.C. Kwok, C. Henry, S. Saffaran, M. Meeus, D.G. Bates, D. Van Laere, G. Boylan, J.P. Boardman, and D. Sharkey, "Application and potential of artificial intelligence in neonatal medicine", Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2022.
S. Mistry, A. Das, S. Saffaran, L. Camporota, T.E. Scott, J.G. Hardman, N. Yehya and D.G. Bates, "Validation of at-the-bedside formulae for estimating ventilator driving pressure during airway pressure release ventilation using computer simulation", Respiratory Research, 2022.
L. Weaver, A. Das, S. Saffaran, N. Yehya, M. Chikhani, T.E. Scott, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, L. Camporota and D.G. Bates, "Optimising respiratory support for early COVID-19 pneumonia: a computational modelling study", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 128(6):1052e1058, 2022.
D. Hannon, S. Mistry, A. Das, S. Saffaran, J.G. Laffey, B.S. Brook, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Modeling mechanical ventilation in silico – potential and pitfalls", Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Special Issue on Mechancial Ventilation, 2022.
L. Weaver, D.G. Bates and L. Camporota, "Positive end expiratory pressure in invasive and non-invasive ventilation of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome", Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Springer, 2022.
2021
S. Mistry, A. Das, J.G. Hardman, D.G. Bates and T.E. Scott, "Pre-hospital continuous positive airway pressure after blast lung injury and hypovolaemic shock: a modelling study", British Journal of Anaesthesia, Special Issue on Mass Casualty Events, 128(2):151:157, 2021.
C. Daudre-Vignier, M. Laviola, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Identification of an optimal CPR chest compression protocol", in proceedings of the 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2021.
L. Weaver, A. Das, S. Saffaran, N. Yehya, T.E. Scott, M. Chikhani, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, L. Camporota and D.G. Bates, "High risk of patient self-inflicted lung injury in COVID-19 with frequently encountered spontaneous breathing patterns: a computational study", Annals of Intensive Care, 11:109, 2021.
M. Laviola, C. Niklas, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Ventilation strategies for front of neck airway rescue: an in silico study", British Journal of Anaesthesia, DOI:10.1016/j.bja.2021.01.030, 2021.
2020
A. Das, S. Saffaran, M. Chikhani, T.E. Scott, M. Laviola, N. Yehya, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, and D.G. Bates, "In silico modeling of COVID-19 ARDS: pathophysiological insights and potential management implications", Critical Care Explorations, 2020.
J. Laffey, M. Chikhani, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Supporting more than one patient with a single mechanical ventilator: useful last resort or unjustifiable risk?", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2020.
T.E. Scott, A. Das, M. Haque, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Management of primary blast lung injury: A comparison of airway pressure release versus low tidal volume ventilation", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 2020.
S. Saffaran, A. Das, J.G. Laffey, J.G. Hardman, N. Yehya and D.G. Bates, "Utility of driving pressure and mechanical power to guide protective ventilator settings in two cohorts of adult and pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A computational investigation", Critical Care Medicine, 2020.
M. Laviola, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Mathematical and Computational Modelling in Critical Illness". European Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases. 5(1), 2020.
M. Laviola, C. Niklas, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Effect of oxygen fraction on airway rescue: a computational modelling study", British Journal of Anaestheisa 125(1):e69-e74, 2020.
2019
M. Haque, T.E. Scott, A. Das, I. Cliff, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in casualties suffering from primary blast lung injury: A modeling study", in proceedings of the 41st IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medicine Conference, Berlin, 2019.
M. Laviola, C. Niklas, A. Das, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "High oxygen fraction during airway opening is key to effective airway rescue in obese subjects", in proceedings of the 41st IEEE Engineering in Biology and Medicine Conference, Berlin, 2019.
S. Saffaran, A. Das, J.G. Hardman, N. Yehya and D.G. Bates, "High-fidelity Computational Simulation to Refine Strategies for Lung-Protective Ventilation in Paediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome", Intensive Care Medicine, 2019.
A. Das, L. Camporota, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "What links ventilator driving pressure with survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome? A computational study", Respiratory Research, 20:29, 2019.
M. Laviola, A. Das, M. Chikhani, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman, "Computer simulation clarifies mechanisms of carbon dioxide clearance during apnoea", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2019.
2018
M. Haque, A. Das, T.E. Scott, D.G. Bates, and J.G. Hardman, "The primary blast lung injury simulator: A new computerised model", Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 2018.
S. Saffaran, W. Wang, A. Das, W. Schmitt, J.G. Hardman, G. Weimann and D.G. Bates, "An inhaled sGC modulator can lower PH in COPD patients without deteriorating oxygenation", CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, 2018.
2017
M. Laviola, A. Das, M. Chikhani, D.G. Bates and J.G. Hardman "Investigating the effect of cardiac oscillations and deadspace gas mixing during apnea using computational simulation", in proceedings of the 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, JeJu Island, S. Korea, 2017.
S. Saffaran, A. Das, J.G. Hardman, N. Yehya, and D.G. Bates, "Development and Validation of a Computational Simulator for Pediatric ARDS Patients", in proceedings of the 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, JeJu Island, S. Korea, 2017.
A. Das, M. Haque, M. Chikhani, O. Cole, W. Wang, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Hemodynamic effects of lung recruitment maneuvers in acute respiratory distress syndrome", BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 17:34, 2017.
2016
M. Chikhani, A. Das, M. Haque, W. Wang, D.G. Bates, and J.G. Hardman, "High PEEP in ARDS: evaluating the trade-off between improved oxygenation and decreased oxygen delivery", British Journal of Anaesthesia, 117 (5): 650–8 (2016), 2016.
A. Das, M. Haque, M. Chikhani, W. Wang, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Creating Virtual ARDS Patients", in proceedings of the 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Orlando, 2016.
2015
W. Wang, A. Das, O. Cole, M. Chikhani, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Computational simulation indicates that moderately high frequency ventilation can allow safe reduction of tidal volumes and airway pressures in ARDS patients", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 3(1), 1-12, 2015.
A. Das, M. Haque, M. Chikhani, W. Wang, T. Ali, O. Cole, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Development of an Integrated Model of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiology for the Evaluation of Mechanical Ventilation Strategies", in Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference, Milano, 2015.
A. Das, O. Cole, M. Chikhani, W. Wang, T. Ali, M. Haque, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Evaluation of lung recruitment maneuvers in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome using computer simulation", Critical Care, 19:8, 2015.
2011-2014
W. Wang, A. Das, T. Ali, O. Cole, M. Chikhani, M. Haque, J.G. Hardman and D.G. Bates, "Can computer simulators accurately represent the pathophysiology of individual COPD patients?", Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 2:23, 2014.
A.Das, P.P. Menon, J. Hardman and D.G. Bates, “Optimization of Ventilation Settings for Pulmonary Disease States”, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 60(6):1599-607, 2013.
A. Das, Z. Gao, P.P. Menon, J. Hardman and D.G. Bates, “A Systems Engineering approach to validation of a pulmonary physiology simulator for clinical applications”, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, doi: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0224, 2011.