Lecturer: Valery Nakariakov

Weighting: 15 CATS

This module starts by introducing a hydrodynamic model of the Sun, which treats the solar matter as a fluid. It discusses how this theory, called magnetohydrodynamics, is used to model and understand phenomena like sunspots, coronal loops, prominences, solar flares, coronal mass ejections and space weather. The Sun also emits a stream of energetic charged particles in what is called the solar wind. The module will look at how the solar wind interacts with the Earth and other planets in the Solar System.

Aims:
To review the physics underlying the structure and the dynamics of the Sun using magnetohydrodynamics. It should discuss its ejections including the solar wind and how this interacts with planets in the Solar System.

Objectives:

By the end of the module, students should be able to:

• Explain structure of the Sun and the main features and phenomena observed on the solar surface and in the solar atmosphere
• Describe the physical processes at work in the Sun
• Describe the dynamic processes operating in the Sun, in terms of MHD
• Explain the solar wind and its interactions with planets in the Solar System

Syllabus:

Introduction to the Sun, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), magnetostatic equilibria, coronal loops, potential and force-free magnetic fields, application to prominences, magnetic reconnection, MHD coronal waves, helioseismology;

Structure of the solar wind, Parker solution, Parker spirals and co-rotating interaction regions, Heliosphere and heliopause;

Transients in the solar wind, coronal mass ejections, MHD shocks, Turbulence;

Earth’s magnetosphere, structure, co-rotating region: plasmasphere, radiation belts; Advective region: plasmapause, magnetotail, Dungey cycle; Substorms, aurora, ionosphere, concepts of space weather;

Comparative solar wind/planet interaction: Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, outlook beyond the solar system

Commitment: 30 Lectures

Assessment: 2 hour examination

Recommended Texts:
ER Priest, Solar Magnetohydrodynamics, Dordrecht ;
L Golub and JM Pasachoff, Nearest Star: The Surprising Science of Our Sun, Harvard Univ. press