Many tasks involve attention making it an important focus of research (e.g. driving, medical screening). My research investigates how people pay attention to their environment and how they use this information to inform preferences and decision making. The findings have many applications for health, economic and socially important tasks, such as how to improve search for cancers in medical images, how to improve human interaction with technology/Artificial Intelligence (AI) and how distraction interferes with road safety and driving (for example, by talking on mobile phones).
Dr Melina Kunar is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Warwick. Dr Kunar completed her PhD at the University of Birmingham before being awarded a Fellowship to work at the University of Bangor. She then went to Harvard Medical School, USA, to complete a Postdoctoral Research Fellowship where she investigated the human mechanisms of cognition and attention. Dr Kunar is an expert in attention and her current research examines human-AI interactions and how people attend to AI prompts in tasks such as medical screening for cancers. Her research also investigates optimal ways for humans to interact with AI and technology to maximize the benefits, while minimising the costs (such as over-reliance effects and bias). Other research interests include the impact of distraction and technology on attention. She has worked with driver education programs, police training forces and Local Authorities to educate road users about the importance of paying attention to the road and to minimise distraction while driving. Dr Kunar is a Turing Fellow at the Alan Turing Institute, the UK's National Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence.
- Taylor-Phillips, Sian, Jenkinson, David J., Stinton, Chris, Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., Freeman, Karoline, Mansbridge, Alice, Wallis, Matthew G., Kearins, Olive, Hudson, Sue, Clarke, Aileen, 2024. Fatigue and vigilance in medical experts detecting breast cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121 (11)
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2023. Framing the fallibility of computer aided detection aids cancer detection. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 8
- 'Gunnell, Daniel O. A., 'Kunar, Melina A., 'Richards, Rhiannon H., 'Watson, Derrick G., 2022. 'Telephone conversations affect the executive but not the alerting or orienting network. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied
- Kunar, Melina A., 2022. The optimal use of computer aided detection to find low prevalence cancers. Cognitive Research : Principles and Implications, 7
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., Taylor-Phillips, Sian, 2021. Double reading reduces miss errors in low prevalence search. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 27 (1), pp. 84-101
- Phelps, E. E., Wellings, R. M. (Richard M.), Kunar, Melina A., Hutchinson, Charles E., Griffiths, Frances, 2021. A qualitative study exploring the experience of viewing three?dimensional medical images during an orthopaedic outpatient consultation from the perspective of patients, health care professionals, and lay representatives. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 27 (2), pp. 333-343
- Gunnell, Daniel, Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2020. Having a phone conversation delays but does not disrupt cognitive mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 26 (2), pp. 199-217
- Gunnell, Daniel, Kunar, Melina A., Norman, Danielle, Watson, Derrick G., 2019. The hazards of perception : evaluating a change blindness demonstration within a real-world driver education course. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 4
- Kunar, Melina A., Cole, Louise, Cox, Angeline, Ocampo, Jessica, 2018. It is not good to talk : conversation has a fixed interference cost on attention regardless of difficulty. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 3
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., Tsetsos, Konstantinos, Chater, Nick, 2017. The influence of attention on value integration. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 79 (6), pp. 1615-1627
- Phelps, Emma Elizabeth, Wellings, Richard, Griffiths, Frances, Hutchinson, Charles E., Kunar, Melina A., 2017. Do medical images aid understanding and recall of medical information? An experimental study comparing the experience of viewing no image, a 2D medical image and a 3D medical image alongside a diagnosis. Patient Education and Counseling, 100 (6), pp. 1120-1127
- Kunar, Melina A., Thomas, Sally V., Watson, Derrick G., 2017. Time-based selection in complex displays : visual marking does not occur in multi-element asynchronous dynamic (MAD) search. Visual Cognition, 25 (1-3), pp. 215-224
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., Taylor-Phillips, Sian, Wolska, Julia, 2017. Low prevalence search for cancers in mammograms : evidence using laboratory experiments and computer aided detection. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 23 (4), pp. 369-385
- Kunar, Melina A., Ariyabandu, Surani, Jami, Zaffran, 2016. The down side of choice : having a choice benefits enjoyment but at a cost to efficiency and time in visual search. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 78 (3), pp. 736-741
- Alogna, V., Attaya, M., Aucoin, M. K, Bahnik, S., Birch, S., Birt, A. R., Bornstein, B., Bouwmeester, S., Brandimonte, M. A., Brown, C., Buswell, K., Carlson, C., Carlson, M., Chu, S., Cislak, A., Colarusso, M., Colloff, Melissa F., Dellapaoler, K. S., Delvenne, J. -F., Di Domenico, A. et al (Select to open full list), 2014. Registered replication report : Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9 (5), pp. 556-578
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., Cole, Louise (Researcher in Psychology), Cox, Angeline, 2014. Negative emotional stimuli reduce contextual cueing but not response times in inefficient search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67 (2), pp. 377-393
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2014. When are abrupt onsets found efficiently in complex visual search? : evidence from multi-element asynchronous dynamic search. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 40 (1), pp. 232-252
- Kunar, Melina A., Johnston, Rebecca, Sweetman, Hollie, 2013. A configural dominant account of contextual cueing : configural cues are stronger than colour cues. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67 (7), pp. 1366-1382
- Watson, Derrick G., Kunar, Melina A., 2012. Determining the capacity of time-based selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol.38 (No.2), pp. 350-366
- Russell, Nicholas C. C., Kunar, Melina A., 2012. Colour and spatial cueing in low-prevalence visual search. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65 (7), pp. 1327-1344
- Kunar, Melina A., Wolfe, Jeremy M., 2011. Target absent trials in configural contextual cuing. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, Vol.73 (No.7), pp. 2077-2091
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2011. Visual search in a multi-element asynchronous dynamic (MAD) world. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol.37 (No.4), pp. 1017-1031
- Kunar, Melina A., Rich, Anina N., Wolfe, Jeremy M., 2010. Spatial and temporal separation fails to counteract the effects of low prevalence in visual search. Visual Cognition, Vol.18 (No.6), pp. 881-897
- Watson, Derrick G., Kunar, Melina A., 2010. Visual marking and change blindness : moving occluders and transient masks neutralize shape changes to ignored objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol.36 (No.6), pp. 1391-1405
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, Stephen, Wolf, Jeremy M., 2008. The role of memory and restricted context in repeated visual search. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, Vol.70 (No.2), pp. 314-328
- Kunar, Melina A., Carter, Randall, Cohen, Michael, Horowitz , Todd S., 2008. Telephone conversation impairs sustained visual attention via a central bottleneck. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Vol.15 (No.6), pp. 1135-1140
- Rich, Anina N., Kunar, Melina A., Van Wert, Michael J., Hidalgo-Sotelo, Barbara, Horowitz, Todd S., Wolfe, Jeremy M., 2008. Why do we miss rare targets? Exploring the boundaries of the low prevalence effect. Journal of Vision, Vol.8 (No.15)
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, Stephen J., Wolfe, Jeremy M, 2008. Time to guide: evidence for delayed attentional guidance in contextual cueing. Visual Cognition, Vol.16 (No.6), pp. 804-825
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, Stephen, Horowitz, Todd S., Wolfe, Jeremy M., 2007. Does contextual cuing guide the deployment of attention?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol.33 (No.4), pp. 816-828
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., 2006. Object-based inhibitory priming in preview search: evidence from the ?top-up? procedure. Memory & Cognition, Vol.34 (No.3), pp. 459-474
- Kunar, Melina A., Shapiro, Kimron L., Humphreys, Glyn W., 2006. Top-up search and the attentional blink: a two-stage account of the preview effect in search. Visual Cognition, Vol.13 (No.6), pp. 677-699
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, S. J., Horowitz, T. S., Wolfe, J. M., 2006. Does contextual cueing guide the deployment of attention?. Journal of Vision, Vol.6 (No.6)
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, Stephen J., Wolfe, Jeremy M., 2006. Contextual cuing by global features. Perception & psychophysics, Vol.68 (No.7), pp. 1204-16
- Wolfe, J. M., Birnkrant, R. S., Kunar, Melina A., Horowitz, T. S., 2005. Visual search for transparency and opacity: attentional guidance by cue combination?. Journal of Vision, Vol.5 (No.3), pp. 257-274
- Fenske, Mark J., Raymond, Jane E., Kunar, Melina A., 2004. The affective consequences of visual attention in preview search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Vol.11 (No.6), pp. 1055-1061
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, Kelly J., Watson, Derrick G., 2003. When a reappearance is old news : visual marking survives occlusion.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol.29 (No.1), pp. 185-198
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, Kelly J., Hulleman, Johan, 2003. What is ?marked? in visual marking? Evidence for effects of configuration in preview search. Perception & Psychophysics, Vol.65 (No.6), pp. 982-996
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, Kelly J., 2003. Visual change with moving displays: more evidence for color feature map inhibition during preview search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol.29 (No.4), pp. 779-792
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, Kelly J., 2003. History matters: the preview benefit in search is not onset capture. Psychological Science, Vol.14 (No.2), pp. 181-185
- Kunar, Melina A., Braithwaite, J., Humphreys, G. W., 2002. Endogenous inhibitory control of selection: evidence from preview search. Psicologica, Vol.23, pp. 347-349
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, S. J., Horowitz, T. S., Wolfe, J. M.. Does contextual cueing guide the deployment of attention?. Vision Sciences Society (1), International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (2), Sarasota, USA (1) Boston, USA (2), 2006 (1) 2006 (2)
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, K. J.. Visual change with moving displays. The Experimental Psychology Society, Exeter, UK, 2003.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, K. J., Watson, Derrick G.. When a re-appearance is old news : visual marking survives occlusion. The Experimental Psychology Society, London, UK, Jan 2002
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., Taylor-Phillips, Sian, 2016. The low prevalence effect in mammograms : computer aided detection both benefits and impairs visual search for cancers. Experimental Psychology Society (EPS), Durham, 6-8 Apr 2016
- Kunar, Melina A., Yu, Miao, Tsetsos, Konstantinos, Chater, Nick, Watson, Derrick G., 2015. Attention! Now that I've got your attention let me sway your judgement : irrelevant, salient stimuli and extreme outliers affect decisions on value. European Conference on Visual Perception, Liverpool, 23-27 Aug 2015
- Jones, Katie, Watson, Derrick G., Kunar, Melina A., 2015. I know what you're doing! Awareness of other people?s intentions interfere with cognitive task performance. European Conference on Visual Perception, Liverpool, 23-27 Aug 2015
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2013. Can blinking items ever capture attention in MAD search?. 13th Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, Naples, Florida, 10-15 May 2013
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2011. It's still MAD : why don?t luminance onsets capture attention?. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, USA, 3-6 Nov 2011
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2010. It's a MAD visual world : how do we search it?. 10th Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, Naples, Florida, USA., 7-12 May 2010
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, S. J., Wolfe, J. M., 2009. No target, no effect: target absent trials in contextual cueing. Vision Sciences Society, Naples, USA, 2009.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Watson, Derrick G., 2009. When the world goes MAD : visual search with complex displays. 50th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 19-22 Nov 2009
- Kunar, Melina A., Carter, R., Cohen, Michael, Horowitz, T. S., 2008. Telephone conversation impairs visual attention via a central bottleneck. The Psychonomic Society, Chicago, USA, 2008.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Rich, A. N., Van Wert, M., Hidalgo-Sotelo, B., Horowitz, T. S., Wolfe, J. M., 2008. Why do we often miss infrequent targets in a visual search task?. The British Psychological Society, Southampton, UK, 2008.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, S. J., Wolfe, J. M., 2008. Why don't people use memory when repeatedly searching through an over-learned visual display?. Vision Sciences Society, Naples, USA, 2008.0
- Rich, A. N., Kunar, Melina A., Van Wert, M., Hidalgo-Sotelo, B., Wolfe, J. M., 2007. Do rare features pop-out? Exploring the boundaries of the prevalence effect. Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, USA, 2007.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, S. J., Wolfe, J. M., 2007. Time to guide: evidence for delayed attentional guidance in contextual cueing. Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, USA, 2007
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, S.J., Horowitz, T.S., Wolfe, J.M., 2007. Can attentional guidance account for the benefit in contextual cueing?. The Experimental Psychology Society and the Psychonomic Society, Edinburgh, UK, 2007.0
- Rich, A. N., Hidalgo-Sotelo, B., Kunar, Melina A., Van Wert, M., Wolfe, J. M., 2007. What happens during search for rare targets? Eye movements in low prevalence visual search. Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, USA, 2007.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Flusberg, S. J., Horowitz, T. S., Wolfe, J. M., 2006. Does contextual cueing guide the deployment of attention?. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2006
- Kunar, Melina A., Michod, K. O., Wolfe, J. M., 2005. When we use context in contextual cueing: evidence from multiple target locations. Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, USA, 2005.0
- Flusberg, S. J., Kunar, Melina A., Wolfe, J. M., 2005. In visual search, do average features of a scene guide attention?. Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, USA, 2005.0
- Birnkrant, R. S., Wolfe, J. M., Kunar, Melina A., Sng, M., 2004. Is shininess a basic feature in visual search?. Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, USA, 2004.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Shapiro, Y. L., 2004. ABC (Attentional Blink Calculation), Easy as 1, 2, 3: The Effect of T1 Difficulty on an Unmasked RSVP Stream. Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, USA, 01 January 2004
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, K. J., Hulleman, Johan, 2003. What is marked in visual marking?: evidence for effects of configuration in preview search. European Society of Cognitive Psychology, Granada. Spain, 2003.0
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, K. J., 2003. Visual change with moving displays. The Experimental Psychology Society, Exeter, 2003
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, G. W., Smith, K. J., Watson, D. G., 2002. When a re-appearance is old news : visual marking survives occlusion. The Experimental Psychology Society, London, UK, 2002
- Kunar, Melina A., Humphreys, Glyn W., Smith, K. J., 2002. History matters: the preview benefit in search is not onset capture. Experimental Psychology Conference, Leuven, Belgium, 2002.0
Title | Funder | Award start | Award end |
---|---|---|---|
EPS Small Grant:The Optimal Presentation of Computer Aided Detection in Low Prevalence Mammogram Search | Experimental Psychology Society - EPS | 07 Jan 2019 | 06 Jan 2020 |
Does double reading reduce miss errors of cancerous masses in simulated mammograms? | Experimental Psychology Society - EPS | 03 Nov 2015 | 02 Nov 2016 |
Do visual cues help or hinder decisions regarding the presence or absence of cancer indicators in simulated mammograms? | British Academy | 31 Aug 2013 | 31 Aug 2015 |
Improving breast cancer detection rates through understanding and modelling the patterns of radiologist performance | Breast Cancer Campaign | 01 Oct 2011 | 30 Sept 2014 |