News

Dr Matt Gibson has been awarded the RSC Macrogroup Young Researchers Medal for 2012. He will receive his medal at Conference in Durham in July this year, where he will also be giving a lecture. This medal is awarded to a UK-based scientist, normally under the age of 36 on 31 December of the preceding year, whose contributions to polymer science show outstanding promise for the future. This is excellent news for Matt and the Department of Chemistry. Congratulations to Matt!

http://www.rsc.org/Membership/Networking/InterestGroups/MacroUK/Awards/YoungResearchersMedal.asp

A lithography-free method for the fabrication of optically-thin plasmon-active metal window electrodes with a dense array of nano-sized apertures on glass and plastic substrates is reported. These remarkably robust, low sheet resistance electrodes simultaneously concentrate light and extract charge carriers in solution processed and vacuum deposited organic photovoltaics and outperform indium-tin oxide electrodes on flexible substrates

Plasmon-active nano-aperture window electrodes for organic photovoltaics

H. M. Stec, R. A. Hatton*, Advanced Energy Materials (2012) 3, 193-199.

The structures of various polymorphs of gallium oxide have been determined for the first time using neutron scattering techniques and publised in Chemistry, A European Journal. LINK

The low pressure-CVD growth of graphene on low-cost Cu foil and its resulting electronic properties has been reported by the Costantini Group in Nano Research, in collaboration with the Department of Physics, the University of St. Andrews and the ELLETRA synchrotron. In the long-term, commercialisation of graphene will require economical techniques for its fabrication on a large scale. Therefore, its growth under low-pressure conditions on low-cost polycrystalline Cu foils represents a strong step towards a number of graphene applications. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements demonstrate a weak electronic coupling between the graphene and Cu, suggesting only a weak interaction with the substrate. In contrast, during the growth process, the graphene induces interfacial reconstruction of the mostly (100) surface, forming (n10) facets that in turn further modify the growth dynamics. Consequently, two main preferred graphene orientations with respect to the Cu are found, which is shown to be a consequence of a mismatch epitaxy. Further details can be read at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12274-013-0285-y.

Ada Della Pia and Giovanni Costantini publish the Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy chapter for the Springer Surface Science Techniques book, Gianangelo Bracco and Bodil Holst (ed).

The Gibson Group publishes in Biomaterials Science on why certain (macro)molecules are capable of inhibiting ice crystal growth, inspired by antifeeze proteins.

The work, conducted in collaboration with Warwick Medical School provides insights into which structural features are essential for a (macro)molecule to inhibit ice crystal growth and why apparently similar compounds have opposing activity.

The ability to control ice crystal growth is a major technological challenge (anyone stuck at Heathrow or scraping their car...?) with many biotechnological applications.

Read the paper here

The Jones group in collaboration with UCL, Imperial College and the LCN investigate the effect of fluorination on the magnetic properties of phthalocyanine thin films in the Journal of Applied Physics.

In a recent issue of Angewandte Chemie the Warwick team of Emanuele Maggio, Natalia Martsinovich and Alessandro Troisi reports a new design strategy to improve dye sentitized solar cells. Good dyes, when excited by solar radiation, inject very rapidly an electron to the semiconductor they are adsorbed onto. However it is also desirable that, when they have lost the electron, these dyes are not neutralized again by the semiconductor. The authors combined ideas from group theory with their methodology to study electron transfer at the interface to propose a new family of dyes that inject the electron rapidly but are very reluctant to take the electron back.

Soft materials which can be molded into specific shapes and contain emulsion droplets or bubbles are an important class of materials and find use accross a wide range of disciplines. Think for example of shaving foam, margerine spreads, etc. An important class of soft materials are so-called hydrogels, which can be made from watersoluble polymer molecules and form a gel through crosslinking a phenonomenon that interconnects the polymer chains creating a network.

Stefan Bon and his team (BonLab) now has shown that hydrogel objects which contain large amounts of oil droplets (80 vol%) can be constructed through injection (molding) of an emulsified mixture of oil and a waterborne dispersion of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanogel particles, which are crosslinked through non-covalent interaction of 2-ureido-4[1H] pyrimidinone (UPy) groups.

Stefan Bon says "we are very excited that we can trap isolated oil droplets into hydrogels macroscopic objects, which can be re-shaped. For example, it is possible to make a cylindrical high internal phase emulsion hydrogel wire. The reversibility of the hydrogen bond formation means that these materials will have exciting physical and mechanical characteristics. Not only that, the use of the thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) allows us to shrink and thus squeeze the objects at elevated temperatures, which has potential interesting applications in triggered delivery of active ingredients and microscopic engines and motors."

Their findings are published in Chemical Communications (link to the paper), a journal by the Royal Society of Chemistry.

The Tim Jones group have collaborated with the Chris McConville group in physics to publish work in the Journal of Physical Chemistry C, exploring the optimisation of a solution processed vanadium oxide hole-extracting layer for organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells.

Daniel Phillips, a 2nd year PhD student in the Gibson Group, won the prize for best poster at the RSC Postgraduate Nanoscience Symposium held at the University of Birmingham.

Read some of Dan's publications in Chem Commun and Biomacromolecules

The Lewandowski group in collaboration with scientists from IBS Grenoble, ENS Lyon and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign report in the Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters one of the first comparisons of 200 ns MD simulation of a protein in a crystalline form with dynamic parameters obtained from solid-state NMR measurements. This study tests the accuracy of commonly applied procedures for the interpretation of experimental solid-state relaxation data in terms of dynamic modes and time scales.

Read the full article