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This case study consists of three mini cases that feature women leaders in different industry contexts. The cases highlight crucible moments for each leader, the influence of context on leadership style, gendered barriers, and opportunities to women's leadership. This case study presents opportunities for critical analysis of known leadership frameworks and opportunities for reflection on contemporary leadership needs.
Deliveroo launched its Initial Public Offering (IPO) on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) on 31 March 2021. This listing was preceded by much hype and anticipation for the tech business, but also criticism around its valuation from would-be investors. Following its listing, Deliveroo lost nearly a third of its valuation on the first day. This case study is centered on the business environment just before the IPO and the lead up to Deliveroo receiving the unenviable label as 'The Worst IPO in the history of the LSE'. Deliveroo has not completely shaken off this tag, given ongoing losses reported in its financial statements. The company now needs to justify its valuation to investors and obtain their buy-in in a turn-around strategy going forward.
Multiple explosion mechanisms have been proposed to explain type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Empirical modelling tools have also been developed that allow for fast, customised modelling of individual SNe and direct comparisons between observations and explosion model predictions. Such tools have provided useful insights, but the subjective nature with which empirical modelling is performed makes it difficult to obtain robust constraints on the explosion physics or expand studies to large populations of objects. Machine learning accelerated tools have therefore begun to gain traction. In this paper, we present riddler, a framework for automated fitting of SNe Ia spectral sequences up to shortly after maximum light. We train a series of neural networks on realistic ejecta profiles predicted by the W7 and N100 explosion models to emulate full radiative transfer simulations and apply nested sampling to determine the best-fitting model parameters for multiple spectra of a given SN simultaneously. We show that riddler is able to accurately recover the parameters of input spectra and use it to fit observations of two well-studied SNe Ia. We also investigate the impact of different weighting schemes when performing quantitative spectral fitting and show that best-fitting models and parameters are highly dependent on the assumed weighting schemes and priors. As spectroscopic samples of SNe Ia continue to grow, automated spectral fitting tools such as riddler will become increasingly important to maximise the physical constraints that can be gained in a quantitative and consistent manner.
This study investigated whether infants use iconicity in speech and gesture to interpret words. Thirty-six 14-17-month-old infants participated in a preferential looking task in which they heard a spoken non-word (e.g., "zudzud") while observing a small and a large object (e.g., a small and a large square). All infants were presented with an iconic cue for object size (small or large) in 1) the pitch of the spoken non-word (high vs. low), 2) in gesture (small or large), or 3) congruently in both pitch and gesture (e.g., a high pitch and a small gesture indicating a small square). Infants did not show a preference for congruently sized objects in any iconic cue condition. Bayes Factor analyses supported the null hypotheses. In conclusion, we found no evidence that infants link the pitch of spoken non- words, or the iconic gestures accompanying those spoken non- words, to object size.
For precise embryonic body plans to form, tight spatiotemporal control of molecules, pathways and morphological changes is required. Spatial information is communicated through highly conserved signalling pathways. One such pathway is the Nodal signalling pathway. Nodal signalling is required for mesoderm and endoderm formation, two of the primary germ layers. Moreover, Nodal signalling controls left-right asymmetry of vertebrate visceral organs. In zebrafish, two RNA-binding proteins have been established as nodal mRNA binders, regulating localisation and expression at early developmental stages. Ybx1 and Igf2bp3 are required for normal embryonic and germline development. Two of the earliest specified tissues in zebrafish embryos are the progenitor germ cells and the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer. Both of these are abnormal in ybx1 and igf2bp3 mutants. Moreover, Nodal signalling is elevated in these mutants. However, the precise molecules and pathways through which they act have yet to be determined. In this thesis, I identified misregulated genes in igf2bp3 mutants by RNAsequencing. I showed there is a reduction in germline components, as well as misregulated chemokine signalling, which is required for progenitor germ cell migration. Moreover, I showed there is elevated Nodal signalling and elevated YSL markers, consistent with the expanded YSL phenotype. To determine novel genes which may be important for YSL formation, I identified yolk-enriched transcripts through embryo dissections and RNAsequencing. By comparing YSL mutants and yolk-enriched genes, as well as direct targets of Igf2bp3, I reported a list of genes with potential YSL roles. In particular, I have identified Micall2a, a cytoskeletal regulator and Rab interactor. This is a highly conserved protein, known to regulate endocytic recycling and cell-cell junction formation in human cells. Further work will reveal Micall2a's role in YSL formation. Moreover, the expression of Micall2a in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts raises interesting questions regarding conserved mechanisms of syncytia formation.
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