Mahmood Mamdani, When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism and the Genocide in Rwanda (Oxford, James Currey: 2001), chapter 4.Further reading: A.M. Babu, ‘The 1964 Revolution: Lumpen or Vanguard’, in Abdul Sheriff & Ed Ferguson (eds.), Zanzibar Under Colonial Rule (James Currey, Oxford: 1991). Thomas Burgess, ‘Remembering Youth: Generation in Revolutionary Zanzibar’, Africa Today, 46, 2 (1999), pp.29-50. Thomas Burgess, ‘An Imagined Generation: Umma Youth in Nationalist Zanzibar’, In Search of a Nation: Histories of Authority and Dissidence in Tanzania (James Currey, Oxford: 2005), pp.216-49. Jonathon Glassman, ‘Sorting Out the Tribes: The Creation of Racial Identities in Colonial Zanzibar’s Newspaper Wars’, Journal of African History, 41, 3 (2000), pp.395-428. Jonathan Glassman, ‘Slower Than a Massacre: The Multiple Sources of Racial Thought in Colonial Africa’, American Historical Review, 109, 3 (2004), pp.720-54. Rene Lemarchand, Rwanda and Burundi (Pall Mall, London: 1970). Rachel van der Meeren, ‘Three Decades in Exile: Rwandan Refugees 1960-1990’, Journal of Refugee Studies, 9, 3 (1996), pp.252-67. Garth Myers, ‘Narrative Representations of Revolutionary Zanzibar’, Journal of Historical Geography, 26, 3 (2000), pp.429-88. M. Catharine Newbury, ‘Colonialism, Ethnicity, and Rural Political Protest: Rwanda and Zanzibar in Comparative Perspective’, Comparative Politics, 15, 3 (1983), pp.253-80. John Okello, Revolution in Zanzibar (Nairobi, East African Publishing House: 1967). Ian Speller, ‘An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 35, 2 (2007), pp.283-302.