Ali A. Mazrui, ‘Soldiers as Traditionalizers: Military Rule and the Re-Africanization of Africa’, World Politics, 28, 3 (1976), pp.246-72.Further reading: Tony Avirgan & Martha Honey, War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin (Zed Press, London: 1982). Samuel Decalo, Coups and Army Rule in Africa: Motivations and Constraints (Yale University Press, New Haven: 1990), chapters 1 & 4. Jeffrey Herbst, States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control (Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ: 2000), chapter 4.

Goran Hyden and Colin Leys, ‘Elections and Politics in Single-Party Systems: The Case of Kenya and Tanzania’, 2, 4 (1972), pp.389-420. Rene Lemarchand, Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1996), chapters 4 & 5. Mahmood Mamdani, Imperialism and Fascism in Uganda (Heinemann, Nairobi: 1983). David Martin, General Amin (Faber, London: 1974). James Mittelman, Ideology and Politics in Uganda: From Obote to Amin (Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY: 1975).

Paul Nugent, Africa Since Independence: A Comparative History (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2004), chapter 6. Peter Anyang’ Nyongo’, ‘State and Society in Kenya: The Disintegration of the Nationalist Coalitions and the Rise of Presidential Authoritarianism 1963-78’, African Affairs, 88, 351 (1989), pp.229-51. Jennifer A. Widner, The Rise of a Party-State in Kenya: From Harambee! to Nyayo! (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1993).