Primary Sources
Luis de León, The Perfect Wife (1583), Cowans, Early Modern Spain, A Documentary History (Philadelphia, 2003),pp. 117-125.

Core readings
Clendinnen, Inga, 'The Cost of Courage in Aztec Society', Past and Present, vol. 107 (1985)
Lewis, Laura “The ‘Weakness” of Women and the Feminization of the Indian in Colonial Mexico”, Colonial Latin American Review, vol. 5:1 (1996)
Montrose, Luis, “The Work of Gender in the Discourse of Discovery,” Representations, vol. 33 (1991), pp. 1-41 (also in New World Encounters, Steven Greenblatt (ed.), University of California (1993)
Pym, R., The Gypsies of Early Modern Spain (Palgrave, 2014), Chapter 5, Representations, e book available.
Scott, J., ‘Is Gender a Useful Category’, The American Historical Review, Vol. 91, No. 5 (Dec., 1986), pp. 1053-1075.

Further Readings
Butler, Judith, Bodies that Matter, On the discursive limits of “sex”’ (London, 1993).
Harrison, Regina “The Theology of Concupiscence: Spanish-Quechua Confessional Manuals in the Andes,” Coded Encounters: Writing, Gender and Ethnicity in Colonial Latin America, Cevallos-Candua, Francisco Javier et al (editors), University of Massachusetts Press (Amherst, 1994)
Lanz, Eukene, Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia (Routledge, 2014).
Perry, Mary Elizabeth, The Handless Maiden: Moriscos and the Politics of Religion in Early Modern Spain (Princeton, 2013).
----- Gender and Disorder in Early Modern Seville (Princeton, 1990).
Fradenburg, Louise, Premodern sexualities (London, 1966).
Gruzinski, Serge “Individualisation and Acculturation: Confession among the Nahuas of Mexico from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries,” in Sexuality and Marriage in Colonial Latin America, Asunción Lavrin (editor), University of Nebraska Press (Lincoln, 1989)
Restall, Matthew, ‘“He Wished it in Vain”: Subordination and Resistance among Maya Women in Post-Conquest Yucatán’, Ethnohistory, vol. 42:4 (1995).
Stavig, Ward “Living in Offense of Our Lord: Indigenous Sexual Values and Marital Life in the Colonial Crucible”, Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 75:4 (1995).
Silverblatt, Irene, Moon, Sun, and Witches: Gender Ideologies and Class in Inca and Colonial Peru (Princeton, 1987)

Key Questions
• How varied were gendered identities in the Iberian Peninsula?
• What affect did the Spanish conquest of the New World have on indigenous gendered identies?
• How did the Spanish Empire influence gendered identities?

Historiographical Theme: Gender History