Primary
‘The Surrender Treaty of the Kingdom of Granada’, in Cowans, J., Early Modern Spain, A Documentary History (Philadelphia, 2003), pp. 15-19.
‘The Requirement’, in Cowans, J., Early Modern Spain, A Documentary History (Philadelphia, 2003),pp. 34-36.

Core readings
O’Callaghan, Joseph F., Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain (Philadelphia, 2003), Chapter 8, The Liturgy of Reconquest and Crusade (ebook available).
Johnson, Roger A., ‘To Conquer and Convert: The Theological Tasks of the Voyages of Columbus’, Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 76, 1 (1993), pp. 12-28.
Seed, Patricia, Ceremonies of possession in Europe's conquest of the New World, 1492-1640 (Cambridge 1998), Introduction, and Chapter 3, ‘The Requirement, a protocol for conquest’ (ebook available).
Ricard, Robert, The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico, trans. Lesley Byrd Simpson (Berkeley, 1966), introduction (ebook available).

Further reading
Castro, Daniel, Another face of empire: Bartolomé de las Casas, indigenous rights, and ecclesiastical imperialism (Durham, 2007).

Key Questions
• What role did religion play in the violence experienced in the late medieval Iberian Peninsula and in the Spanish Empire?
• Did the role of religion and its relation to violence change?

Historiographical theme: history of violence