Readings:

Daston, Lorraine/Galison, Peter, Objectivity ( New York, 2007), Chapter 1: Epistemologies of the Eye, and Chapter 2: Truth-to-Nature

Extra: Look up the terms ‘objectivity’ and ‘subjectivity’ in dictionaries of your choice!

Further Readings:

Alpers, Svetlana, The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth-Century (Chicago, 1983)

Brain, Baigrie (ed.), Picturing Knowledge: Historical and Philosophical Problems Concerning the Use of Art in Science (Toronto, 1996).

Bredekamp, Horst, The Lure of Antiquity and the Cult of the Machine: The Kunstkammer und die Evolution of Nature, Art and Technology (Princeton, 1995)

Clarke, Bruce/Henderson Dalrymple, Linda, From Engery to Information: Representation in Science and Technology, Art and Literature (Stanford, 2002)

Crary, Jonathan, Techniques of the Observer (Cambridge, Mass., 1990).

Daston, Lorraine, ‘Nature by Design’, in Picturing Scienc, Producing Art ed. by Caroline Jones and Peter Galison (New York/London, 1998), pp. 232-253

Daston, Lorraine/Park Catharine, Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 (New York, 1998)

Fleck, Ludwik, Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact (1935) (Chicago, 1979) (the! classic everybody should have read)

Ford, Brian, Images of Science: A History of Scientific Illustration (London, 1992)

Jordanova, Ludmilla, ‘Gender, Generation and Science: William Hunter’s Obstetrical Atlas’, in William Hunter and the Eighteenth-Century Medical World, ed. by W.F. Bynum and Roy Porter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 385-412

Kemp, Martin, ‘Looking and Learning in some Anatomical Illustrations from the Renaissance and the Eighteenth Century’, W. Bynum and Roy Porter (eds.), Medicine and the Five Senses (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 85-121

Ibid., Seen/Unseen: Art and Science, and Intuition from Leonardo to the Hubble Telescope (Oxford, 2006)

Latour, Bruno, ‘Visualization and Cognition: Thinking with Eyes and Hands’, Knowledge and Society 6 (1986): pp. 1-40

Park, Katharine, ‘Impressed Images: Reproducing Wonder’, in Picturing Science, Producing Art, ed. by Caroline Jones and Peter Galison (New York/London 1998), pp. 254-71

Pomian, Krzytof, ‘Vision and Cognition’, in Picturing Science, Producing Art, ed. by Caroline Jones and Peter Galison (New York/London, 1998), pp. 211-229

Putscher, Marielene, Geschichte der Medizinischen Abbildung, 2 vols (Munich, 1972)

Rudwick, Martin, ‘The Emergence of a Visual Language for the Geological Science 1760- 1840’, History of Science XIV (1976), pp. 149-195

Shea, William, ‘The Rhetoric of Experiments and Scientific Illustrations in the Enlightenment’, in ibid., Science and the Visual Images in the Englightenment (2000), pp. 39-56

Shea, William (ed.), Science and the Visual Images in the Englightenment (2000)

Stafford, Barbara, Artful Science: Enlightenment Entertainment and the Eclipse of Visual Education (Cambridge, Mass., 1994)

Ibid., Body Criticism: Imaging the Unseen in the Enlightenment Art and Medicine (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), pp. 47-120

Ibid., ‘Images of Ambiguity: Eighteenth-Century Microscopy and the either/or’, in Vision of Empire: Voyages, Botanty, and Representation of Nature, ed. by David Philip Miller and Peter Hanns Reill (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 230-257