Illustrative Bibliography

• Denis R. Alexander and Ronald L. Numbers (eds.) Biology and Ideology: From Descartes to Dawkins (Chicago, 2010)
• Warwick Anderson, The Cultivation of Whiteness: Science, Health, and Racial Destiny in Australia (Durham, 2006)
• David Arnold, Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies (Manchester, 1988)
• David Arnold (ed.), Warm Climates and Western Medicine (Amsterdam, 1996)
• David Bindman, Ape to Apollo: Aesthetics and the Idea of Race in the Eighteenth Century (London, 2002)
• Patrick Brantlinger, Dark Vanishings: Discourse on the Extinction of Primitive Races, 1800-1930 (Ithaca, 2003)
• Alice L. Conklin, In the Museum of Man: Race, Anthropology, and Empire in France, 1850-1950 (Ithaca, 2013)
• Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange (Westport, 1972)
• Pratik Chakrabarti, Medicine and Empire, 1600-1960 (Palgrave, 2013)
• Philip Curtin, Death by Migration: Europe’s Encounter with the Tropical World in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, 1989)
• L. Perry Curtis, Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature, Revised Ed. (Washington, 1997)
• James Daschuk, Clearing the Plains: Disease, Politics of Starvation, and the Loss of Aboriginal Life (Regina, 2013)
• Saul Dubow, Scientific Racism in Modern South Africa (Cambridge, 1995)
• Tom Griffiths and Libby Robin (eds.), Ecology and Empire: Environmental History of Settler Societies (Edinburgh, 1997)
• Ivan Hannaford, Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Washington, 1996)
• Mark Harrison, Climates and Constitutions: Health, Race, Environment and British Imperialism, 1600-1850 (Oxford, 1999)
• Nicholas Hudson: ‘From “Nation” to “Race”: The Origins of Racial Classification in Eighteenth-Century Thought,’Eighteenth-Century Studies 29 (1996), 247-264.
• Eric T. Jennings, Curing the Colonizers: Hydrotherapy, Climatology, and French Colonial Spas (Durham, 2005)
• Philippa Levine, Prostitution, Race and Politics: Policing Venereal Diseases in the British Empire (London, 2003)
• J. R. McNeil, ‘The Ecological Basis of Warfare in the Caribbean, 1700-1904’ in M. Ultee (ed.) Adapting to Conditions: War and Society in the Eighteenth Century (Alabama, 1986), 26-42.
• Ronald L. Numbers (Ed.) Medicine in the New World: New Spain, New France, and New England (Knoxville, 1987)
• Paolo Palladino and Michael Worboys, ‘Science and Imperialism’, Isis 84 (1993), 91-102
• Sadiah Qureshi: Peoples on Parade: Exhibitions, Empire, and Anthropology in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Chicago, 2011)
• Michael Sappol and Stephen P. Rice (eds.), A Cultural History of the Human Body in the Age of Empire (London, 2014)
• Londa Schiebinger, Nature’s Body: Gender and the Making of Modern Science (Rutgers, 2003)
• Nancy Stepan, The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain, 1800-1960 (London, 1982)

 
Sample Primary Source Extracts

• James Johnson, The Influence of Tropical Climates on European Constitutions (1827)
• Benjamin Moseley, A Treatise on Tropical Diseases; On Military Operations; and on the Climate of the West Indies (1789)
• Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle (1839)
• Charles White, Account of the Regular Gradation in Man, and in Different Animals and Vegetables (1799)
• Hannah Augstein, Race: The Origins of an Idea, 1760-1850 (Bristol, 1996)
• House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, Contagious Diseases: A Bill for the Prevention of Contagious Diseases at Certain Naval and Military Stations (1864)