Slides for class

* What was the relationship between Brazil and Africa before 1850?

* What explanations have historians given for the ending of the Atlantic trade to Brazil in about 1850? Why did the law "stick" in 1850-1, but not in earlier attempts to abolish the trade?

* Why did slavery survive in Brazil after the trade ended in 1850?

Core reading: please read Mary Karasch and then choose at least 1 other:

Mary C Karasch, Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro (1985) chapter 1, "The Nations of Rio"

Graden, Dale T. “Slave Resistance and the Abolition of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade to Brazil in 1850.” História Unisinos (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), 14:3 (Sept/Dec 2010)283-94.

Jeffrey Needell, "The Abolition of the Brazilian Trade in 1850: Historiography, Slave Agency and Statesmanship," JLAS, 33:4 (2001): 681-711.

Richard Graham, "Another Middle Passage?" in Johnson, Walter, ed. The Chattel Principle: Internal Slave Trades in the Americas. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005 (Chapter 13, pp. 291-324)

Further Reading:

Primary sources:

The Biography of Mahomma Gardo Baquaqua: His Passage from Slavery to Freedom in Africa and America, eds. Robin Law and Paul Lovejoy, 2007. Several copies at library, being placed on short loan.

Robert Conrad, Children of God's Fire: A Documentary History of Black Slavery in Brazil. Several copies at library; being placed on short loan.

Secondary sources:

Luis Felipe de Alencastro, The Trade in the Living: The Formation of Brazil in the South Atlantic, Sixteenth to Seventeenth Centuries, 2018

Roquinaldo Ferreira, Cross-Cultural Exchange in the Atlantic World: Angola and Brazil during the Era of the Slave Trade (CUP, 2012)

Chalhoub, Sidney, “The Politics of Disease Control: Yellow Fever and Race in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 25:3 (Oct 1993):441-463.

Slenes, Robert, chapter on the Brazilian internal trade in Johnson, ed. The Chattel Principle: Internal Slave Trades in the Americas.

Conrad, Robert E. World of Sorrow: The African Slave Trade to Brazil. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986. Chapter 8: “A New Forced Migration: The Interprovincial Slave Trade,” pp 171-191

Yuko Miki, “Fleeing into Slavery: The Insurgent Geographies of Brazilian Quilombolas (Maroons), 1880-1881.” The Americas, 68:4 (April 2012): 495-528.

On Brazilian history generally, there are lots more useful materials on my second-year course page, "The Country of the Future: A History of Modern Brazil."