Week 5: Social Rights from Above and Below
Social Rights from above and below (1929-73): Socialism, nationalism, populism, revolution
How did the nature of rights afforded by Latin American states change in the twentieth century? What impact did the twentieth century revolutions have on rights discourses? What was the contribution of Latin American states to the international human rights system?
Primary Sources:
International Covenant of Social, Economic and Cultural Rights.
Che Guevarra, The Debate at Punta del Este, 1961.
Speeches of Eva Peron (Argentina 1951), Eva Peron on Women's Suffrage (Argentina 1947).
Daniel James " Peron and the People" and Tomas Eloy Martinez "Santa Evita" in Gabriela Nouzeilles and Graciela Montaldo (eds.) The Argentina Reader: History Culture and Politics. Duke, 2002, pp. 273-303.
TUC documents relating to South America, 1929-1946. MRC.
TUC documents reating to South America, 1946-1949. MRC.
TUC documents relating to Mexico, 1926-1940. MRC.
Core Reading:
Secondary sources:
Alan McPherson, and Yannick Wehrli (eds.) Beyond Geopolitics : New Histories of Latin America at the League of Nations, University of New Mexico Press, 2015. (Part 2: Labour-chapter of your choice)
and/ or
Okezi Otovo, Progressive Mothers, Better Babies: Race, Public Health and the State in Brazil, 1850-1945.University of Texas Press, 2016. (Especially Chapter 5 and Introduction if it helps).
Primary sources:
What do the primary sources tell us about mid-twentieth-century populist governments relationship with labour and their approach to social rights?
Juan Peron's Bill of Worker's Rights, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1947. MRC.
Look at this trade union leaflet about social security from Brazil. What are the limitations as a source for you as a researcher? Are there any ways that you could use it despite the limitations? What other information would you need to find in order to use the source?
Background Reading:
Robert M Levine, Father of the Poor? Vargas and his Era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998) chapter 3, “The Estado Novo,” pp 50-74 a
Relevant Chapters of Matthew Brown or Alexander Dawson's readers).
Further Reading:
Carlos Aguirre and Paulo Drinot. The Peculiar Revolution: Rethinking the Peruvian Experiment Under Military Rule. University of Texas Press, 2017.
Paulina Alberto. Terms of Inclusion: Black Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century Brazil. University of North Carolina Press, 2011, Chapters 2 and 3.
Carmagnani, Marcello. The Other West : Latin America from Invasion to Globalization, University of California Press, 2011. Chapter 5.
Matthew Craven, The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: A Perspective on Its Development. Oxford, 1995.
Jerry Dávila. Diploma of whiteness: race and social policy in Brazil, 1917-1945. 2003.
Paolo Drinot, 'Creole Anti-Communism: Labor, the Peruvian Communist Party and APRA, 1930-1934.' Hispanic American Historical Review, 92:4, 2012 703-736.
Eduardo Elena, E. "Argentina in black and white: Race, Peronism, and the color of politics, 1940s to the present." In P. Alberto & E. Elena (Eds.), Rethinking Race in Modern Argentina . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, 184-210.
Paulo Fontes, Migration and the Making of Industrial São Paulo. Duke University Press, 2016.
Linda Fuller, Work and Democracy in Socialist Cuba. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.
Roberto Garagella. Latin American Constitutionalism, 1810-2010: The Engine Room of the Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. (Chapters 6 and 7)
Guy, Donna J.. Women Build the Welfare State: Performing Charity and Creating Rights in Argentina, 1880-1955, Duke University Press, 2009. (Chapter 6)
Jaymie Patricia Heilman. Before the Shining Path : Politics in Rural Ayacucho, 1895-1980, Stanford University Press, 2010. (Relevant Chapters)
Kaitlyn Henderson. Race, Discrimination, and the Cuban Constitution of 1940. Hispanic American Historical Review 1 May 2020; 100 (2): 257–284.
Daniel James, Resistance and Integration: Peronism and the Argentine Working Class, 1946 -1976. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Alan Knight. “Populism and Neo-Populism in Latin America, Especially Mexico.” Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, 1998, p. 223.
Florencia E. Mallon. The Defense of Community in Peru's Central Highlands: Peasant Struggle and Capitalist Transition, 1860-1940. Princeton, 2014.
Roxborough, Ian. “The Urban Working Class and Labour Movement in Latin America since 1930.” The Cambridge History of Latin America, edited by Leslie Bethell, vol. 6, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 305–378. The Cambridge History of Latin America.
Snodgrass, Michael. Deference and Defiance in Monterrey: Workers, Paternalism, and Revolution in Mexico, 1890-1950. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Magdalena Sepúlveda,The Nature of the Obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (Antwerp, 2003).
Marcela García Sebastiani, ‘The Other Side of Peronist Argentina: Radicals and Socialists in the Political Opposition to Perón (1946–1955)’, Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 35 (2003), pp. 311–339.
Alberto Spektorowski, 'The Ideological Origins and Right and Left Nationalism in Argentina, 1930-1943', Journal of Contemporary History , Vol. 29, No. 1 (1994), pp. 155-184.
William Suarez Potts, “The Ambiguity of Labor Justice in Mexico, 1907-1931,” in Leon Fink and Juan Manuel Palacio, eds., Labor Justice across the Americas University of Illinois Press, 2018.
Cheryl B. Welch, ‘Liberalism and Social Rights’ in Murray Milgate and Cheryl B. Welch (eds.), Critical Issues in Social Thought (London, 1989).
Barbara Weinstein, The Colour of Modernity: São Paulo and the Making of Race and Nation in Brazil. Duke University Press, 2015.
Cliff Welch, The seed was planted: the Säo Paulo roots of Brazil's rural labor movement, 1924-1964. 1999.
Daryle Williams, Culture wars in Brazil: the first Vargas regime, 1930-1945. 2001.
Joel Wolfe, Working Women, Working Men: São Paulo and the Rise of Brazil's Industrial Working Class, 1900–1955. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993.
Daniel J. Whelan, Indivisible Human Rights – A History (Univ. of Pennsylvania, 2010).