The majority of the plant proteins that humans and animals eat are produced and stored in the secretory pathway, which is a system of organelles found inside each plant cell, starting with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – a network of membrane tubules that resembles a fishnet – and ending with the vacuole – a large container that can act as both a storage compartment or a dustbin, depending on the cell type.
We study how the endoplasmic reticulum gets its peculiar shape and how this shape relates to its function as a protein assembly factory. When pests or bacterial pathogens attack a plant, the ER changes shape very rapidly. We are trying to work out how this shape change helps the plant protect itself.
We also study how the vacuole changes its function from a site of degradation into a container of protein accumulation during the maturation of plant seeds. Understanding these processes is essential for exploiting the capacity of plants to produce and accumulate large amounts of nutritious, or high-value proteins.
Research: Technical Summary
We use a combination of plant genetics, biochemistry and live imaging to study the biogenesis of secretory pathway organelles in plant cells. In particular, we are interested in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphogenic proteins and how they affect ER architecture and function, especially under biotic stress.
We also study the biogenesis of protein storage vacuoles (PSV) in plant seeds. PSV are the main repository of proteins in seeds, therefore essential for human and plant nutrition. We have recently established that PSV arise from pre-existing embryonic lytic vacuoles during seed maturation. We are now elucidating the steps that convert a protease-rich, degradative organelle into a haven for seed storage proteins
PhD Plant Genetics. Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore 1995
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Doctoral Training Network: AGILE (Advanced Training for Next Generation Scientists in Spatio-Temporal Imaging of Plant Cells)
European Commission
01 March 2026
28 February 2030
A broadly accessible and versatile spinning disc microscope to probe biological processes across temporal and spatial scales (BBSRC Alert 2025)
BBSRC
01 August 2025
31 July 2026
Shapeshifting: how is plant ER architecture manipulated by pathogen effectors? - BBSRC standard research grant
BBSRC
01 June 2022
30 November 2025
21ENGBIO - Converting a cellular dustbin into a protein storing organelle
BBSRC
15 February 2023
31 March 2024
Phase separation drives the development of protein storage vacuoles
Leverhulme Trust
04 January 2021
30 November 2023
A broadly accessible facility microscope to probe nanoscale cellular dynamics by combined live cell super-resolution microscopy and photomanipulation (BBSRC ALERT 2021)
BBSRC
01 August 2022
31 July 2023
The cell biology of rubber biosynthesis - the endoplasmic reticulum connection
Leverhulme Trust
01 June 2016
31 May 2019
13 ERA-CAPS PER ASPERA Frigerio
BBSRC
01 July 2014
31 December 2017
GCRF IAA
BBSRC
17 October 2016
31 March 2017
Studentship for Daniel Brown, funded by TARRC. Project increasing latex yield in the rubber tree Hevea brasilensis by targeted expression of aquaporins.
Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre (TARRC)
01 October 2012
30 September 2016
Tissue specific aquaporin expression for plant water stress resistance
BBSRC
01 October 2012
31 May 2016
A facility for 3D cellular imaging that bridges light and electron microscopy (BSRC ALERT 14 Equipment grant)
BBSRC
21 January 2015
20 January 2016
Studying the biogenesis of protein storage vacuoles by reprogramming leaf development
Leverhulme Trust
01 January 2012
31 December 2014
Developing interdisciplinary omics tools for organelle and cell type-specific analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana
New Phytologist Trust
01 September 2014
30 September 2014
BSCB Summer Vacation placement - Stephanie Rippon
British Society for Cell Biology
03 July 2013
14 August 2013
How are proteins sorted to storage vacuoles in plant seeds?
Leverhulme Trust
01 July 2007
30 June 2010
The role and impact of endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation in plant cells.
Leverhulme Trust
01 March 2007
28 February 2010
Analysis of Factors Regulating the plant Secretory Pathway
British Council
01 July 2008
30 June 2009
Maximising the yield of plant-made immunoglobulins
Wellcome Trust
01 October 2006
30 September 2008
Plant-derived pharmaceuticals for human health pharmaplant - FP6 (IP)
European Commission
01 February 2004
31 January 2008
Determination of the spatial & temporal parameters governing protein translocation pathways