Assigned Readings:

Quataert, chapter 5.

Rifa'at Ali Abou-el-Haj, "The Formal Closure of the Ottoman Frontier in Europe, 1699-1703," Journal of the American Oriental Society 89 (1969).

Primary Source: The Treaty of Karlowitz between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, 1699.

Seminar Questions:

• Why did Ottoman military capability weaken vis-à-vis the European states in the eighteenth century?
• What do new diplomatic practices in the eighteenth century reveal about the Ottomans’ perception of their place in the world?

Further Reading:

Rifa‘at Ali Abou-el-Haj, “Ottoman Attitudes towards Peace-Making: The Karlowitz Case,” Der Islam 51 (1974)

Gabor Agoston, Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005)

Virginia Aksan, An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700-1783 (Brill, 1995).

Virginia Aksan, Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged (Pearson, 2007).

Thomas Naff, “Ottoman Diplomatic Relations with Europe in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns and Trends,” in Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History, ed. Thomas Naff and Roger Owen (Southern Illinois University Press, 1977), 88-107.

Geoffrey Parker, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).