Assigned Reading:

Quataert, chapter 4.

Virginia Aksan, Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged (Pearson, 2007). Chapter 5.

Primary Source: Hatt-i Şerif of Gülhane and Islahat Fermanı, edited by James Gelvin in The Modern Middle East: A History.

Seminar Questions:

• To what extent were the Ottoman reformers imitating Europe?
• How did military and bureaucratic reform change the balance of power among different groups in Ottoman society?

Further Reading:

Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt (American University in Cairo Press, 2002)

Khaled Fahmy, Mehmed Ali: From Ottoman Governor to Ruler of Egypt (Oneworld, 2009)

Carter Vaughn Findley, “The Tanzimat,” Cambridge History of Turkey, vol. 4.

Carter Vaughn Findley, Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922 (Princeton UP, 1980)

Halil İnalcık, “Application of the Tanzimat and its Social Effects,” Archivum Ottomanicum 5 (1973)

Şerif Mardin, The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas (Syracuse University Press, 2000)

Donald Quataert, “The Age of Reforms, 1812-1914,” in An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, ed. Halil İnalcık and Donald Quataert (Cambridge UP, 1994)