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What were flax and hemp workers paid?

Pennies and halfpennies

Workers could be paid using two different minimum wage scales - time rates (i.e. a standard sum per hour) or piece rates (i.e. for the number of items produced).

Time rates varied according to age and experience. The rates reproduced below are the top rates given to men aged over 21 and women over 18. Workers under those ages were subject to lower minimum rates of pay. The Flax and Hemp Trade Board assessed the standard working week to be 48 hours, with a maximum of 4 ¼ hours to be normally worked on Saturdays.

Minimum time rates:

Female workers:

All female workers aged 18 and over:

From 3 August 1920: £1 & 12 shillings a week (48 hours) = £83 & 4 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Spinners and card-cutters aged 18 and over:

From 24 October 1921: £1 & 12 shillings a week (48 hours) = £83 & 4 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £1 & 10 shillings a week (48 hours) = £78 a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £1 & 9 shillings a week (48 hours) = £75 & 8 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Weavers, winders and warpers aged 18 and over:

From 24 October 1921: £1 & 12 shillings a week (48 hours) = £83 & 4 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £1 & 10 shillings a week (48 hours) = £78 a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £1 & 9 shillings a week (48 hours) = £75 & 8 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

All other female workers aged 18 and over:

From 24 October 1921: £1 & 8 shillings a week (48 hours) = £72 & 16 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £1 & 6 shillings a week (48 hours) = £67 & 12 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £1 & 5 shillings a week (48 hours) = £65 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Male workers

All male workers aged 21 and over:

From 3 August 1920: £2 & 14 shillings a week (48 hours) = £140 & 8 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Tenters aged 21 and over:

From 24 October 1921: £3 & 3 shillings a week (48 hours) = £163 & 16 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £2, 19 shillings & 10 pence a week (48 hours) = £155, 11 shillings & 4 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £2, 16 shillings & 8 pence a week (48 hours) = £147, 6 shillings & 8 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Under-tenters aged 21 and over after 3 years employment:

From 24 October 1921: £2 & 14 shillings a week (48 hours) = £140 & 8 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £2, 11 shillings & 4 pence a week (48 hours) = £133, 9 shillings & 4 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £2, 8 shillings & 7 pence a week (48 hours) = £126, 6 shillings & 4 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Under-tenters aged 21 and over during 2nd and 3rd years of employment:

From 24 October 1921: £2, 8 shillings & 6 pence a week (48 hours) = £126 & 2 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £2, 6 shillings & 1 penny a week (48 hours) = £119, 16 shillings & 4 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £2, 3 shillings & 8 pence a week (48 hours) = £113, 10 shillings & 8 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Under-tenters aged 21 and over during 1st year of employment:

From 24 October 1921: £2, 3 shillings & 3 pence a week (48 hours) = £112 & 9 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £2, 1 shilling & 1 penny a week (48 hours) = £106, 16 shillings & 4 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £1, 18 shillings & 11 pence a week (48 hours) = £101, 3 shillings & 8 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Dressers, mounters, card-cutters and hacklers (hand-dressers) aged 21 and over:

From 24 October 1921: £2, 18 shillings & 6 pence a week (48 hours) = £152 & 2 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £2, 15 shillings & 7 pence a week (48 hours) = £144, 10 shillings & 4 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £2, 12 shillings & 8 pence a week (48 hours) = £136, 18 shillings & 8 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

All other male workers aged 21 and over:

From 24 October 1921: £2, 8 shillings & 6 pence a week (48 hours) = £126 & 2 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 June 1922: £2, 6 shillings & 1 penny a week (48 hours) = £119, 16 shillings & 4 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

From 12 September 1922: £2, 3 shillings & 8 pence a week (48 hours) = £113, 10 shillings & 8 pence a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Male workers aged 21 and over employed as hemp rollers or hemp breakers:

From 27 February 1922: £2 & 14 shillings a week (48 hours) = £140 & 8 shillings a year (if all 52 weeks a year were worked)

Minimum piece rates:

Female workers:

From 24 October 1921: £1 & 12 shillings a week (48 hours) = 8 pence an hour

From 12 June 1922: £1 & 10 shillings a week (48 hours) = 7½ pence an hour

From 12 September 1922: £1 & 9 shillings a week (48 hours) = 7¼ pence an hour

Male hose-pipe weavers employed on power or hand looms:

From 24 October 1921: £3 & 4 shillings a week (48 hours) = 1 shilling & 4 pence an hour