Bibliography
Preliminary and Background Reading
In preparation for this module, it would be a good idea to read some of this general readers and textbooks.
General Texts on Lain American History
George Reid Andrews. Afro-Latin America. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 2016.
Matthew Brown From Frontiers to Football : An Alternative History of Latin America Since 1800, Reaktion Books, Limited, 2014.
John Chasteen, Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America (any edition)
Andrew Dawson, Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources, 2011.
Will Fowler, Latin America since 1780 (any edition)
Jose Moya (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History, 2012.
Salomon, Frank and Stuart Schwartz (eds). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Edwin Williamson, Penguin History of Latin America (any edition)
You will find some more readings on the Year 1 course Latin America: Themes and Problems
General Texts on Human Rights and the History of Human Rights and Human Rights in Latin America
Agosín, Marjorie, ed. Writing Toward Hope: The Literature of Human Rights in Latin America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.
Cardenas, Sonia. Human Rights in Latin America. A Politics of Terror and Hope. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
Jack Donnelly, International Human Rights. 4th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2012.
Jack Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Edward L. Cleary. The Struggle for Human Rights in Latin America. Westport, CT: Praeger 1997.
Edward L. Cleary. Mobilizing for Human Rights in Latin America. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian, 2007.
Mark Goodale. Surrendering to Utopia: An Anthropology of Human Rights. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.
Margaret E. Keck, and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, 1998.
Lynn Hunt. Inventing Human Rights. W. W. Norton, 2008.
Michael Ignatieff, Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. Princeton: 2003.
Steven L. B. Jensen The Making of International Human Rights: The 1960s, Decolonization, and the Reconstruction of Global Values. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2016.
Micheline R. Ishay, The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era. Berkeley, UC Press, 2008, 2nd edition.
Patrick William Kelly. Sovereign Emergencies: Latin America and the Making of Global Human Rights Politics. Cambridge University Press: 2018.
Samuel Moyn. The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History. Belknap Press, 2012.
Samuel Moyn. Christian Human Rights. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018.
Samuel Moyn. Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World. Harvard University Press, 2018.
Kathryn Sikkink. Mixed Signals: U.S. Human Rights Policy and Latin America. (Cornell University Press, 2011)
Sikkink, Kathryn. 2014. “Latin American Countries as Norm Protagonists of the Idea of International Human Rights.” Global Governance 20(3): 389-404.
Sikkink, Kathryn. 2018. Evidence for Hope Making Human Rights Work in the 21st Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
Daniel J. Whelan, Indivisible Human Rights – A History. Univ. of Pennsylvania, 2010.
Alexander Wilde. Religious Responses to Violence: Human Rights in Latin America Past and Present. University of Notre Dame Press: 2015.
See also the Oxford Online Bibliography for Human Rights in Latin America
Useful Podcast Series and Public History sources for Latin America:
University of Texas, Not Even Past website.
Latin America in Video accessible through the University of Warwick Library
Using Warwick Library Resources for Further Reading
Kat Waters, Academic Support Librarian has put together this brilliant video, Resources to Support the Study of Latin American History ,about accessing primary and secondary source material in the library. This will be useful in researching for your essays, presentations and the practical written assignment.
Primary Sources
The Modern Records Centre has an excellent resource tailored to the course including digitised sources.The Human Rights in Latin America resource is especially useful for the study of social rights and labour in the early to mid-twentieth century since those documents could be digitised as they are out of copyright. However, their collection holds a lot of useful resources about human rights in the region from the later twentieth-century and up to the present day so it may be well worth a visit. There is some information below about their catalogue of material related to Latin America including a digitised collection about solidarity with Chile.
The Modern Records Centre has an excellent guide to Sources for the Study of Latin America available in their collection.
The Modern Records Centre has also produced the excellent Warwick Digital Archive of the Chile Solidarity Campaign.
Useful Websites
Centre for Justice and International Law
Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA)
The Organization Of American States
North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA)
University of Minnesota, International Human Rights
Inter-American Institute of Human Rights
Latin American Network Information Centre (LANIC)
Reading List
A note on content: Some of the material in this reading lists includes accounts of abuse and torture.
Term 1:
Week 2: Introduction: Human Rights in History
What do we mean by human rights? What different types of rights exist? What is the difference between rights and human rights? How are they protected? Where should we look for the origins of Human Rights? Is there anything unique about the Latin American tradition of human rights? Can human rights be universal?
Core Readings:
Samuel Moyn. Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World. Harvard: Belknap, 2018. (Introduction, Conclusion and raid the index for all mentions of Latin America)
Steve J. Stern and Scott Straus (eds.) The Human Rights Paradox: Universality and Its Discontents, University of Wisconsin Press, 2014. (Introduction and chapters by Noa Vaisman and Jo-Marie Burt)
Kathryn Sikkink. "Latin America's Protagonist Role in Human Rights." Sur International Journal on Human Rights 12.22 (2015): 207-19.
Further Reading:
Giorgio Agamben, ‘Beyond Human Rights’ in Virno, Paolo Virno and Michael Hardt (eds.), Radical Thought in Italy: A Potential Politics (Minneapolis, 1996)
Paolo G. Carozza. ‘From Conquest to Constitutions: Retrieving a Latin American Tradition of the Idea of Human Rights’, Human Rights Quarterly 25:2 (2003), 281-313.
Edward L. Cleary. The Struggle for Human Rights in Latin America. Wesport, CT: Praeger 1997.
Edward L. Cleary. Mobilizing for Human Rights in Latin America. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian, 2007.
Jack Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 2003)
Tom Farer (ed.) Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Sovereignty in the Americas. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Mark Goodale. Surrendering to Utopia: An Anthropology of Human Rights. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.
Goodale, M., & Merry, S. (Eds.). (2007). The Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law between the Global and the Local. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lynn Hunt. Inventing Human Rights: A History. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2007.
Thomas Haskell, ‘Capitalism and the Origins of Humanitarian Sentiment’, American Historical Review 90: 2 and 3 (parts 1 and 2)
Michael Ignatieff, Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry. Princeton: 2003.
Samuel Moyn. The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History. Belknap Press, 2012.
Background Reading:
Blanchard, Peter and Peter Landstreet. Human Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean. Canadian Scholar’s Press, 1989.
Cardenas, Sonia. Human Rights in Latin America. A Politics of Terror and Hope. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. (Introduction)
Primary Sources:
Declaration of the Rights of Man, National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations General Assembly, Paris 10 December, 1948.
Week 3. The Consequences of Conquest and Colonialism
To what extent can we trace thinking on human rights back to Hispanic Scholasticism and the early colonial experience? How has writing about this changed over time?
How did sixteenth century Europeans make sense of the New World and the people of the America? How did the peoples of the America make sense of the early colonial experience? What was the nature of the philosophical debate regarding the relationship between the people of the Old and New Worlds? How was citizenship imagined for different groups? How was this reflected in legislation? How did people use the law to resist and/ or negotiate to protect their interests?
Core Readings:
Tamar Herzog “Colonial law and Native Customs: Indigenous Land Rights in Colonial Spanish America.” The Americas 63(3) (2013): 303-321.
OR
Felipe Gómez Isa. “Spain: The First Cry for Justice in the Americas - From Antonio De Montesinos to the Laws of Burgos (1512).” First Fundamental Rights Documents in Europe: Commemorating 800 Years of Magna Carta, edited by Markku Suksi et al., Intersentia, 2015, pp. 93–106.
AND
Nancy E. Van Deusen. Global Indios: The Indigenous Struggle for Justice in Sixteenth-Century Spain, Duke University Press, 2015. (Introduction)
OR
Nicole von Germeten. "Black Brotherhoods in Mexico City". In Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs, and James Sidbury, eds. The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
Background Reading:
Oxford Handbook (Chapters 1-4, take your pick).
Chasteen (Relevant chapters)
Williamson (Relevant chapters)
Further Reading:
Sherwin K. Bryant, Rachel Sarah O'Toole, and Ben Vinson, eds. Africans to Spanish America: Expanding the Diaspora. Baltimore: University of Illinois Press, 2012. (Especially Part II and Chapter by O'Toole)
Louise M. Burkhart. The Slippery Earth: Nahua-Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth-Century Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 1989.
Daniel Castro. Another Face of Empire: Bartolome; de Las Casas, Indigenous Rights, and Ecclesiastical Imperialism, Duke University Press, 2007.
Karoline P. Cook. Forbidden Passages: Muslims and Moriscos in Colonial Spanish America. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
Jack Donnelly, ‘Human Rights as Natural Rights’, Human Rights Quarterly 4:3 (Autumn 1982), 391-405.
Nancy Farriss. Maya Society Under Colonial Rule: the collective enterprise of Survival, Princeton N.J: Princeton, 1984.
Richard Gray ‘The Papacy and the Atlantic Slave Trade: Lourenço da Silva, the Capuchins and the Decisions of the Holy Office’, Past and Present, 1987: 115, 52-68.
Lewis Hanke. The Spanish struggle for justice in the conquest of America, 1949.
Nicole von Gemeten. Black blood brothers : confraternities and social mobility for Afro-Mexicans. University Press of Florida, 2006.
Nicole von Germeten. "Black Brotherhoods in Mexico City". In Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs, and James Sidbury, eds. The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
Brooke Larson. Cochabamba, 1550-1900: Colonialism and Agrarian Transformation In Bolivia. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.
Sonya Lipsett-Rivera, To Defend our Water with the Blood of our Veins: The Struggle for Resources in Colonial Puebla. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1999.
Hebe Mattos, ‘Pretos’ and ‘Pardos’ between the Cross and the Sword: Racial Categories in Seventeenth Century Brazil’, European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies April 2006, 50-80.
Edmundo O'Gorman. The Invention of America. 1961.
Anthony Pagden. Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination: Studies in European and Spanish-American Social and Political Theory 1513-1830. New Haven/ London: Yale, 1990.
Gabriela Ramos, 'Pastoral Visitations: Spaces of Negotiation in Andean Indigenous Parishes.' The Americas, Volume 73, Issue 01, January 2016, pp 39-57. Special Issue, Canon Law and Its Practice in Colonial Latin America.
Patricia Seed 'Are These Not Also Men?': The Indians' Humanity and Capacity for Spanish Civilisation’, Journal of Latin American Studies 25:3 (1993), 629-652.
Patricia Seed. American Pentimiento: The invention of the Indian and the Pursuit of Riches. Minneapolis/ London: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
Tatiana Seijas. Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians (Cambridge Latin American Studies). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Karen Spalding, Huarochiri: a Colonial Province Under Inca and Spanish Rule. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1984.
Sweet, James H. Recreating Africa: Culture, Kinship, and Religion in the African-Portuguese World, 1441-1770. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. (Especially Part 2; African Religious Responses).
William B. Taylor and Franklin Pease G.Y Violence and Resistance in the Americas: Native Americans and the Legacy of Conquest, co-edited Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights, Emory, 1997.
Brian Tierney "Religious Rights an Historical Perspective." in John Witte, Jr., and Johan D. van der Vyver (eds.) Religious human rights in global perspective: religious perspectives. The Hague/ Boston: M. Nijhoff Publishers.1996. (See chapter scan)
Timothy Bowers Vasko. "That They Will Be Capable of Governing Themselves Knowledge of Amerindian Difference and Early Modern Arts of Governance in the Spanish Colonial Antilles." History of the Human Sciences, vol. 32, no. 3, July 2019, p. 24.
Molly A. Warsh, “A Political Ecology in the Early Spanish Caribbean” The William and Mary Quarterly, 71:4, 2014, 517-548.
Williams, Caroline A. Williams. “Opening New Frontiers in Colonial Spanish American History: New Perspectives on Indigenous-Spanish Interactions on the Margins of Empire.” History Compass, vol. 6, no. 4, July 2008, pp. 1121–1139. (A useful review article).
Some Documentaries:
In Our Time: The Valladolid Debate, Radio 4, 20 February 2020
Primary Sources:
Ronald D. Hussey. "Text of the Laws of Burgos (1512-1513) Concerning the Treatment of the Indians."The Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 12, no. 3, 1932, pp. 301–326.
"Laws of Burgos (1512-1513)" "New Laws of the Indies" and "Juan Gines de Sepulveda's Treatise on the Just Causes of War." in Bartolome de las Casas, An account, much abbreviated, of the destruction of the Indies, with related texts / edited, with an introduction, by Franklin W. Knight, translated by Andrew Hurley.
Translations of these are also available online:
Laws of Burgos (1512-1513): royal ordinances for the good government and treatment of the Indians Translated by Peter Bakewell, The New Laws of the Indies, 1542, (Fordham History Sourcebook) and Juan Gines de Sepulveda's Treatise on the Just Causes of War, 1547.
Guaman, Poma de Ayala, Felipe. First New Chronicle and Good Government: On the History of the World and the Incas up To 1615, edited by Roland Hamilton, University of Texas Press, 2009.
Barbara E. Mundy and Dana Leibsohn, "History from Things: Indigenous Objects and Colonial Latin America",World History Connected,2012.
The Huexotzingo Codex, 1531. World Digital Library, Library of Congress
Week 4: Reform, Resistance and Rebellion in the Eighteenth-Century
Seminar Questions:
How was citizenship imagined for different groups in colonial Latin America? How was this reflected in legislation? How did ordinary people relate to the state in colonial Latin America? How did they use the law to resist and/ or negotiate to protect their interests?
Core Readings:
Matt D. Childs, “Recreating African Ethnic Identities in Cuba” in Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs and James Sidbury (eds.), The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade, edited by Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, et al., University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013, 85-100.
Brian Owensby, "Between justice and economics: "Indians" and reformism in eighteenth-century Spanish imperial thought." in Lauren Benton and Richard J. Ross (eds.) Legal Pluralism and Empires, 1500-1850. New York: New York University Press, 2013.
Further Reading:
Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs, and James Sidbury, eds. The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
Mariza de Carvalho Soares. People of faith: slavery and African Catholics in eighteenth-century Rio de Janeiro. Translated by Jerry D. Metz. Duke University Press, 2011.
Alberto Flores Galindo, In Search of an Inca: Identity and Utopia in the Andes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Brooke Larson. Cochabamba, 1550-1900: Colonialism and Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.
Anthony Pagden. Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination: Studies in European and Spanish-American Social and Political Theory 1513-1830. New Haven/ London: Yale, 1990.
Ward Stavig. “Ambiguous Visions: Nature, Law, and Culture in Indigenous-Spanish Land Relations in Colonial Peru.” Hispanic American Historical Review (2000) 80 (1): 77-112.
Ward Stavig. “Ethnic Conflict, Moral Economy and Population in Rural Cuzco on the Eve of the Thupa Amaro II Rebellion,” Hispanic American Historical Review, vol.68, (1988)
Steve J. Stern. Resistance, Rebellion and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World 18th to 20th Centuries. University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. (Relevant Chapters.)
Steve J. Stern. The Secret History of Gender: Women, Men and Power in Late Colonial Mexico. University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
Sweet, James H. Recreating Africa: Culture, Kinship, and Religion in the African-Portuguese World, 1441-1770. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
William B. Taylor Magistrates of the Sacred: Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. Stanford University Press, 1997.
Charles Walker. The Tupac Amaru Rebellion. Harvard University Press, 2014.
Charles Walker. Shaky Colonialism: The 1746 Earthquake-Tsunami in Lima Peru and its Long Aftermath. Durham/ London: Duke University Press, 2008.
Charles Walker and Liz Clarke. Witness to the Age of Revolution
Primary sources:
Matthew Restal, Lisa Sousa and Kevin Terraciano (eds.) Mesoamerican Voices: Native Language Writings from Colonial Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 2005. (Esp. Household and Land Section).
Week 5. Nation, Sovereignty and Civil and Political Rights
Did the idea of rights and human rights begin to emerge in the late-eighteenth and early- nineteenth century? How did rights develop in post-independence Latin America and how were they negotiated? How were rights related to the nation state and ideas of sovereignty?
How did Latin American elites understand citizenship during the process of state building? What systems of representation were introduced in Latin America after independence? How did indigenous groups, Afro-Latin Americans, peasants, enslaved individuals and workers participate in politics? How were tensions between group and individual rights played out? How did people claim political rights? What civil and political rights were afforded in constitutions? Were civil and political rights the only rights at stake in the issues arising?
Core Reading:
Marcela Echeverri, "Popular Royalists, Empire, and Politics in Southwestern New Granada", 1809 – 1819. Hispanic American Historical Review 1 May 2011; 91 (2): 237–269.
Hilda Sábato. ‘On Political Citizenship in Nineteenth-Century Latin America’ The American Historical Review. 106:4 (2001), 1290–1315.
Phillip Kaisary, ‘”To Break Our Chains and Form a Free People”: Race, Nation, and Haiti’s Imperial Constitution of 1805’, in Whitney Nell Stewart and John Garrison Marks (eds.), Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations, (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2018)
Further Reading:
Jeremy Adelman. Sovereignty and Revolution in the Iberian Atlantic. Princeton University Press, 2016.
Catherine Andrews (2016) 'Alternatives to the constitution of Cadiz in New Spain: republicanism and the insurgent constitutional decree of Apatzingan (1814)', Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies, 22:3, 163-180.
Manuel Barcia. The Great African Slave Revolt of 1825: Cuba and the fight for freedom in Matanzas. Louisiana State University Press, 2012.
Manuel Barcia. West African Warfare in Bahia Cuba. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Manuel Barcia. Seeds of Insurrection: domination and resistance on Western Cuban Plantations 1808-1848. Louisiana State University Press, 2008.
Peter Blanchard. Under the Flags of Freedom: Slave Soldiers and the Wars of Independence in Spanish South America, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008.
Simon Bolivar, El Libertador: Writings of Simon Bolivar, Trans Fred Fornoff, David Bushnell (ed.) Oxford University Press, 2003.
Matthew Brown and Gabriel Paquette (eds.) Connections after Colonialism : Europe and Latin America in the 1820s, University of Alabama Press, 2013.
Simon Collier. “Nationality, Nationalism, and Supranationalism in the Writings of Simon Bolivar.” The Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 63, no. 1, 1983, pp. 37–64.
Laurent Dubois. Avengers of the New World. Harvard: Belknap Press, 2004.
Marcela Echeverri. Indian and Slave Royalists in the Age of Revolution: Reform, Revolution, and Royalism in the Northern Andes, 1780-1825. Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Scott Eastman, and Natalia Sobrevilla Perea (eds.), The Rise of Constitutional Government in the Iberian Atlantic World : The Impact of the Cádiz Constitution Of 1812. University of Alabama Press, 2015.(Especially Chapter 4 on Race in New Granada and Chapter 8 on Slavery in the US and Brazil)
Tom Farer (ed.) Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Sovereignty in the Americas. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Gargarella, Roberto. "The First Latin American Constitutions (1810–1850)." Latin American Constitutionalism, 1810-2010: The Engine Room of the Constitution. Oxford University Press, 2013.
Peter Guardino. The Time of Liberty: Popular Political Culture in Oaxaca, 1750-1850. Duke, 2005.
Brian R. Hamnett, The End of Iberian Rule on the American Continent, 1770-1830. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Lynn Hunt. Inventing Human Rights. W. W. Norton, 2008.
Mallon, Florencia. Decolonizing Native Histories. Durham/ London: Duke University Press, 2012.
- C. Mirow. Latin American Constitutions: The Constitution of Cadiz and Its Legacy in Spanish America.Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Eduardo Posada Carbó. Elections before democracy. the history of elections in Europe and Latin America. Basingstoke : Macmillan, 1996.
Anthony McFarlane. War and Independence in Spanish America. Routledge, 2013.
Mirow, M. C. Latin American Constitutions: The Constitution of Cadiz and Its Legacy in Spanish America Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Paquette, Gabriel. Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, C.1770 -1850. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Mattias Rohrig Assuncao. Elite Politics and Popular Rebellion in the Construction of Post Colonial Order. The Case of Maranao, Brazil (1820-41). JLAS, 31:1 (1999), 1-38.
Sabato, Hilda. Republics of the New World. The Revolutionary Political Experiment in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.
Timo Schaefer. The Rise and Fall of Legal Rule in Post-Colonial Mexico 1820-1900. (Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Joshua Simon. The Ideology of Creole Revolution: Imperialism and Independence in American and Latin American Political Thought Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Whitney Nell Steward and John Garrison Marks (eds.) Race and Nation in the Age of Emancipations. University of Georgia Press, 2018.
Camilla Townsend, “Half of my Body Free, the Other Half Enslaved: The Politics of the Slaves of Guayaquil at the End of the Colonial Era,” Colonial Latin American Review, 7:1 (1998): 105-28.
John Tutino (ed.) New Countries: capitalism, revolutions and new nations in Latin America. Durham NC; Duke University Press, 2016.
Victor Uribe Uran. “The Birth of the Public Sphere in Latin America During the Age of Revolution.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 42:2, 2000.
Richard Warren. Vagrants and Citizens: politics and the masses in Mexico City from Colony to Republic. Scholarly Resources, 2001.
Primary sources:
Simon Bolivar, El Libertador: Writings of Simon Bolivar, Trans Fred Fornoff, David Bushnell (ed.) Oxford University Press, 2003.
Simon Bolivar, Address at the Congress of Angostura (1819)
US Bill of Rights, 1789 (and the Declaration of Independence, 1776 and the Constitution of the United States)
Declaration of the Rights of Man, National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789
Jose María Morelos, Sentiments of the Nation, Chilpancingo, 14 September 1813.
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, 19 March 1812.
A Digital History Project
Gendering Latin American Independence, University of Nottingham
Women and Independence in Latin America, University of Nottingham
Practical Assignment Preparation:
Take your pick of what you might be interested in thinking about for the reflecting on public history exercise:
1 Look at this example of an online gallery. How effective is it as a piece of public history?
British Library Online Gallery: Spanish American Independence
2 Listen to this podcast about Revolts in Latin America. Do you think it draws on recent historical research? How effective is it as a piece of public history?
3 Look at the digital history resource, The Pronunciamiento in Independent Mexico, 1821-1876. How accessible is it and how easy to navigate?
Background Reading:
Andrew Dawson, Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources, 2011. (Chapter 1)
Oxford Handbook, "Independence in Latin America"
Week 7 Abolition and Rights
Seminar Questions:
Who abolished slavery? Should the abolitionist movement and the legislation established be seen as a pre-cursor to international human rights legislation? Should the abolitionist movement have a place in the history of Human Rights? How should that history be written (e.g. which protagonists and social actors should be considered)? How has research on abolition changed?
Core Readings:
Blackburn, Robin. The American Crucible: Slavery, Emancipation and Human Rights, Verso, 2013,255-277. (Chapter 10)
and
Celso Castilho and Camillia Cowling, "Funding Freedom, Popularizing Politics: Abolitionism and Local Emancipation Funds in 1880s Brazil," Luso-Brazilian Review, 47:1 (Spring 2010): 89-120.
or
Laurent Dubois, A Colony of Citizens: Revolution & Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787-1804 (North Carolina, 2006), Introduction + Chapter 1 ‘Insurrection and the Language of Rights’, 1-30. (See chapter scan)
Further Reading
David Dean (ed.) A Companion to Public History. John Wiley, 2018. Chapters 19 and 28.
Mariza de Carvalho Soares. "African Barbeiros in Brazilian Slave Ports". In Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs, and James Sidbury, eds. The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
Celso Castilho. Slave Emancipation and Transformations in Brazilian Political Citizenship. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016.
Camillia Cowling, Conceiving Freedom: Women of Colour, Gender and the Abolition of Slavery in Havana and Rio de Janeiro. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.
Camillia Cowling, "As a Slave Woman and as a Mother: Women and the Abolition of Slavery in Havana and Rio de Janeiro," Caribbean special issue (ed. Christopher Schmidt-Nowara), Social History, 26:3 (August 2011), 294-311
Camillia Cowling, "Debating Womanhood, Defining Freedom: The Abolition of Slavery in Rio de Janeiro," Gender & History, 22:2 (August 2010): 284-301
Celso Castilho and Camillia Cowling, "Funding Freedom, Popularizing Politics: Abolitionism and Local Emancipation Funds in 1880s Brazil," Luso-Brazilian Review, 47:1 (Spring 2010): 89-120.
Henry Louis Gates Jr.. Black in Latin America. New York: New York University Press, 2011. (Chapters on Haiti and the Dominican Republic.)
Richard Gray ‘The Papacy and the Atlantic Slave Trade: Lourenço da Silva, the Capuchins and the Decisions of the Holy Office’, Past and Present, 1987: 115, 52-68.
Jeremy D. Popkin, You Are All Free: The Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery. Cambridge, 2010.
João José Reis. "African Nations in Nineteenth-Century Salvador, Bahia`". In Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs, and James Sidbury, eds. The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
Jeffrey D. Needell. The Sacred Cause. The Abolitionist Movement, Afro-Brazilian Mobilization and Imperial Politics in Rio de Janeiro. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020. (Introduction)
Rebecca J. Scott. “Defining the Boundaries of Freedom in the World of Cane: Cuba, Brazil and Louisiana after Emancipation.” American Historical Review, 99:1 (February 1994): 70-102.
Camilla Townsend, “Half of my Body Free, the Other Half Enslaved: The Politics of the Slaves of Guayaquil at the End of the Colonial Era,” Colonial Latin American Review, 7:1 (1998): 105-28.
April Mayes, The Mulatto Republic: Class, Race and Dominican National Identity. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 2014.
Background Reading:
Andrew Dawson,Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources, 2011. (Chapters 2 and 3)
Oxford Handbook, "Slavery in Brazil".
Practical Written Assignment
Choose the film that interests you the most.
1 Watch this episode of Henry Louis Gates Jr's Black in Latin America: Haiti and the Dominican Republic PBS, 2011.
Henry Louis Gates Jr. Is a Harvard Professor, Journalist and Filmmaker. This is part of a series of PBS documentaries. We have an e-book in the library which is on the reading list below. How effective is this documentary as a piece of public History?
2 Watch the film, A Present Past: Afro-Brazilian Memories in Rio de Janeiro, 2011, developed at the Oral History and Image Lab of Federal Fluminense University.
Chapter 28 of David Dean (ed.) A Companion to Public History. John Wiley, 2018. is about this project.
How effective is this documentary as a piece of public History?
You can also listen to his presentation in the Warwick History Seminar series here.
How effective is the blog as a piece of public history?
Week 8: Rights in Reform: Liberalism, Popular Liberalism and Informal Empire
What were the nineteenth-century state-builders views on citizenship? Was state formation simply a top-down process? What was the impact of “everyday forms of state formation” on the development of ideas of citizenship and human rights? What role did the rising imperial interests have on state sovereignty and rights? How did Latin American citizens negotiate their rights in the nineteenth century?
Core Readings:
Joanna Crow, "Troubled Negotiations: The Mapuche and the Chilean State (1818-1830)", Bulletin of Latin American Research, vol 36. 2017, pp. 285 298.
AND
Erika Denise Edwards. “The Making of a White Nation: The Disappearance of the Black Population in Argentina.” History Compass.16:7 2018.
OR
Tristan Platt. "Liberalism and ethnocide in the southern Andes", History Workshop Journal No. 17, (Spring 1984), 3-18.
Practical Assignment Preparation:
Look at this blog by Erika Edwards, Associate Professor of Colonial Latin American History at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte, in which she historicizes her experience in Argentina. What do you think about it as a piece of public history?
Erika Edwards, Pardo is the New Black: The Urban Origins of Argentina’s Myth of Black Disappearance Global Urban History
Further Reading:
George Reid Andrews.The Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1800-1900. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, Wisconsin, 1980.
Carmagnani, Marcello. The Other West: Latin America from Invasion to Globalization, University of California Press, 2011. (Chapter 4)
José Carlos Chiaramonte, 'The Ancient Constitution After Independence (1808-1852).' Hispanic American Historical Review 1 August 2010; 90 (3): 455–488.
Erika Denise Edwards. “The Making of a White Nation: The Disappearance of the Black Population in Argentina.” History Compass.16:7 2018.
Carlos A. Forment. Democracy in Latin America, 1760-1900. Volume 1, Civic selfhood and public life in Mexico and Peru University of Chicago Press, 2003.
Peter Guardino, “Barbarism or Republican Law? Guerrero's Peasants and National Politics, 1820-1846”, Hispanic American Historical Review
Charles Hale, “The reconstruction of nineteenth-century politics in Latin America: a case for the study of ideas.”, Latin American Research Review, 5:2, 1973.
Alan Knight, "Rethinking Informal Empire in Latin America (Especially Argentina)", Bulletin of Latin American Research. 27: 1, 2008, 23-48.
Brooke Larson. Trials of Nation Making : Liberalism, Race, and Ethnicity in the Andes, 1810 -1910. Cambridge University Press.
Florencia E. Mallon. Peasant and nation: the making of postcolonial Mexico and Peru. University of California Press 1995.
Vincent C. Peloso and Barbara Tenenbaum (eds.) Liberals, Politics and Power: State Formation in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. University of Georgia Press, 1996.
Tristan Platt. "Liberalism and ethnocide in the southern Andes", History Workshop Journal No. 17, (Spring 1984), 3-18.
Guy P. C. Thomson, “Popular Aspects of Liberalism in Mexico, 1848-1888, Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 10, No. 3 (1991), pp. 265-292.
Sabato, Hilda. Republics of the New World. The Revolutionary Political Experiment in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.
James E. Sanders, "Citizens of a Free People": Popular Liberalism and Race in Nineteenth-Century Southwestern Colombia, Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 84, No. 2 (May, 2004), pp. 277-313.
James E. Sanders. The Vanguard of the Atlantic World: Creating Modernity, Nation and Democracy in Nineteenth-Century Latin America. Journal of World History. 20:1, 2019.
James E. Sanders, “Atlantic Republicanism in Nineteenth-Century Colombia.” Journal of World History. 20:1, 2019.
Fiona Wilson. “Indian Citizenship and the Discourse of Hygiene/ Disease in Nineteenth-Century" Bulletin of Latin American Research, 23:2, 2004. 165-180.
Week 9 Liberalism in crisis: The Social Question, Migration, Citizenship and Rights
How did the political and economic changes at the turn of the century effect notions of rights in Latin America? What is meant by ‘The Crisis of Liberalism’ and what processes were at work? What is meant by ‘The Social Question’? What were the causes of the revolutions and labour disputes? What role did civil society, state and international actors play in the upheavals of the period? What was the impact of immigration on thinking about citizenship?
Core Readings:
Choose which country/ region you are interested in and read ONE of the following:
Maria Helena Pereira Toledo Machado, "From Slave Rebels to Strikebreakers: The Quilombo of Jabaquara and the Problem of Citizenship in Late-Nineteenth-Century Brazil." Hispanic American Historical Review 1 May 2006; 86 (2): 247–274.
Gilbert M. Joseph, et al. (eds) Close Encounters of Empire : Writing the Cultural History of U. S. -Latin American Relations, edited by Gilbert M. Joseph, et al., Duke University Press, 1998. (Especially Part II Empirical Case Studies and Schroeder's piece on The Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua)
Florencia E. Mallon. The Defense of Community in Peru's Central Highlands: Peasant Struggle and Capitalist Transition, 1860-1940. Princeton, 2014. (Chapters 4 and 5).
Alan Knight, ‘The Working Class and the Mexican Revolution, c. 1900-1920’, Journal of Latin American Studies
AND
José C. Moya, "A Continent of Immigrants: Postcolonial Shifts in the Western Hemisphere." Hispanic American Historical Review 1 February 2006; 86 (1): 1–28.
OR
Roberto Gargarella. Latin American Constitutionalism, 1810-2010: The Engine Room of the Constitution. Oxford University Press, September 26, 2013. (Chapter 5 "The Crisis of the Postcolonial Constitutional Model Positivism and Revolution at the Beginning of the New Century.")
Background Reading:
Andrew Dawson, Latin America since Independence: A History with Primary Sources, 2011. (Chapters 4,5 and 6)
Gilbert M. Joseph, et al. (eds) Close Encounters of Empire : Writing the Cultural History of U. S. -Latin American Relations, edited by Gilbert M. Joseph, et al., Duke University Press, 1998. (Especially Part II Empirical Case Studies and Schroeder's piece on The Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua)
Further Reading:
Paulina L. Alberto. Terms of Inclusion: Black Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century Brazil, University of North Carolina Press, 2011. (Chapter 1. "Foreigners")
Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp. 'Immigrant Positioning in Twentieth-Century Mexico: Middle Easterners, Foreign Citizens, and Multiculturalism.' Hispanic American Historical Review 1 February 2006; 86 (1): 61–92.
Adriana Brodsky and Raanan Rein. The New Jewish Argentina: Facets of Jewish Experiences in the Southern Cone, BRILL, 2012. (Esp. Chapter 1).
Carmagnani, Marcello. The Other West : Latin America from Invasion to Globalization, University of California Press, 2011. (Chapter 4)
Todd A. Diacon. Stringing together a nation: Cândido Mariano Da Silva Rondon and the construction of a modern Brazil, 1906-1930. Durham/ London: Duke University Press: 2004.
Kwame Dixon and John Burdick, eds. Comparative Perspectives on Afro-Latin America. Florida: University Press of Florida, 2012. (Especially Chapter 6)
James Dunkerly Power in the Isthmus. A Political History of Modern Central America, Verso, London 1990. (Relevant Chapters)
Brodwyn M. Fischer. A poverty of rights: citizenship and inequality in twentieth-century Rio de Janeiro. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Brodwyn M. Fischer, Bryan McCann and Javier Auyero (eds.) Cities from Scratch. Durham/ London, Duke Univeristy Press, 2014. (Chapter 1)
Guy, Donna J.Women Build the Welfare State : Performing Charity and Creating Rights in Argentina, 1880-1955.Duke University Press, 2009.
Heilman, Jaymie Patricia. Before the Shining Path : Politics in Rural Ayacucho, 1895-1980, Stanford University Press, 2010. (Relevant Chapters)
Gilbert M. Joseph, et al. (eds) Close Encounters of Empire : Writing the Cultural History of U. S. -Latin American Relations, edited by Gilbert M. Joseph, et al., Duke University Press, 1998. (Especially Part II Empirical Case Studies and Schroeder's piece on The Sandino Rebellion in Nicaragua)
Charles Hale, “Political and Social Ideas in Latin America, 1870-1900.” in The Cambridge History of Latin America Vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Joel Horowitz. Argentina's Radical Party and Popular Mobilization, 1916–1930. Penn State University Press, 2008.
Alan Knight, ‘The Working Class and the Mexican Revolution, c. 1900-1920’, Journal of Latin American Studies
Knight, Alan. “Popular Culture and the Revolutionary State in Mexico, 1910-1940.” The Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 74, no. 3, 1994, pp. 393–444.
Alan Knight, The Mexican Revolution, Cambridge, 1986.
Jeffrey Lesser. Immigration, Ethnicity, and National Identity in Brazil, 1808 to the Present. CUP, 2013.
Florencia E. Mallon. The Defense of Community in Peru's Central Highlands: Peasant Struggle and Capitalist Transition, 1860-1940. Princeton, 2014. (Chapters 4 and 5).
Sandra McGee Deutsch. Las Derechas: the extreme right in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, 1890-1939.1999.
Maxine Molyneux. "'No God, No Boss, No Husband!': Anarchist Feminism in Nineteenth-Century Argentina." In Maxine Molyneux. Women’s Movements in International Perspective. Institute of Latin American Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2001.
Jorge Nállim Transformations and Crisis of Liberalism in Argentina, 1930-1955. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012. (Chapter 1.)
David Nugent. Modernity at the edge of empire: State individual and nation in the Northern Peruvian Andes, 1885-1935. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.
Otovo, Okezi, Progressive Mothers, Better Babies: Race, Public Health and the State in Brazil, 1850-1945. University of Texas Press, 2016.
Maria Helena Pereira Toledo Machado, "From Slave Rebels to Strikebreakers: The Quilombo of Jabaquara and the Problem of Citizenship in Late-Nineteenth-Century Brazil." Hispanic American Historical Review 1 May 2006; 86 (2): 247–274.
Ronn Pineo and James A. Baer, eds., Cities of Hope: People, Protests, and Progress in Urbanizing Latin America, 1870–1930. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998.
Scarfi, Juan Pablo. 2017. The Hidden History of International Law in the Americas: Empire and Legal Networks. New York: Oxford University Press. (Chapters 1 and 2)
Primary sources:
The Vatican response. Social Catholicism: Pope Leo XII Rerum Novarum (May 15, 1891) and Pope Pius II Quadregisimo Anno (May 15, 1931)
Mexico: Plan de Ayala, 1911 (Translated and reproduced for Modern Latin America, Brown University). and The Constitution of the United States of Mexico, 1917. (1926 Translation in the MRC).
Articles in The Herald of Revolt, MRC archive on Human Rights in Latin America
Nicaragua: Augusto Sandino's Political Manifesto of July 1927.
The Sandino Rebellion Digital Archive
Peru: José Carlos Mariátegui. Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality, 1928.
Week 10 Social Rights from above and below: Socialism, nationalism, populism
How did the nature of rights afforded by Latin American states change in the twentieth century? What impact did the twentieth century revolutions have on rights discourses? What was the contribution of Latin American states to the international human rights system? When did ideas of social rights emerge in Latin America? How did social rights become part of the international Human Rights system? Who benefited from the rights afforded by the twentieth century states? Who was left out?
Core Reading:
Secondary sources:
Alan McPherson, and Yannick Wehrli (eds.) Beyond Geopolitics : New Histories of Latin America at the League of Nations, University of New Mexico Press, 2015. (Part 2: Labour-chapter of your choice)
AND
Kathryn M. Marino. Feminism for the Americas: The Making of and International Human Rights Movement. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press, 2019. (Introduction and Conclusion and raid according to your interest.)
OR either of the following depending on your interest
Okezi Otovo, Progressive Mothers, Better Babies: Race, Public Health and the State in Brazil, 1850-1945.University of Texas Press, 2016. (Especially Chapter 5 and Introduction if it helps).
Guy, Donna J.Women Build the Welfare State : Performing Charity and Creating Rights in Argentina, 1880-1955.Duke University Press, 2009.
Primary sources:
What do the primary sources tell us about mid-twentieth-century populist governments relationship with labour and their approach to social rights?
Juan Peron's Bill of Worker's Rights, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1947. MRC.
Look at this trade union leaflet about social security from Brazil. What are the limitations as a source for you as a researcher? Are there any ways that you could use it despite the limitations? What other information would you need to find in order to use the source?
Background Reading:
Robert M Levine, Father of the Poor? Vargas and his Era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998) chapter 3, “The Estado Novo,” pp 50-74 a
Relevant Chapters of Matthew Brown or Alexander Dawson's readers).
Further Reading:
Carlos Aguirre and Paulo Drinot. The Peculiar Revolution: Rethinking the Peruvian Experiment Under Military Rule. University of Texas Press, 2017.
Paulina Alberto. Terms of Inclusion: Black Intellectuals in Twentieth-Century Brazil. University of North Carolina Press, 2011, Chapters 2 and 3.
Mashood Baderin and Robert McCorquodale (eds.), Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Action. Oxford: OUP, 2007. (Especially Chapter 8 by Veronica Gomez)
Carmagnani, Marcello. The Other West : Latin America from Invasion to Globalization, University of California Press, 2011. Chapter 5.
Angela N Castañeda, ‘Performing the African Diaspora in Mexico’ in Comparative Perspectives on Afro-Latin America, edited by Kwame Dixon, and John Burdick, University Press of Florida, 2012.
Matthew Craven, The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: A Perspective on Its Development. Oxford, 1995.
Jerry Dávila. Diploma of whiteness: race and social policy in Brazil, 1917-1945. 2003.
Paolo Drinot, 'Creole Anti-Communism: Labor, the Peruvian Communist Party and APRA, 1930-1934.' Hispanic American Historical Review, 92:4, 2012 703-736.
Susan Eva Eckstein and Timothy P. Wickham-Crowley. Struggles for Social Rights in Latin America, Routledge, 2002. [e-book in the Library]
Eduardo Elena, E. "Argentina in black and white: Race, Peronism, and the color of politics, 1940s to the present." In P. Alberto & E. Elena (Eds.), Rethinking Race in Modern Argentina . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016, 184-210.
Paulo Fontes, Migration and the Making of Industrial São Paulo. Duke University Press, 2016.
Linda Fuller, Work and Democracy in Socialist Cuba. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.
Roberto Garagella. Latin American Constitutionalism, 1810-2010: The Engine Room of the Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. (Chapters 6 and 7)
Donna J. Guy. Women Build the Welfare State: Performing Charity and Creating Rights in Argentina, 1880-1955, Duke University Press, 2009. (Chapter 6)
Brodwyn M. Fischer. A poverty of rights: citizenship and inequality in twentieth-century Rio de Janeiro. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Marcela García Sebastiani, ‘The Other Side of Peronist Argentina: Radicals and Socialists in the Political Opposition to Perón (1946–1955)’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 35 (2003), 311–339.
Jaymie Patricia Heilman. Before the Shining Path: Politics in Rural Ayacucho, 1895-1980, Stanford University Press, 2010. (Relevant Chapters)
Kaitlyn Henderson. Race, Discrimination, and the Cuban Constitution of 1940. Hispanic American Historical Review 1 May 2020; 100 (2): 257–284.
Daniel James, Resistance and Integration: Peronism and the Argentine Working Class, 1946 -1976. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Alan Knight. “Populism and Neo-Populism in Latin America, Especially Mexico.” Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, 1998, p. 223.
Lawrence J. Le Blanc. “Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights and the Interamerican System”Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Volume 19, Issue 1 February 1977 , pp. 61-82.
Florencia E. Mallon. The Defense of Community in Peru's Central Highlands: Peasant Struggle and Capitalist Transition, 1860-1940. Princeton, 2014.
Ian Roxborough. “The Urban Working Class and Labour Movement in Latin America since 1930.” The Cambridge History of Latin America, edited by Leslie Bethell, vol. 6, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995, pp. 305–378. The Cambridge History of Latin America.
Snodgrass, Michael. Deference and Defiance in Monterrey: Workers, Paternalism, and Revolution in Mexico, 1890-1950. Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Juan Pablo Scarfi and Andrew Tillman (eds.) Cooperation and Hegemony in US-Latin American Relations: Revisiting the Western Hemisphere Idea. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. (Tanya Harmer and Mark Jeffrey Peterson's Chapters).
Magdalena Sepúlveda. The Nature of the Obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (Antwerp, 2003).
Ernesto Sernan. Ambassadors of the Working Class: Argentina's International Labor Activists and Cold War Democracy in the Americas. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017.
Alberto Spektorowski, 'The Ideological Origins and Right and Left Nationalism in Argentina, 1930-1943', Journal of Contemporary History , Vol. 29, No. 1 (1994), pp. 155-184.
William Suarez Potts, “The Ambiguity of Labor Justice in Mexico, 1907-1931,” in Leon Fink and Juan Manuel Palacio, eds., Labor Justice across the Americas University of Illinois Press, 2018.
Cheryl B. Welch, ‘Liberalism and Social Rights’ in Murray Milgate and Cheryl B. Welch (eds.), Critical Issues in Social Thought (London, 1989).
Barbara Weinstein, The Colour of Modernity: São Paulo and the Making of Race and Nation in Brazil. Duke University Press, 2015.
Cliff Welch. The seed was planted: the Säo Paulo roots of Brazil's rural labor movement, 1924-1964. 1999.
Daryle Williams, Culture wars in Brazil: the first Vargas regime, 1930-1945. 2001.
Joel Wolfe, Working Women, Working Men: São Paulo and the Rise of Brazil's Industrial Working Class, 1900–1955. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993.
Daniel J. Whelan, Indivisible Human Rights – A History (Univ. of Pennsylvania, 2010).
Primary Sources:
International Covenant of Social, Economic and Cultural Rights, (1966).
Che Guevarra, The Debate at Punta del Este, 1961.
Short clip of Guevara's speech at Punta del Este
Che Guevara's Statement to the UN, 11 December, 1964
The American Convention on Human Rights, 1969
Speeches of Eva Peron (Argentina 1951), Eva Peron on Women's Suffrage (Argentina 1947).
Daniel James " Peron and the People" and Tomas Eloy Martinez "Santa Evita" in Gabriela Nouzeilles and Graciela Montaldo (eds.) The Argentina Reader: History Culture and Politics. Duke, 2002, pp. 273-303.
Select a document that interests you from the following:
TUC documents relating to South America, 1929-1946. MRC.
TUC documents reating to South America, 1946-1949. MRC.
TUC documents relating to Mexico, 1926-1940. MRC.
Term 2
Week 1: Social Justice, Solidarity, Liberation and Anti-Imperialism during the Cold War
How id decolonisation in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean impact ideas of social justice and human rights? How has religious thinking on social issues, social justice and human rights changed over time? How did Liberation Theology contribute to the tradition of human rights in Latin America? What were the issues involved in legislating on women's rights and gender rights in Latin American states and the inter-American system? How did activists engage with national and international legislation?
Core Readings:
Robert J.C. Young. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction, Anniversary Edition. 2016 London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2016. (Latin America 2 Fidel Castro, Che Guevarra and the tricontinental.)
Gustavo Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation, 1974, 21-42. (Chapter 2 "Liberation and Development")
Jocelyn Olcott. “Cold War Conflicts and Cheap Cabaret: Sexual Politics at the 1975 United Nations International Women’s Year Conference Gender & History.” Gender & History, vol. 22, no. 3, Nov. 2010, pp. 733–754.
Further Reading:
Manuel Barcia (2009) ‘Locking horns with the Northern Empire’: anti-American imperialism at the Tricontinental Conference of 1966 in Havana, Journal of Transatlantic Studies, 7:3, 208-217
John Burdick, Blessed Anastacia: women, race, and popular Christianity in Brazil. 1998.
Burdick, John, Looking for God in Brazil: The Progressive Catholic Church in Urban Brazil’s Religious Arena. University of California Press, 1993.
John Burdick. “Why is the Black Evangelical Movement Growing in Brazil?”, Journal of Latin American Studies, 37:2, May 2005, pp. 311-32.
Eduardo Batalha Viveiros de Castro. From the Enemy’s Point of View: humanity and divinity in an Amazonian society. 1992.
Andrew Chesnut, Born Again: The Pentecostal Boom and the Pathogens of Poverty. 1997.
Edward L. Cleary and Steigenga, Timothy J. Steigenga (eds.), Conversion of a Continent : Contemporary Religious Change in Latin America,Rutgers University Press, 2007.
Mahler, Anne Garland. From the Tricontinental to the Global South : Race, Radicalism, and Transnational Solidarity, Duke University Press, 2018.
Guerra, L. “Gender policing, homosexuality and the new patriarchy of the Cuban Revolution, 1965–70”, Social History, 35:3, 2010, 268-289.
Richard L. Harris “Cuban Internationalism, Che Guevara, and the Survival of Cuba's Socialist Regime.” Latin American Perspectives, vol. 36, no. 3, 2009, pp. 27–42.
Elizabeth Dore and Maxine Molyneux (eds.) Hidden Histories of Gender and the State in Latin America. Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2000.
Lombera, Juan Manuel. “The Church of the Poor and Civil Society in Southern Mexico: Oaxaca: 1960s -2010” Journal of Contemporary History 2018.
Mariano Mestman, “Third Cinema/Militant Cinema: At the Origins of the Argentinian Experience (1968-1971).” Third Text, 25:1, 2011, 29-40.
Maxine Molyneux. Women's Movemnents in International Perspective: Latin America and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.
Maxine Molyneux, and Shahra Razavi (ed.), Gender Justice, Development, and Rights. Oxford University Press USA - OSO, 2003.
Kathryn M. Marino. Feminism for the Americas: The Making of an International Human Rights Movement. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press, 2019.
Robin Nagle and Jill Nagle, Claiming the Virgin: The Broken Promise of Liberation Theology in Brazil. 1997.
Anthony Ratcliff, "Black Writers of the World, Unite!" Negotiating Pan-African Politics of Cultural Struggle in Afro-Latin America.” Black Scholar. 37:4, 2007, 27-38. Alexander Wilde. Religious Responses to Violence: Human Rights in Latin America Past and Present. University of Notre Dame Press: 201Robert J.C. Young. Postcolonialism: An
Historical Introduction, Anniversary Edition. 2016 London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2016. (Latin America 1 Mariátegui and Latin America 2 Fidel Castro, Che Guevarra and the tricontinental.)
Primary Sources:
Liberation Theology
Medellin Document CELAM II, 1968
Documents of the Second Vatican Council, 1962
Prof. Simon. S. Maimela. Report on the Second General Assembly of the Ecumenical Council of Third World Theologians (EATWOT) held in Oaxtepec, Mexico, December 7-17, 1986. DISA Archive, South Africa.
Tricontinental
US Government Security Report on the Tricontinental Conference of African, Asian, and Latin American peoples, 1966 http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/tricontinental.htm
Tricontinental Institute of Social Research (Especially the History Section)
Warwick University Library and the MRC hold print copies of the journal and bulletin published in Havana, Cuba by the Executive Secretariat of the Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America Tricontinental from 1966-1980
Third Cinema
Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino. “TOWARD A THIRD CINEMA.” Cinéaste, vol. 4, no. 3, 1970, pp. 1–10.
Film: The Hour of the Furnaces Dir. Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino. Argentina, 1968.
Week 2: Latin America and the Global Politics of Human Rights: Authoritarianism, insurgency, and counter insurgency.
What was the nature of the authoritarian regimes in South America in the late twentieth century? What was the nature of the civil conflict in Central America and Colombia? What was the impact on state-society relations regarding the protection of rights? What was the impact of the Cold War and the international order? What was the civil society response to the regimes and what effect did this have on the development of a Latin American tradition of human rights? How did the Transnational Solidarity Movement develop?
TW: The material in this section includes accounts of abuse and torture.
Core Readings:
Frenz, Helmut. "A Bishop Saving Singers: Tales of Torture in Pinochet's Chile." Dialog: A Journal of Theology, vol. 47, no. 3, Fall 2008, p. 251.
Patrick William Kelly. Sovereign Emergencies: Latin America and the Making of Global Human Rights Politics. Cambridge University Press: 2018. (Introduction and conclusion and raid the contents and index for what you are interested in.)
Alexander Wilde. Religious Responses to Violence: Human Rights in Latin America Past and Present. University of Notre Dame Press: 2015.
Archival Research Activity:
Read the blog about the State Crimes in Latin America (1962-2012): Collection H at the CAMeNA
Now look at the blog about the the origins of the archive, The Aliveness of Memory: The Academic Centre for the Memory of Nuestra América (CAMeNA)
How would knowing about the collection inform your research in the archive?
Using the MRC Digital Collection
Look at the Warwick Digital Archive of the Chile Solidarity Campaign.
Why is knowing about the collection and who collected it important for your research?
Choose a document. How might it be useful for an essay on this subject? How might it be less useful?
See also the MRC Digital Collection World University Service.
Further Reading:
Andrews, George Reid. Blackness in the White Nation: A History of Afro-Uruguay. University of North Carolina Press, 2010. (Chapter 5: Dictatorship to Democracy).
Roddy Brett. The origins and dynamics of genocide: political violence in Guatemala. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
Greg Grandin and Gilbert Joseph, A Century of Revolution: Insurgent and Counterinsurgent Violence during Latin America’s Long Cold War. Duke, 2010.
Grandin, Greg. The Last Colonial Massacre: Latin America in the Cold War. University of Chicago Press, 2011.
Michael George Hanchard. Orpheus and Power: The Movimento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil 1945-1988. Princeton University Press, 1994.
Mala Htun, Sex and the State: Abortion, Divorce, and the Family under Latin American Dictatorships and Democracies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003)
Margaret E. Keck, and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, 1998. (Chapter 3 and Chapter 5)
Grace Livingstone. Britain and the Dictatorships of Argentina and Chile, 1973-82 : Foreign Policy, Corporations and Social Movements, Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.
Jadwiga E. Pieper Mooney, “Forging Feminisms under Dictatorship: Women’s International Ties and National Feminist Empowerment in Chile, 1973-1990.” Women’s History Review, vol. 19, no. 4, Sept. 2010, pp. 613–630.
Diana Taylor Disappearing Acts: Spectacles of Gender and Nationalism in Argentina’s Dirty War. Duke, 1997.
Kenneth Serbin. Secret dialogues: church-state relations, torture, and social justice in authoritarian Brazil. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press 2000.
Kathryn Sikkink. Mixed Signals: U.S. Human Rights Policy and Latin America. (Cornell University Press, 2011)
William Michael Schmidli.The Fate of Freedom Elsewhere: Human Rights and U.S. Cold War Policy toward Argentina (Cornell, 2013).
Steve J. Stern. Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet's Chile, 1973-1988. Duke University Press, 2006.
Jessica Stites Mor (ed.) Human Rights and Transnational Solidarity in Cold War Latin America, University of Wisconsin Press, 2013.
Markarian, Vania. Left in Transformation: Uruguayan Exiles and the Latin American Human Rights Network, 1967 -1984, Routledge, 2005.
Jan Eckel, ‘The Rebirth of Politics from the Spirit of Morality: Explaining the Human Rights Revolution of the 1970s’ in Moyn and Eckel (eds.), The Breakthrough: Human Rights in the 1970s (U Penn: 2013), 226-260.
Primary Sources:
Guatemala: Testimonio Rigoberta Menchú, I Rigoberta (1984) Menchu, Rigoberta. I, Rigoberta Menchu : An Indian Woman in Guatemala edited by Elisabeth Burgos-Debray, Verso, 2010.
Chile: Warwick Digital Archive of the Chile Solidarity Campaign.
Some films and podcasts:
Patricio Guzmán's film series, La batalla de Chile. Chile, 1975-79.
The Official Story. Dir. Luis Puenzo. Argentina, 1985.
Machuca. Dir. Andrés Wood. Chile/ Spain, 2004.
Third Cinema Films. Cine Tercer Mundo
Playlist
The political musical genre, Nueva Cancion
Chile: Victor Jara, Violetta Parra
Tropicalia in Brazil
Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil
Week 3. Indigenous Rights, Neoliberalism and the Right to Development.
How does the idea of communal rights relate to post-colonialism? How does multicultural citizenship work in Latin America? What were the demands of the indigenous rights movements? How did the indigenous rights movements legitimise their claims?
Core Readings:
John Gledhill, “Liberalism, socio-economic rights and the politics of identity: From moral economy to indigenous rights,” in Richard A. Wilson (ED.) Human Rights Culture and Context. London: Pluto Press, 1997.
Charles R Hale, "Does Multiculturalism Menace? Governanance, Cultural Rights and the Politics of Identity in Guatemala."Journal of Latin American Studies 34:3 (2002), 485-524.
John-Andrew McNeish 'Beyond the Permitted Indian? Bolivia and Guatemala in an Era of Neoliberal Developmentalism', Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, 3:1, (2008) 33-59.
Further Readings:
Mark G. Brett, and Roddy Brett. Social Movements, Indigenous Politics and Democratisation in Guatemala, 1985-1996, BRILL, 2008.
Corradi, Giselle. "Indigenous Justice and the Right to a Fair Trial." Human Rights Encounter Legal Pluralism: Normative and Empirical Approaches. Ed. Giselle Corradi, Eva Brems and Mark Goodale. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2017. 97–116.
Jorge Dandler “Indiegenous Peoples and the Rule of Law in Latin America. Do they have a chance?” in Juan E. Mendez, Guillermo O’Donnel and Paulo Sergio Pinheiro (eds.) The (Un)Rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America, University of Notre Dame Press, 1999.
Shelton H. Davis, Land Rights and Indigenous Peoples: The Role of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Cultural Survival, 1998.
Héctor Diaz-Polanco, Indigenous Peoples in Latin America: The Quest for Self Determination. Westview, 2000.
Paulo Drinot. “The Meaning of Alan Garcia: Sovereignty and Governmentality in Neoliberal Peru.” Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies, vol. 20, no. 2, June 2011, p. 179.
Gustavo Esteva and Madhu Suri Prakash. Grassroots Postmodernism : Remaking the Soil of Cultures, Zed Books, 2014. (Especially Chapter 4, "Human Rights: The Trojan Horse of Recolonization?")
Nicole Fabricant, and Nancy Postero. "Performing Indigeneity in Bolivia: The Struggle Over the TIPNIS." no. 3, 2018, p. 905.
Mark Goodale and Nancy Postero. Neoliberalism, Interrupted : Social Change and Contested Governance in Contemporary Latin America, Stanford University Press, 2013.
Charles Hale 'Rethinking Indigenous Politics in the Era of the “Indio Permitido”', NACLA Report on the Americas, (2004), 38:2, 16-21.OR:
Charles R. Hale. "Neoliberal Multiculturalism: The Remaking of Cultural Rights and Racial Dominance in Central America." PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, vol. 28, no. 1, May 2005, p. 10-28.
Hernández, Castillo, Rosalva Aída. Histories and Stories from Chiapas : Border Identities in Southern Mexico, University of Texas Press, 2001.
Mala Htun and Juan Pablo Ossa, “Political Inclusion of Marginalized Groups: Gender Parity and Indigenous Reservations in Bolivia.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 1, 1 (March 2013): 4-25.
Jones, Peter. “Human Rights, Group Rights and People’s Rights.” Human Rights Quarterly Vol. 21,1999.
Margaret E. Keck, and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, 1998. (Chapter 3)
Kymlika, Will. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford University Press, 1995.
Florencia E. Mallon. Courage Tastes of Blood: the Mapuche community of Nicolás Ailío and the Chilean state, 1906-2001. Durham London: Duke, 2005.
Nuijten, M., and D. Lorenzo. (2009) ‘Ruling by Record: The Meaning of Rights, Rules and Registration in an Andean Comunidad,’ Development and Change, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 81–103.
John-Andrew McNeish 'Beyond the Permitted Indian? Bolivia and Guatemala in an Era of Neoliberal Developmentalism', Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, 3:1, (2008) 33-59.
Mariana Mora, Kuxlejal Politics, Indigenous Autonomy, Race and Decolonizing Research Zapatista Communities, University of Texas Press (2017)
Guillermo de la Peña, “Social Citizenship, Ethnic Minority Demands, Human Rights and Neoliberal Paradoxes: A Case Study in Western Mexico” in ” in Rachel Sieder (ed). Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy, Palgrave Press, 2002.
Postero, Nancy G. Postero. Now we are Citizens: Indigenous Politics in Postmulticultural Bolivia. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.
Postero, Nancy. The Indigenous State: Race, Politics, and Performance in Plurinational Bolivia. University of California Press, 2017.
Rachel Sieder, “Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy” in Rachel Sieder (ed.) Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy , Palgrave Press, 2002.
Rachel Sieder, “Recognizing Indigenous Law and the Politics of State Formation in Latin America" in Rachel Sieder (ed). Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy, Palgrave Press, 2002.
Rachel Sieder (ed.) Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy , Palgrave Press, 2002.
Shannon Speed and Jane Collier, “Limiting Indigenous Autonomy in Chiapas Mexico: The State Government’s Use of the Discourse of Human Rights,” Human Rights Quarterly, 22:4, 2000: 877-905.
Stamatopolou, Elsa, “Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations: Human Rights as a Developing Dynamic”, Human Rights Quarterly, 16, 1994.
Rodolfo Stavenhagen, “Indigenous Peoples and the State in Latin America: An Ongoing Debate” in Rachel Sieder (ed). Multiculturalism in Latin America: Indigenous Rights, Diversity and Democracy, Palgrave Press, 2002.
Donna Lee Van Cott, “Unity through diversity: Ethnic Politics and Democratic Deepening in Colombia” in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 2:4, 1996.
Donna Lee Van Cott. The Friendly Liquidation of the Past: The Politics of Diversity in Latin America, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000.
Yashar, Deborah J. Contesting Citizenship in Latin America: The Rise of Indigenous Movements and the Postliberal Challenge. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Peru: An exceptional case?
Ronald Berg, “Sendero Luminoso and the Peasantry of Andahuaylas,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28 (4): 165–196
Jaymie Patricia Heilman, Before the Shining Path: Politics in Rural Ayacucho, 1895–1980. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010.
Miguel La Serna, The Corner of the Living: Ayacucho on the Eve of the Shining Path Insurgency. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Lewis Taylor, Shining Path: Guerrilla War in Peru’s Northern Highlands, 1980–1997. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 2006.
Some films and podcasts:
Even the Rain. Dir. Icíar Bollaín Spain, 2010.
The Dancer Upstairs. Dir. John Malkovich UK, 2002.
Primary Sources:
Camba Nation Declaration (Bolivia 2001)
Comunalidad, Jaime Martinez Luna, 2015 and Zapatista Communiquee's (widely available) Zapatista, San Andres Agreements 1995, 1996
Week 4. Transitional Justice and Memory
Content warning: The material for this section contains testimonies of torture, abuse and gendered violence.
How have ideas about rights been changed and shaped by processes of transitional justice?
What questions an issues arise in the process of transition?
What are the issues with truth commissions themselves?
Core readings:
Greg Grandin, “The Instruction of Great Catastrophe: Truth Commissions, National History and State Formation in Chile, Argentina and Guatemala,” American Historical Review, 110:1, 2005, 46-67.
AND
Paige Arthur, 'How "Transitions" Reshaped Human Rights: A Conceptual History of Transitional Justice", Human Rights Quarterly 31:2 (2009), 321-367.
OR
Cath Collins, Jemima Garcia Godos and Erin Sarkar, Transitional Justice in Latin America: The Uneven Road toward Accountability. London: Routeledge, 2016. (Introduction, Conclusion and a chapter on the country that interests you.)
Primary source activity:
Look at the MRC catalogue for the Amnesty archives on Guatemala and Argentina. Think about a potential essay title on the subject of transitional justice. How would you go about planning an archive visit to research for the essay?
Amnesty International Archive on Guatemala, 1999-2009. MRC.
Amnesty International Archive on Argentina, 2000-2011. MRC.
Thinking about public history (Practical Written Assignment):
Watch the 2017 film about the Peace Festival with activists from Peru and Colombia. How effective is it as a piece of public history?
Further Reading:
Roddy Brett. The Politics of Victimhood in Post-Conflict Societies. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
Bueno-Hansen, Pascha. Feminist and Human Rights Struggles in Peru : Decolonizing Transitional Justice, University of Illinois Press, 2015.
Cath Collins, Jemima Garcia Godos and Erin Sarkar, Transitional Justice in Latin America: The Uneven Road toward Accountability. London: Routeledge, 2016.
Cath Collins. Post-Transitional Justice: Legal Strategies and Human Rights Trials in Chile and El Salvador. (University Park: PA: Pennsylvania State University, 2010)
Sylvia Karl, “Rehumanising the Disappeared: Spaces of Memory in Mexico and the Liminality of Transitional Justice”, American Quarterly,2014, 66:3.
Nina Schneider and Marcia Esparza (eds.) Legacies of State Violence and Transitional Justice in Latin America : A Janus-Faced Paradigm? Marcia Esparza, Lexington Books, 2015.
Rachel Sieder. Impunity in Latin America. 1996.
Guatemala:
Laplante, Lisa J. "Memory Battles: Guatemala's Public Debates and the Genocide Trial of Jose Efrain Rios Montt." Quinnipiac Law Review (QLR), vol. 32, no. 3, 2014, pp. 621-674.
The Southern Cone:
Rebecca Atencio, Memory's Turn: Reckoning with Dictatorship in Brazil. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014.
Naomi Roht Arriaza, The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
Leigh A. Payne. Unsettling Accounts: Neither Truth Nor Reconciliation in Confessions of State Violence. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2008. Introduction and conclusion (Chapter Scan)
Roniger, Luis, and Mario Sznajder. The Legacy of Human-Rights Violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Oxford University Press, 2011.
Steve J. Stern. Reckoning with Pinochet: The Memory Question in Democratic Chile 1989-2006. Duke University Press, 2010.
Jose Zalaquett. “Balancing Ethical Imperatives and Political Constraints: The Dilemma of New Democracies Confronting Past Human Rights Violations.” Hastings Law Journal, no. Issue 6, 1991, p. 1425.
Peru:
Francine A’ness, “Resisting Amnesia: Yuyachkani, Performance, and the Postwar Reconstruction of Peru,” Theatre Journal 56 (2004): 395–414
Matthew Brown and Karen M. Tucker, 2017, ‘Unconsented Sterilisation, Participatory Story-Telling, and Digital Counter-Memory in Peru’. Antipode, vol 49., pp. 1186-1203.
Edward Chauca, “Mental Illness in Peruvian Narratives of Violence after the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,” Latin American Research Review 51, no. 2 (2016): 67–85.
Joseph P. Feldman, “Exhibiting Conflict: History and Politics at the Museo de la Memoria de ANFASEP in Ayacucho,” Anthropological Quarterly 85, no. 2 (2012): 492-
Jocelyn Getgen, “Untold Truths: The Exclusion of the Enforced Sterilizations from the Peruvian Truth Commission’s Final Report,” Boston College Third World Law Journal 29, no. 1 (Winter 2009)
Eduardo González Cueva, “The Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Challenge of Impunity,” in Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century, Beyond Truth Versus Justice, ed. Naomi Roht-Arriaza and Javier Mariezcurrena. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Anne Lambright, Andean Truths: Transitional Justice, Ethnicity, and Cultural Production in Post-Shining Path Peru. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 2015.
Lisa Laplante, “The Peruvian Truth Commission’s Historical Memory Project: Empowering Truth-Tellers to Confront Truth Deniers,” Journal of Human Rights 6 (2007): 435.
Laplante, Lisa J., and Kimberly Theidon. '"Commissioning Truth, Constructing Silences: The Peruvian Truth Commission and the Other Truths of "Terrorists".' Mirrors of Justice: Law and Power in the Post-Cold War Era, edited by Kamari Maxine Clarke and Mark Goodale, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2009, pp. 291–315.
Cynthia Milton, “At the Edge of the Peruvian Truth Commission: Alternative Paths to Recounting the Past,”Radical History Review 98 (Spring 2007): 14;
Cynthia Milton, “Defacing memory: (Un)tying Peru’s memory knots,” Memory Studies 4, no. 2: 190–205.
Thomas Pegram, “Accountability in Hostile Times: The Case of the Peruvian Human Rights Ombudsman 1996–2001,” Journal of Latin American Studies 40, no. 1 (2008): 51–82
Rebecca Root. Transitional Justice in Peru. 2012.
Margarita Saona. Memory Matters in Transitional Peru. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2014.
Kimberly Theidon, Intimate Enemies: Violence and Reconciliation in Peru. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.
Primary Sources:
Peru: Abbreviated Truth Commission Report, Hatun Willakuy and Quipu Project
Chile: Rettig Commission Report, 1990
Guatemalan Peace Accords, 1996
Torture in Brazil: A Shocking Report on the Pervasive Use of Torture by Brazilian Military Governments, 1964-1979 (ILAS Special Publication: Catholic Church Archdiocese of Sao Paulo et al, 1998)
Some films and podcasts:
The Secret in Their Eyes. Dir. Juan José Campanella Argentina, 2009.
Nostalgia for the Light. Dir. Patricio Guzmán. Chile, 2010.
Week 5. Gender Identity, Sexuality and Rights
Questions for Discussion:
How important have conceptions of citizenship been for advocacy and/ or legislation relating to gender and/ or sexuality? What has been the relationship between social norms and legislation?
Core Reading:
Julie Hollar (2018) "The political mediation of Argentina's gender identity law: LGBT activism and rights innovation", Journal of Human Rights, 17:4, 453-469
Javier Corrales, and Mario Pecheny (eds.) The Politics of Sexuality in Latin America: A Reader on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010.
Carl F. Stychin. "Same-sex sexualities and the globalization of human rights discourse." McGill Law Journal, (2004) 49:4, 951–968.
Further Reading:
Leslie Schwindt Bayer, ed., Gender and Representation in Latin America New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Cristian Berco. “Silencing the Unmentionable: Non-Reproductive Sex and the Creation of a Civilized Argentina, 1860-1900.” The Americas, vol. 58, no. 3, 2002, p. 419.
Javier Corrales, and Mario Pecheny (eds.) The Politics of Sexuality in Latin America: A Reader on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010.
Díez, Jordi. The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Elisabeth Jay Friedman. (2012) "Constructing “the same rights with the same names”: The impact of Spanish norm diffusion on marriage equality in Argentina." Latin American Politics and Society, (2013) 54:4, 29–59.
Penny Miles, "Brokering Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Chilean Lawyers and Public Interest Litigation Strategies." Bulletin of Latin American Research (2015) 34:4, 435-450.
Penny Miles, "Challenging Heteronormativity: Atala Riffo and Daughters v. Chile." In S. Smart, K. Fernandez, & C. Peña (Eds.), Chile and the Inter-American Human Rights System Institute of Latin American Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2007.
Robert McKee Irwin, Edward J. McCaughan and Michelle Rocío Nasser (eds.) The famous 41 : sexuality and social control in Mexico, c. 1901. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
William J Payne., ‘Queer Urban Activism under State Impunity: Encountering an LGBTTTI Pride
Archive in Chilpancingo, Mexico’, Urban Studies, 2020, 1-19.
Shawn Schulenberg. "The construction and enactment of same-sex marriage in Argentina." Journal of Human Rights, (2012)11:1, 106–125.
Carl F. Stychin. "Same-sex sexualities and the globalization of human rights discourse." McGill Law Journal, (2004) 49:4, 951–968.
Primary Sources:
Argentina's Gender Identity Law, 2012. English Translation of Argentina's Gender Identity Law, 2012.
The Yogyakarta Principles, 2006.
Some films and podcasts:
XXY. Dir. Lucía Puenzo. Argentina, 2007.
Writing for a public audience:
Choose one of the articles about contemporary Human Rights issues in Brazil suggested in the reading list below for the Brazilian activist, Marielle Franco. Who do you think the intended audience might be? What strategies has the writer used to attract and keep the attention of the reader? What does the reader stand to learn from the article? Would they need any background knowledge to understand the article?
#MariellePresente: A Reading List for Marielle Franco, NACLA, March 2020.
Week 7. Multiculturalism Revisited: Rights for Afro-Latin Americans
What strategies have Afro-Latin Americans used to campaign for rights? What have been the major concerns of their campaigns? How has multicultural constitutionalism affected Afro-Latin Americans? How have Afro Latin-Americans engaged with international and national legislation, NGOs and transnational social movements?
Core Readings
Pierre-Michelle Fontaine. "International Organizations and the Human Rights of Afro-Latin Americans." in Rahier J.M. (eds) Black Social Movements in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, New York., 2012. and/or a chapter from the same volume on a country that you are interested in.
Augustín Láo Montes, “Mapping the Field of Afro-Latin American Politics: In and Out of the Civil Society Agenda” in Sonia E. Alvarez, et al. (eds.) Beyond Civil Society: Activism, Participation, and Protest in Latin America. Durham: London, Duke University Press, 2017.
Further Readings
Kiran Asher, “From Afro-Colombians to Afro-descendants. The Trajectory of Black Social Movements in Colombia 1990-2010,” in Sonia E. Alvarez, et al. (eds.) Beyond Civil Society: Activism, Participation, and Protest in Latin America. Durham: London, Duke University Press, 2017.
Medea Benjamin and Maisa Mendonça, Benedita da Silva: an Afro-Brazilian woman’s story of politics and love. 1997.
John Burdick, “What is the Colour of the Holy Spirit? Pentecostalism and Black Identity in Brazil,” Latin American Research Review, 34:2, 1999.
Ariel E. Dulitzky, “When Afro-descendants became "Tribal Peoples": The Inter-American Human Rights System and Rural Black Communities” UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs. 15:1, 2010, 29-81.
Maria Fernanda Escllón, “Heritage, land, labor, and competing claims for Afro-Colombian Rights,” International Journal of Cultural Property, 25:1, 2018, 59-83
Manuel Gongora Mera, “The Ethnic Chapter of the 2016 Colombian peace agreement and the afro-descendants' right to prior consultation: a story of unfulfilled promises,” International Journal of Human Rights. 23:6, 2019, 938-956.
Dixon, Kwame, and Burdick, John, eds. Comparative Perspectives on Afro-Latin America. Florida: University Press of Florida, 2012. (Parts 2 and 3)
Mala Htun, “Political Inclusion and Representation of Afrodescendant Women in Latin America,” in Maria Escobar-Lemmon and Michelle Taylor-Robinson, eds. Representation: The Case of Women (Oxford University Press, 2014).
Tanya Katerí Hernández, “Race and the Law in Latin America” in Kwame Dixon and Ollie. A. Johnson (eds.) Comparative Racial Politics in Latin America Routledge, 2018
Augustín Láo Montes, “Mapping the Field of Afro-Latin American Politics: In and Out of the Civil Society Agenda” in Sonia E. Alvarez, et al. (eds.) Beyond Civil Society: Activism, Participation, and Protest in Latin America. Durham: London, Duke University Press, 2017.
David Lehman (ed.) The Crisis of Multiculturalism in Latin America. London: Palgrave Studies in the Americas, 2019.
Cecilia McCallum, "Women Out of Place? A Micro-Historical Perspective on the Black Feminist Movement in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil." Journal of Latin American Studies, 39:1 (2007): 55-80.
Keisha-Khan Y. Perry Geographies of Power: Black Women Mobilizing Intersectionality in Brazil: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism. Meridians 14.1 (2016): 94-120.
Donna Lee Van Cott, “Building inclusive democracies: Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in Latin America,” Democratization,12: 5, 2005, 820-837.
Leandro Vergara-Camus, “The Politics of the MST: Autonomous Rural Communities, the State, and Electoral Politics,” Latin American Perspectives, 36:4 (July 2009): 178-91
Howard Winant, “Rethinking Race in Brazil,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 24:1, Feb. 1992; see also article by Reid Andrews in same issue.
Frances Winddance Twine, Racism in a Racial Democracy: The Maintenance of White Supremacy in Brazil, 1997.
Primary Sources
The Durban Declaration, 2001 See also, https://www.un.org/en/conferences/racism
OHCHR: Defending the rights of African descendants in the Americas, 2011.
OHCHR: Equal figures, equal societies, 2011.
Colombian Peace Agreement, 2016
Statement read by the researcher América Nicte-López Chávez at the OHCHR 26th session of the Working Group of experts on people of African descent, Regional meetings with Civil Society, Latin America and Caribbean Session, 24 November 2020
Amnesty Report on Colombia: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/01/afro-colombian-women-risking-lives-defend-communities/
Week 8. Human Rights and the Environment: The Rights of Mother Earth.
In what ways do environmental rights intersect with the rights of indigenous people in Latin America and Afro-Latin Americans? How do environmental rights intersect with gender rights? What role have Latin American citizens had in innovating on environmental rights getting environmental rights onto the international agenda? How have Latin Americans engaged with existing national and international rights frameworks? Assess the religious responses to environmental concerns in the region?
Core Readings:
Choose 2 of the following readings:
Leonardo Boff. Cry of the Earth, Cry of the Poor. Orbis Books, 1997. and/ or Leonardo Boff, "The Ethic of Care" in Voice for Earth: American Writers Respond to the Earth Charter, edited by Peter Blaze Corcoran, et al., University of Georgia Press, 2008.
Alex Latta and Hannah Wittman, “Citizens, Society and Nature Sites of Inquiry, Points of Departure” in Latta, Alex, and Hannah Wittman, eds. Environment and Citizenship in Latin America: Natures, Subjects and Struggles. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012.
Guillermo Kerber "Church advocacy in Latin America Integrating environment in the struggle for justice and human rights." in Evan Berry and Robert Albro (eds.) Environment Religion and Social Conflict in Contemporary Latin America. London: Routeledge, 2018.
Escobar, Arturo. Territories of Difference: Place, Movements, Life, Redes, Duke University Press, 2008. (Introduction)
Sharlene Morlett, "The Power to Plunder: Rethinking Land Grabbing in Latin America". Antipode. 48:2, 2016. p. 412
Seminar Activity:
Watch the trailer for El Tema: Agua, presented by the actor and producer, Gael García Bernal and the writer and linguist Yásnaya Águilar.
What can it tell us about the relationship between human rights and environmental rights? How it it useful for the historian of environmental history and human rights? How effective is the narrative? How does it appeal to the audience?
Thinking about Public History:
TW: This interview contains a discussion on gendered violence.
Listen to the interview with the journalist, Nina Lakhani talking about her book about and environmentalist. How do race, gender and the protection of the environment intersect? Who Killed Berta Cáceres?
Further Readings:
Kiran Asher, “Fragmented Forests, Fractured Lives: Ethno-territorial Struggles and Development in the Pacific Lowlands of Colombia.” Antipode 52: 4, 2020, 949-970.
Bulletin of Latin American Research. Special issue on Covid 19. 39:1, Dec 2020.
Latta, Alex, and Hannah Wittman, eds. Environment and Citizenship in Latin America: Natures, Subjects and Struggles. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012.
Dore, Elizabeth. “Environment and Society: Long-Term Trends in Latin American Mining.” Environment and History 6, no. 1 (Feb., 2000): 1–29.
Margaret E. Keck, and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Cornell University Press, 1998. (Chapter 4).
Shawn William Miller, An Environmental History of Latin America
Guillermo Castro Herrera. “The Environmental Crisis and the Tasks of History in Latin America.” Environment and History 3, no. 1 (Feb., 1997): 1–18.
Kristina Tiedje in Evan Berry and Robert Albro (eds.) Church, Cosmovision and the Environment: Religion and Social Conflict in Contemporary Latin America. London: Routeledge, 2018.
Newby, H. (1996) ‘Citizenship in a Green World: Global Commons and Human Stewardship,’ in M. Bulmer and A. M. Rees (eds), Citizenship Today: The Contemporary Relevance of T.H. Marshall. London: UCL Press, pp. 209–221. (See Chapter Scan)
Wittman, H. (2009) ‘Reframing Agrarian Citizenship: Land, Life and Power in Brazil,’ Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 120–130.
Whitman H. (2010) ‘Agrarian Reform and the Environment: Fostering Ecological Citizenship in Mato Grosso, Brazil,’ Canadian Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 281– 298.
Valencia Sáis, A. (2005) ‘Globalisation, Cosmopolitanism and Ecological Citizenship,’ Environmental Politics, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 163–178.
Walker, D., et al. (2007) ‘When Participation Meets Empowerment: The WWF and the Politics of Invitation in the Chimalapas, Mexico,’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 423–444.
Menegat, R. (2002) ‘Participatory Democracy and Sustainable Development: Integrated Urban Environmental Management in Porto Alegre, Brazil,’ Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 181-206.
Latta, P. A. (2007) ‘Citizenship and the Politics of Nature: The Case of Chile’s Alto Bío Bío,’ Citizenship Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 229–246.
Latta P.a (2007) ‘Locating Democratic Politics in Ecological Citizenship,’ Environmental Politics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 377–393.
Jelin, Elizabeth. ‘Towards a Global Environmental Citizenship,’ Citizenship Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2000, pp. 47–62.
Hochstetler, K., and Keck, M. E. Greening Brazil: Environmental Activism in State and Society. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.
James Holston, Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
David V. Carruthers, Environmental Justice in Latin America: Problems, Promise, and Practice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008.
Jose Esteban Castro, Water, Power, and Citizenship: Social Struggle in the Basin of Mexico. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Primary Sources:
Papal Encyclical Laudate Si/ Care for Our Common Home. 2015
Article about the Ethics Tribunal for the Rights of Nature, 17 January 2014, Quito, Ecuador.
World People's Conference on Climate Change Rights of Mother Earth
People's Agreement 2010 Cochabamba, Bolivia
Some films and podcasts:
Nina Lakhani talks about her book about the murder of an environmentalist. Who Killed Berta Cáceres?
Amnest International Report on Colombia, “Why do the want to kill us?’ https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/debemos-proteger-quienes-defienden-tierra-ambiente-colombia/
And Guardian Article
Week 9. Democratisation: Violence, inequality, migrant rights and children’s rights.
How have the processes of democratisation in Latin America effected human rights discourses of both the state and civil society? Why has democratisation been accompanied by an escalation of violence in some places and how has this effected human rights claims? What effect have indigenous rights movements had on democratisation? What impact does migration have on rights?
Core Readings:
John Gledhill, “The Rights of the Rich versus the Rights of the Poor” in Sam Hickley and Diana Mitlin (eds.) Rights-based approaches to development. Stirling VA: Kumarian Press,
Amy Risley. The Youngest Citizens: Children's Rights in Latin America (1st ed.). London: Routledge, 20019. (Chapters 5 and/or 7)
Further Reading:
Sonia E. Alvarez, et al (eds.) Beyond Civil Society: Activism, Participation, and Protest in Latin America Duke University Press, 2017.
Desmond Arias and Daniel M. Goldstein (eds.) Violent Democracies in Latin America Durham/London: Duke,2010.
Javier Ayuero, “The hyper-shantytown: Neo-liberal violence(s) in the Argentine slum” Ethnography. 1:1 (2000), 93-116.
Brinks, Daniel. The Judicial Response to Police Killings in Latin America: Inequality and the Rule of Law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Alexandra de Brito, Human Rights and Democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile, Oxford University Press, 1997.
Teresa P.R. Caldeira, ‘The Paradox of Police Violence in Democratic Brazil’ Ethnography. 3:3, 235-263. 2002
Javier Couso, Alex Huneeus and Rachel Sieder (eds.) Cultures of Legality: Judicialization and Political Activism in Latin America Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Enrique Desmond Arias and Daniel M. Goldstein eds. Violent Democracies in Latin America. Duke University Press, 2011.
Tom Farer (ed.) Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Sovereignty in the Americas. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Janice Fine and Allison Petrozziello, ‘Haitian Migrant Workers in the Dominican Republic: Organising at the Intersection of Informality and Illegality’, in Adrienne Eaton, Susan Schurman and Martha Chan (eds.), Informal Workers and Collective Action: A Global Perspective, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017.
Brodwyn Fischer, et al. (eds.) Cities from Scratch : Poverty and Informality in Urban Latin America, edited by Brodwyn Fischer, et al., Duke University Press, 2014.
Joe Foweraker, “Grassroots movements and political activism in Latin America: A critical comparison of Chile and Brazil.” Journal of Latin American Studies. 33:4, 839-865.
Juan Pablo Ferrero. Democracy against Neoliberalism in Argentina and Brazil: a move to the left. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
Rosa-Linda Fregoso and Cynthia Bejarano, eds. Terrorizing Women: Feminicide in the Américas. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2010.
Paulina García-Del Moral. “Transforming Feminicidio: Framing, Institutionalization and Social Change.” Current Sociology, vol. 64, no. 7, Nov. 2016, p. 1017.
Goldstein, Daniel M. Outlawed: Between Security and Rights in a Bolivian City. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2012.
Goodale, Mark, and Sally Engle Merry, editors. The Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law between the Global and the Local Cambridge University Press, 2007. (Chapters by Speed, Goodale and Jackson)
Mark Goodale (ed.) Human Rights at the Crossroads. Oxford University Press USA, 2012.
Michael Hanchard (ed.), Racial Politics in Contemporary Brazil. 1999.
Tobias Hecht, At Home in the Street: street children of Northeast Brazil. 1998.
Kees Koonig, ‘New Violence, Insecurity and the state; Comparative Reflections on Latin America and Mexico’ in Pansters, W G. ed., 2012. Violence, Coercion and State-Making in Twentieth-Century Mexico: The Other Half of the Centaur. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Sian Lazar and Maxine Molyneux, Doing the rights thing: Rights-based development and Latin American NGOs. London: ITDG Publishing, 2003.
Viviana Beatriz Macmanus, ‘‘We are not Victims, we are Protagonists of this History’ Latin American Gender Violence and the Limits of Women’s Rights as Human Rights’, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 17:1 (2015), 40-57.
David Lehman (ed.) The Crisis of Multiculturalism in Latin America. London: Palgrave Studies in the Americas, 2019.
Richard MacLure (ed.) Special Issue: Children's Rights in Latin America: Constraints and Possibilities International Journal of Children's Rights, 22: 2 (2014), 235-240
Cecilia McCallum, "Women Out of Place? A Micro-Historical Perspective on the Black Feminist Movement in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil." Journal of Latin American Studies, 39:1 (2007): 55-80.
Julia Paley. Marketing Democracy: Power and Social Movements in Post-Dictatorship Chile. Berkley: University of California Press, 2001.
Carolina Robledo Silvestre, ‘Combing History Against the Grain: The Search for Truth Amongst Mexico’s Hidden Graves’ in Pansters, Will.G, Smith, Benjamin T., and Watt, Peter (eds.), Beyond the Drug War in Mexico: Human Rights, the Public Sphere and Justice, London: Routledge, 2018.
Carolina Robledo Silvestre, ‘Looking for el Pozolero’s Traces: Identity and Liminal Condition in the War on Drug’s Disappearances’, Frontera Norte, 26:52, 2014.
Barbara Sutton. Bodies in Crisis: Culture, Violence and Women’s Resistance in Neoliberal Argentina. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2010.
Kathryn Sikkink. 1996. “Reconceptualizing Sovereignty in the Americas: Historical Precursors and Current Practices.” Houston Journal of International Law 19(3): 705-724.
Javier Trevino-Rangel, ‘Silencing Grievance: Responding to human rights violations in Mexico’s war on drugs’, Journal of Human Rights,17:4 2018.
Letícia Veloso, “Universal citizens, unequal childhoods: Children’s Perspectives on Rights and Citizenship in Brazil,” Latin American Perspectives, 35:4 (July 2008): 45-59.
Primary Sources:
A traveller's account of police brutality in Brazil in:
Akala. Natives: Race and Class in the Ruins of Empire. London: Two Roads, 2018. 54-57.
Human Rights Watch Report on Colombia, 2021
NACLA ARTICLE commemorating Joane Florvil
Amnesty Materials on the Wagner Dos Santos case in Brazil, 1995 in the MRC
Practical Assignment
Look at this website about contemporary issues of migration from central America. Find something that interests you (A video, an artistic intervention, disappearance search). What do you think of the website as a source of public history/ human rights scholarship.
Ecologies of Migrant Care, Hemispheric Institute of Performance and Politics, New York University
You'll find some more information about the project in Diana Taylor. Presente!: The Politics of Presence. Duke University Press, 2020. (Chapter 1)
Week 10. Citizenship and Identity.
How were notions of citizenship constructed in Latin America and how did they change over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
Core Readings:
Tamar Herzog. "Communities Becoming a Nation: Spain and Spanish America in the Wake of Modernity (and Thereafter)" Citizenship Studies. 2007, 11: 2,151-172.
Gordon, Andrew and Stack, Trevor “Citizenship Beyond the State: Thinking with Early Modern Citizenship in the Contemporary World.” Citizenship Studies, 2007,11: 2,117-133.
Further reading:
Articles in "Citizenship Beyond the State?" Special issue of Citizenship Studies, 2007,11: 2,117-133.
Silvia Marina Arrom, The Women of Mexico City, 1790-1857. Berkley: University of California Press, 1985.
Todd A. Diacon. Stringing together a nation: Cândido Mariano Da Silva Rondon and the construction of a modern Brazil, 1906-1930. Durham/ London: Duke University Press: 2004.
Dixon, Kwame, and Burdick, John, eds. Comparative Perspectives on Afro-Latin America. Florida: University Press of Florida, 2012. (Especially Chapters 9 and 10)
Marshall Eakin, Becoming Brazilians: Race and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Brazil. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Manuel Góngora-Mera “Transregional articulations of law and race in Latin America” in Elizabeth Jelin, Renata Motta, Sérgio Costa (eds.) Global Entangled Inequalities: Conceptual Debates and Evidence from Latin America. London: Routledge, 2017
Hernández Castillo, Rosalva Aída. Histories and Stories from Chiapas : Border Identities in Southern Mexico, University of Texas Press, 2001.
James Holston, Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunctions of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Mala Htun, Inclusion Without Representation: Gender Quotas and Ethnic Reservations in Latin America New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Elizabeth Jelin and Eric Hershberg (eds.) Constructing Democracy: Human Rights, Citizenship and Society in Latin America. Westview Press: 1996.
Florencia E. Mallon. Courage Tastes of Blood: the Mapuche community of Nicolás Ailío and the Chilean state, 1906-2001. Durham London: Duke, 2005
Florencia E. Mallon. The Defense of Community in Peru's Central Highlands : Peasant Struggle and Capitalist Transition, 1860-1940. Princeton, 2014.
Steve J. Stern. Resistance, Rebellion and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World 18th to 20th Centuries. University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
Philip Oxhorn, “Civil Society from the Inside Out: Civil Society and the Challenge of Political Influence.” In Roberta Rice and Gordana Yovanavich (eds.) Re-Imagining Community and Civil Society in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: Routeledge, 2016.
Roberts B, “The Social Context of Citizenship in Latin America.” Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 20, 1996.
David Satroious. Ever Faithful: Race, Loyalty and the Ends of Empire in Spanish Cuba. Durham: Duke University Press, 2014.
Mario Sznajder, Carlos A. Forment, and Luis Roniger Shifting Frontiers of Citizenship: The Latin American Experience, BRILL, 2012.
Rachel Sieder, “Rethinking Democratization and Citizenship: Legal Pluralism and Institutional Reform in Guatemala”, Citizenship Studies 3:1, 1999.
Deborah Yashar, “Contesting Citizenship: Indigenous Movements and Democracy in Latin America.”, Comparative Politics, 31:1, 1998.
Yashar, Deborah J. Contesting Citizenship in Latin America: The Rise of Indigenous Movements and the Postliberal Challenge. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.