Permits of exemption: Aerated Waters Trade Boards
This index is a summary of key information relating to permits of exemption issued to workers who came within the scope of the Aerated Waters Trade Board (England and Wales) and the Aerated Waters Trade Board (Scotland) - individuals who were regarded as being "affected by any infirmity or physical injury which renders [them] incapable of earning that minimum time-rate". The data is taken from summarised applications for permits of exemption submitted to members of the Board. Click on the case number to see a digitised version of the original source - this can include more information.
Archives at the Modern Records Centre include historical terminology used to describe medical conditions or aspects of disability. This language reflects the context in which the material was created, and may be considered offensive today.
| Number | Date | Age | Gender | Employer | Location | Reason | Proposed wages (week) | Other info |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A7414/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 74 | Male | George Green | 22, Dial Street, Leeds | "Old age" | 30 shillings (40 & 1/2 hours) | - |
| A10723/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 25 | Male | Hart & Co. Ltd. | Bloomsgrove St., Nottingham | "Mental deficiency" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10725/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | Hart & Co. Ltd. | Bloomsgrove St., Nottingham | "Deaf and dumb & club foot" | 30 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8206/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 20 | Male | Isaac Standring & Co. | 1a, Ramsay Street, Rochdale | "Mentally deficient" | 33 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A7989/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 50 1/2 | Male | D. T. J. Lyle & Sons, Ltd. | 91, King Street, Maidstone | "Valvular disease of heart" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10665/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 24 | Male | J. F. Eardley Ltd. | 65, Stalker Lees Road, Sheffield | "Mental deficiency" | 42 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A3382/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 59 | Male | Strawsons Ltd. | 10 Carver St., Liverpool | "Age & defective memory" | 45 shillings (40 hours) | - |
| A7713/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 53 | Male | York Wine & Spirit, Aerated Waters & Bottling Co. Ltd. | York | "Bronchitis" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A7681/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 41 | Male | W. C. Cooke | 4, Cross Street, Kettering | "Mental deficiency" | 41 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10664/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 66 | Male | J. F. Eardley Ltd. | 65, Stalker Lees Road, Sheffield | "Age" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9175/21Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 67 | Male | A. Greenham | High Street, Shanklin | "Age" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9174/21Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 67 | Male | A. Greenham | High Street, Shanklin | "Age" | 44 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A22391/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 44 | Male | Hobsons (Heywood) Ltd. | 12, Regent St., Heywood | "Bronchial asthma" | 47 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9138/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 30 | Male | T. J. Williams | Victoria Mineral Water Works, Pwllheli | "Physical weakness" | 41 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8197/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 56 | Male | Smith & Thomas | Barden Lane, Burnley | "Pulmonary Tuberculosis" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A3293/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 19 | Male | Norton & Co. | 145, Priory St., Burnley | "Mental deficiency" | 33 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A10221/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 74 | Male | May, Davis & Co. Ltd. | Hampton St., SE17 | "Age" | 33 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A10222/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 70 | Male | May, Davis & Co. Ltd. | Hampton St., SE17 | "Age" | 33 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A10220/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | May, Davis & Co. Ltd. | Hampton St., SE17 | "Age, fatty heart & enlarged fatty liver" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9981/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 38 | Male | Slack & Cox Ltd. | Hyde Rd., Manchester | "Infirm & hunchback" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9980/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 43 | Male | Slack & Cox Ltd. | Hyde Rd., Manchester | "Mentally deficient" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9983/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 55 | Male | Slack & Cox Ltd. | Hyde Rd., Manchester | "Loss of one eye" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9984/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 58 | Male | Slack & Cox Ltd. | Hyde Rd., Manchester | "Decrepit & infirm " | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9985/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 68 | Male | Slack & Cox Ltd. | Hyde Rd., Manchester | "Rheumatism" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9986/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 50 | Male | Slack & Cox Ltd. | Hyde Rd., Manchester | "Deaf & dumb" | 55 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8061/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 60 | Male | Lawman & Wyborn | Henry Street, Brighton | "Chronic bronchitis & varicose veins" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8105/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 71 | Male | J. Dyson Ltd. | 285, Stockport Road, Longsight, Manchester | "Age" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10084/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 73 | Male | Lee & Green | Carre Street, Sleaford | "Rheumatism and age" | 30 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A22505/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 30 | Male | C. E. Rymer & Son | 27, Cave Street, Hull | "Loss of both legs" | 32 shillings & 6 pence (38 hours) | - |
| A358/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 57 | Male | Westmacott & Son | 17, Market Street, Manchester | "Weak mindedness" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8151/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 38 | Male | Ford & Parr Ltd. | Wollaton St., Nottingham | "Paralysis of right side" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A14511/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 68 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Defective sight & slight lameness" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A14514/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 23 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Epilepsy & mental deficiency" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A14508/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 72 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Age & defective sight" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A14520/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 77 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Age & defective sight & hearing" | 33 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A14510/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 62 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Poor physique & varicose veins" | 37 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A14509/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Age" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A16269/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 72 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Age" | 47 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A14512/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 61 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Age" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A14522/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 75 | Male | Idris & Co Ltd. | Pratt Street, Camden Town, NW | "Arteric Sclerosis & Chronic arthritis" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10362/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 73 | Male | H. D. Rawlings Ltd. | Neate St., Camberwell | "Age & injury to elbow" | 30 shillings (33 hours) | - |
| A2486/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 26 | Male | R. Boardman & Co. | Ashton-under-Lyne | "Mental deficiency" | 30 shillings (44 hours)* | *Subject to the acquiescence of the employer being obtained to the rate suggested. |
| A7762/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 62 | Male | Morrison & Townend Ltd. | Castleford | "Loss of leg" | 30 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A5929/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 31 | Male | Spencers & Howarth | Accrington | "Mental deficiency" | 30 shillings (47 hours)* | *Subject to the acquiescence of the employer being obtained to the rate suggested. |
| A1210/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 38 | Male | Wardell | Coseley | "Hunchback" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A7659/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 24 | Male | W. J. Allen | 1, College Av., Fishponds, Bristol | "Left hand useless." | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8596/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 66 | Female | Smith & Spencer | Redditch | "Age" | 7 pence per hour | - |
| A10411/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 20 | Male | N. P. Sandiford & Sons | Northwick | "Organic nervous lesion" | 25 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A6355/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | Clinning & Ormond Ltd. | Blackpool | "Lameness" | 1 shilling per hour | - |
| A10082/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 22 | Male | H. S. Martin | East Grinstead | "Mental deficiency" | 42 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A15029/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 65 | Male | R.C. Allen Ltd. | Leicester | "Age" | 51 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A15033/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | R.C. Allen Ltd. | Leicester | "Defective eyesight" | 51 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A15034/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 44 | Male | R.C. Allen Ltd. | Leicester | "Valvular disease of the heart" | 51 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A15032/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 57 | Male | R.C. Allen Ltd. | Leicester | "Age & seizures of dizziness" | 54 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A15031/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 64 | Male | R.C. Allen Ltd. | Leicester | "Age" | 54 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A7996/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 48 | Male | A. F. & W. Clarke | 18, St. Margaret's Green, Ipswich | "Deformed feet and legs" | 27 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A10727/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 66 | Male | Leicester Amalgamated Mineral Water Co. Ltd. | Leicester | "Age" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10728/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 72 | Male | Leicester Amalgamated Mineral Water Co. Ltd. | Leicester | "Age" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10364/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 71 | Male | H. D. Rawlings Ltd. | Camberwell | "Age" | 50 shillings (45 hours) | - |
| A8611/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 25 | Male | J. Millar & Childs | Kettering | "Partial blindness, hip disease & debility" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A4573/21Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 53 | Male | H. & F. Go[r]m | 18, Walter St., Bethnal Green | "Loss of leg" | 50 shillings per week | - |
| A12659/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 62 | Male | R. Fry & Co. | Middle Street, Brighton | "Age" | 40 shillings per week | - |
| A12656/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 64 | Male | R. Fry & Co. | Middle Street, Brighton | "Age and deformity" | 37 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A12655/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | R. Fry & Co. | Middle Street, Brighton | "Age" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A12654/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 64 | Male | R. Fry & Co. | Middle Street, Brighton | "Age" | 40 shillings per week | - |
| A12658/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 43 | Male | R. Fry & Co. | Middle Street, Brighton | "Mental deficiency" | 50 shillings per week | - |
| A18902/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 34 | Male | Nicholson & Son Ltd. | Maidenhead | "V.D.H." [Valvular disease of the Heart?] | 52 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A12782/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 39 | Male | Chislehurst Mineral Waters Co. | Chislehurst | "Mental deficiency" | 42 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A10083/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 62 | Male | Lee & Green | Sleaford | "Age and shortness of breath" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8469/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 35 | Male | Doubleday & Co. | Diss | "Rheumatoid arthritis" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8221/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 47 | Male | Camwal Ltd. | Caledonian Rd., London N | "Deafness & mental deficiency" | 47 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A7480/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 45 | Male | Milnes & Son | Bradford | "Gastric catarrh" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A4166/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 74 | Male | Nottingham License Holders | Nottingham | "Age" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8360/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 42 | Male | G. Ray & Sons | Macclesfield | "Injury to right arm" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A12650/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 66 | Male | Shelvey & Co. Ltd. | 1a, Paston Place, Brighton | "Rheumatism" | 58 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A12651/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 69 | Male | Shelvey & Co. Ltd. | 1a, Paston Place, Brighton | "Advanced age" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A12552/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 57 | Male | Shelvey & Co. Ltd. | 1a, Paston Place, Brighton | "Varicose veins" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A7824/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 38 | Male | Mr. W. Sambrook | 32, St. Johns Hill, Shrewsbury | "Cripple in both feet" | 30 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10721/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 47 | Male | Lascelles Tickner & Co. Ltd. | Castle Brewery, Guildford | "Epileptic" | 38 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A1986/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 60 | Male | Talbot & Co. | Commercial Rd., Gloucester | "Physical weakness" | 33 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A13222/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 48 | Male | Hindle & Co. | Imperial Works, North Shore | "Locomotor Ataxy" | 47 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10081/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 41 | Male | H. S. Martin Ltd. | 30-32 High St., East Grinstead | "Varicose veins and Hammer Toes" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8198/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 51 | Male | Smith & Thomas | Barden Lane, Burnley | "Blindness" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10061/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 83 | Male | Wilson & Holmes (1914) Ltd. | Hall Brow, Workington | "Advanced age" | 25 shillings (45 hours) | - |
| A8390/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 46 | Male | The Stratton Hills Mineral Water Co. | Cwm Spring, Church Stretton, Shropshire | "Flat feet inguinal hernia" | 46 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9609/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 71 | Male | Jewsbury & Brown | Ardwick Green, Manchester | "Advanced age" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9610/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 67 | Male | Jewsbury & Brown | Ardwick Green, Manchester | "Advanced age" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9611/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 49 | Male | Jewsbury & Brown | Ardwick Green, Manchester | "Bad sight & chronic rheumatism" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9614/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 70 | Male | Jewsbury & Brown | Ardwick Green, Manchester | "Advanced age" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9615/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 69 | Male | Jewsbury & Brown | Ardwick Green, Manchester | "Advanced age" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9616/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 55 | Male | Jewsbury & Brown | Ardwick Green, Manchester | "Loss of left leg" | 45 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10478/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | Arnold Perrett & Co. Ltd. | Wickwar | "Advanced age" | 44 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10351/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 80 | Male | G. S. Constable & Sons Ltd. | Anchor Brewery, Littlehampton | "Advanced age" | 30 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A4784/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 59 | Male | C. E. Rymer & Son | 27 Cave Street, Hull | "General debility" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8118/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 64 | Male | Barrett & Co. Ltd. | Arthur Street, Aldershot | "Rheumatism" | 35 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8847/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 65 | Male | R. A. Barrett & Co. Ltd. | Berkeley St., Ashton under Lyne | "Advanced age and debility" | 1 shilling & 2 pence per hour | - |
| A8846/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 64 | Male | R. A. Barrett & Co. Ltd. | Berkeley St., Ashton under Lyne | "Advanced age and debility" | 1 shilling & 2 pence per hour | - |
| A11109/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | [60] | Male | R. White & Sons Ltd. | Albany Rd., Camberwell SE5 | "Failing eyesight" | 50 shillings (50 hours) | - |
| A11112/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 65 | Male | R. White & Sons Ltd. | Albany Rd., Camberwell SE5 | "Advanced age and general debility" | 42 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A11114/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 73 | Male | R. White & Sons Ltd. | Albany Rd., Camberwell SE5 | "Advanced age deafness and blind in one eye" | 56 shillings (48 hours) | - |
| A5929/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 31 | Male | Spencers & Howarth | Oswald St., Accrington | Not stated | 25 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A12143/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 19 | Male | Spencers & Howarth | Oswald St., Accrington | Not stated | 25 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A12834/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | J. W. Green Ltd. | The Brewery, Luton | "Advanced age and debility" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8730/21Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 29 | Male | Thomas J. Williams | Victoria Mineral Works, Pwllheli, North Wales | "Gun shot wound in right forearm" | 40 shillings (47 hours)* | * Subject to the acquiescence of the employer being obtained to the rate suggested. |
| A8522/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 26 | Not stated | W. Fyson & Co. | Bohemia Works, St Leonards on Sea | "Loss of left foot" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A12653/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 53 | Male | Shelvey & Co. Ltd. | Paston Works, 1a, Paston Place, Brighton | "Deafness" | 52 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A20352/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | Rider Wilson's Table waters Ltd. | Trent Street, Sheffield | "Age and Bronchitis" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A22573/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 17 | Male | W. J. Armstrong | Tower Brewery, Whitehaven | "Partially blind" | 30 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A10720/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 61 | Male | Lascelles Tickner & Co. Ltd. | Castle Brewery, Guildford | "Paralysis" | 38 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A7760/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 19 | Female | R. A. Barrett & Co. Ltd. | Ashton under Lyne | "Loss of right arm" | 25 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8883/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 70 | Male | C. L. Betts | 74 High Street, Sittingbourne | "Age" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8546/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 67 | Male | T. H. Hawkes & Co. | Thames Ditton | "Age and mental deficiency" | 25 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A9190/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 59 | Male | R. Ellis & Son Ltd. | Ruthin | "Lethargic condition" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8149/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 63 | Male | J. Cresswell & Son | Halford St., Smethwick | "Rheumatism" | 50 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A7989/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 50 | Male | D. T. J. Lyle & Sons, Ltd. | 91 King Street, Maidstone | "Valvular disease of the heart" | 37 shillings & 6 pence ([3]7 hours)* | * Subject to the acquiescence of the employer being obtained to the rate suggested. |
| A7449/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 64 | Male | Hooper Struve & Co. Ltd. | Brighton | "Age" | 33 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |
| A8561/20 (1)Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 59 | Male | Hooper Struve & Co. Ltd. | Brighton | "Old Age" | 38 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A8561/20 (2)Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 66 | Male | Hooper Struve & Co. Ltd. | Brighton | "Old Age" | 40 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| A7958/20Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 73 | Male | A. Greenham | Shanklin, Isle of Wight | "Age" | 35 shillings (42 hours) | - |
| Not statedLink opens in a new window | 1923 | 57 | Male | Mair & Dougall Ltd. | 35, Andsfield St, Glasgow | "General debility" | 10 pence per hour | - |
| A7972/22Link opens in a new window | 1923 | 53 | Male | P.C. Flett & Co. | 21, Albert Street, Kirkwall | "Spinal curvature" | 20 shillings & 6 pence (48 hours) | - |
| AS11529/20Link opens in a new window | 1923 | 57 | Male | Mair & Dongall Ltd. | 35, Annfield Street, Glasgow | "General debility" | 10 pence per hour | - |
| AS11529/20Link opens in a new window | 1921? | 54 | Male | Mair & Dongall Ltd. | 35, Annfield Street, Glasgow | "General debility" | 1 shilling per hour | - |
| AS3810/20Link opens in a new window | 1921? | 15 | Male | Mr. D. Stevenson | 8, Glen Lane, Paisley | "Diminutive stature" | 18 shillings (47 hours) | - |
| AS3860/21Link opens in a new window | 1921 | 23 | Male | Mr. D. Stevenson | 8, Glen Lane, Paisley | "Diminutive stature" | 37 shillings & 6 pence (47 hours) | - |